changes in rural heritage new lives – new landscapes inger liliequist, director general swedish...
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Changes in rural heritageNew lives – new landscapes
Inger Liliequist, Director General
Swedish National Heritage Board
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Sweden is one of the most urbanized countries in the world (85%)
urbanization
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The Swedish society has moved extremely far away from traditional values
• The World Values Survey is a global research project that explores people’s values and beliefs.
• Source: Wikimedia commons
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In Sweden urban population came in majority in 1930(In the world in total, in 2006)
Urban
rural
Million inhabitants
Romantic nationalism modernism
wikipedia
culture policyshift
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Transition of the countryside - Rural areas are large in Sweden
• An urban area (”tätort”) in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants.
• 85 % of the population in Sweden live in urban areas (yellow areas).
• 25 % lives in the 5 largest cities
Rural areasRural near urbanUrban area
Smedjebacken
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Urbanization continues – a major problem for small municipalites
• Sweden's 3 big city areas grow much
• University cities grow
• Almost all small municipalises shrinks
Big cities medium size cities small municipalities
grow
shrink
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All rural areas are not the same”Hot” or ”cold” rural areas – different measures
• low population• low investments
• high population• low investments
• high population• high investments
• low population• high investments
Bollstabruk
ArjeplogLaholm kn
Strömsholm
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How is the Heritage sector working?- Governmental means of action
• Legislation, guidelines, policy• Economy, taxes, support money• Information, Internet, printed matter• Monitoring, data collection• Surveillance, follow up and analysis• Education• Research
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National Heritage Board – cooperation across sector borders
Heritage in the landscape requires central cooperation within the state•Forestry – Swedish Forestry Agency•Agriculture – Swedish Board of Agriculture•Planning - Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning•Nature conservation – Environment Protection Agency•Roads and railways - Swedish Transport Administration
Regional state authority •County Administration Boards
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Example: Environmental Objectives
• Stakeholder:– The State with authorities
• Cooperation with:– Enterprise companies
– Farmers organizations– Different NGO:s
Discussion between farmers NGO and state authorities
12. Sustainable Forests. Objective to be achieved within one generation:”forest land will be managed in such a way as to avoid damage to ancient monuments…”
Interim target 3:”to avoid damage toancient monuments”
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We protect Rural Heritage in Culture Reserves- a resource for regional development and tourism
• 34 Culture Reserves in Sweden
• Old farms, manors, factories, fishing village etc.
• Buildings, fields and forests
• Continuous maintenance• Supervised by the
County administration
Culture Reserve Smedstorp farmstead
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Over growing of pasture and moorlandin the countryside continues
Moorland 1915 Woodland 2004
Haga dolmen, Bohuslän, Internet photo service at the National Heritage Board
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We work with landscape restoration
• Future pasture land at the Culture reserve at Brottö. Inspection by the County Administrative Board after clearing of bushes and trees with money from the National Heritage Board.
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World Heritage Property Example: The Agricultural Landscape of Southern Öland
• One of 14 Swedish properties• Attracts a great number of visitors all around the year• Millennia of human exploitation and environmental
conditions are mirrored in the cultural landscape.
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Challenges for the futureNew lives creates new landscapes
• Change is an integrated part of the landscapeVäderstad
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The world is facing a shift of energy paradigm
1950 2050
Land use %
Time
Muscle as force
Fossil fuel as forceRenewable energy as force
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A growing demand for renewable energy bio fuel, wind power
• World Heritage Property Southern Öland
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Since 1930: smaller agriculture areas in Sweden- but more intensively used
Agriculture area in Sweden, hectars 1866 – 2007
Unused/fallow
Cereals
Grass/hay
Statistics Sweden
(Mainly woodland)
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In many areas where agriculture is intensified
- the historical traces are wiped out
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New methods make old farm buildings uselessand finally they are demolished
2004/19/23
Typical barn from the early 20th C - soon a lost heritage
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Unused agriculture land is over grown with bushes or converted into woodland
Scenery and sites also become less visible
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Maintained heritage need economic support
• Linnean village Råshult Culture reserve
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”Deltagare”
”Betraktare”
År 1900 År 2000
Landskapets förändring
Change in all European societies – from participants to spectator
Participantsin thelandscape
Spectator in the landscape
Change in the landscape
Year 1900 Year 2000
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Sweden is a part of the whole world Migration develops a new demography
• New lifestyles• New ideas• More emphasis
on urban life• Also demand for
high quality rural life, tourism, beautiful scenery, attractive nature etc.
Immigrants
Emigrants
Statistics Sweden
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Tourism is a growing sector- increasing interest in heritage and scenery
Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional GrowthOld Uppsala Historic Centre
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European landscape Convention, ELC- underlines democracy
• Explanatory Report, Council of Europe:
• “22. Official landscape activities can no longer be allowed to be an exclusive field of study or action monopolised by specialist scientific and technical bodies.”
• “23. Landscape is the concern of all and lends itself to democratic treatment, particularly at local and regional level.”
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Government action in the landscapeDo we have resources to deal with everyday areas?
•High activity•incentive•support, reserves
•High action•restrictions•reserves
”cold” abandoned areas everyday areas ”hot” investment areas
•no action?
landscapearea
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Thank you for listening!