change in structure of chromosomes ( sy, claire & ropal, roravelle)
DESCRIPTION
Types of chromosomal mutations ( SY, Claire Darren L. & ROPAL, Roravelle N.)TRANSCRIPT
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CHANGE IN STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES
SY, Claire Darren L.
ROPAL, Roravelle N.
AAPD-2B
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4 TYPES OF CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
1. Deletion2. Duplication3. Inversion4. Translocation
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DELETION Is also called gene
deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation.
Is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing.
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2 KINDS OF DELETION:
1. Terminal Deletion2. Intercalary Deletion /
Interstitial Deletion
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TERMINAL DELETION
a deletion that occurs towards the end of a chromosome.
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INTERCALARY DELETION / INTERSTITIAL DELETION
a deletion that occurs from the interior of a chromosome.
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DUPLICATION or chromosomal
duplication or gene amplification.
is any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.
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4 KINDS OF DUPLICATION
1. Tandem2. Reverse tandem3. Displaced homobrachial4. Displaced heterobrachial
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TANDEM
The occurrence of two identical sequences, one following the other, in a chromosome segment.
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REVERSE TANDEM
is a non-tandem duplication that brings the new copy to a region that is transcribed in the opposite direction so that the copy actually produces the same amino acid as the original
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DISPLACED HOMOBRACHIAL
The repeated segment doesn’t foolow the arc.
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DISPLACED HETEROBRACHIAL
The repeated segent is found on the other side of the arc.
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INVERSION
is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.
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2 KINDS OF INVERSION
1. Paracentric Inversion2. Pericentric Inversion
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PARACENTRIC INVERSION
do not include the centromere and both breaks occur in one arm of the chromosome.
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PERICENTRIC INVERSION
include the centromere and there is a break point in each arm.
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TRANSLOCATION
is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes
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2 KINDS OF TRANSLOCATION
1. Reciprocal2. Non reciprocal
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RECIPROCAL
are usually an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes.
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NON RECIPROCAL
type of rearrangement involves two acrocentric chromosomes that fuse near the centromere region with loss of the short arms.
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THE END