Changes in the American City

I. Aspects of Society and Social Issues II. Technological changes

III. Politics in the City

• “The United States lies like a huge page in the history of society. Line by line as we read this continental page from West to East we find the record of social evolution. It begins with the Indian and the hunter, it goes on to tell of the disintegration of savagery by the entrance of the trader, the pathfinder of civilization; we read the annals of the pastoral stage in ranch life; the exploitation of the soil by the raising of unrotated crops of corn and wheat in sparsely settled farming communities; the intensive culture of the denser farm settlement; and finally the manufacturing organization with city and factory system.”

• Frederick Jackson Turner, The significance of the frontier in American History, 1893

Tenement House,

Harper’s Weekly, New

York

Maxwell Street near Jefferson Street, ca. 1904

Standard Oil Refinery No. 1 in Cleveland, Ohio, 1899

Typical Pittsburgh Steel Mill

Milwaukee’s Beer

Detroit’s Automobiles

Golden Gate Park, San Fransisco, 1897

Electric Streetcars, Chicago, 1906

Downtown Traffic Jam, Chicago ca. 1910

Jeffersonian Agrarianism

William M. Tweed, AKA « Boss » TweedRan an efficient and corrupt political

machine based on patronage and graft

Richard Croker

Richard « Boss » Croker as an Octopus on top of N.Y. City Hall

New York’s New Solar System

The Tammany Tiger Loose« What are you going to do about

it? »

ATHERTON, John, Urban America, Masson Et Cie, 1973

BLUMENFELD, Hans, “The Modern Metropolis”, American Urban History: an interpretative reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969

BOYER, Christine M., Dreaming the Rational City, Sixth Printing, 1997

CALLOW Jr., Alexander B., American Urban History: an interpretive reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969

GIFFORD, Jonathan L., Flexible urban transportation, Elsevier Science Ltd, 2003

MARSHALL, Leon S., “The English and American Industrial City of the Nineteenth Century”, American Urban History: an interpretative reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969

ROBERTS, Gerrylynn K. and Steadman, Philip, American cities and Technology: Wilderness to Wired City, Open University, 1999

SCHLESINGER, Arthur M., “The Urban World”, American Urban History: an interpretative reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969

SCOTT, Mel, American City Planning since 1890, University of California Press, 1969

THERNSTORM, Stephan, “Urbanization, Migration, and Social Mobility in Late Nineteenth-Century America”, American Urban History: an interpretative reader with commentaries, Oxford University Press, 1969

WARNER Jr., Sam B., Urban Wilderness, University of California Press, 1995