change in community

8/13/2019 Change in Community

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ChangeIn Communities

2(a)A community is a group of people with a common background or with shared

interests within a society who may live in a similar area.

(b)Reasons for formations of communities:

Geographic reasons -

The geographic profile of an area can provide the physical, social and climatic

environment that is suitable for the development of a community. It may: have attractive

surroundings, be an area in which it is easy to walk or get around, provide access to

local services and facilities, and provide a sense of place and belonging.

Interest-based reasons -

People may form communities on the basis of culture, religion, politics, business, sport,

leisure, recreation, music, craft or friendship. Predominately linked by social and

emotional bonds - share a sense of belonging.

Purpose-built communities:

Emerge as a result of the purposeful intervention of industry, business or political

decision-making.

(c)Levels of community organisation:

Local, state and national -

LOCAL -based in a particular part of a city, town or rural area. They have the power to

manage and make laws applying to that area. For example, your council or shire.

STATE - state governments are responsible for the state only and have power to

manage and make laws that apply only to the state. For example, NSW.

NATIONAL - the national government community involves all Australians; laws and

decision-making have an impact on the whole of Australia. For example, Australia.

Global -

Global communities are more difficult to define because the boundaries are not clear

and their areas of responsibility may vary depending on the issue. The UN may be

considered a global community because of its role in world wide goal setting and

decision-making.

(d)1. Done.

2(a) Done.

(b) Local - building inspections, sports grounds, waste collection, public libraries,

Childcare.

State - brushfire brigades, Childcare, public hospitals, road laws, transport, police.

National - defence, foreign affairs, immigration, notes and coins, postal services,

telecommunications, police.

(c) Building inspections are a local responsibility because where a building is will only


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affect the community and people it is around.

It does not require federal or state attention.

3.Done.

4(a) It is important to make fair decisions at community level because the aim of officebearers is to satisfy as many community members as possible in order to keep everyone

happy, therefore fair decisions must be made to accommodate everyone.

(b) Communities make decisions such as converting a shopping centre and the

surrounding streets into a pedestrian mall, and placing roundabouts or traffic lights at

certain intersections.

ARBITRATION - process that seeks to resolve a dispute.

CONSENSUS - aims to include everyone in the decision-making process

ELECTION - gives the individual an opportunity to express their views and to be involved

in the decision-making process by voting for one option over another.

REFERENDUM - aims to include all adults of an electorate in voting on an importantpolicy proposal.

(c) 1. From local: doctors - meet the needs of individuals by providing health solutions

and cures.

From state: hospitals - meet the needs of individuals by providing pain relief and fixing

possibly fatal illnesses.

From national: Medicare - meets the needs of individuals by providing health cover and

some expenses of it.

2. From global: immunisation - impacts on world health by providing appropriate drugs to

prevent possible fatal illnesses. Benefits the community in a good way.

(d) ARBITRATION - process that seeks to resolve a dispute.

CONSENSUS - aims to include everyone in the decision-making process

ELECTION - gives the individual an opportunity to express their views and to be involved

in the decision-making process by voting for one option over another.

REFERENDUM - aims to include all adults of an electorate in voting on an important

policy proposal.

(e) Local council meeting to decide on increasing the size of a national park site: they

would use a consensus because a consensus includes all people in the decision to

expand the national park.

Management group to increase monthly charges for youth gym membership: they would

use a small consensus because the decision does not need an entire country, just a

group of people deciding whether the decision is appropriate.

Tribunal for wage increases: they would use a consensus because wage effects most

people in Australia.

Lobbying for passenger limits and curfews for P plate drivers: they would use a

consensus because this issue effects a nation because they all drive on the roads.

Selecting SRC president: they would use an election because people can vote for a


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preferred candidate.

Changing school uniforms: they would use a consensus as they would need the opinion

of many about whether this change is wanted.

(f) Rolesof individuals,small groupsand large groups-

Because decisions made in communities impact on individuals, there is often a need toprovide opportunities for skate holders to be involved in a consultation process prior to

the decision making.

Influenceson decisionmaking-

Factors that are considered important when change happens in communities are related

to legal requirements, environmental issues and groups in supporting change (that is

lobbying).

LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS: governments are responsible for the development and

implementation of laws. It is these laws that provide the guidelines for local, state and

national community decision making, for example, land-use zones, protection of the

natural environment, noise pollution, child protection and industrial relations.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: communities have resources available to help carry out

tasks and reach goals. Decisions about these resources need to be made after

considering their impact on the environment. Communities can have concerns for the

impact of new water transport routes on the Central Coast environment that have led to

extensive environmental impact studies, alterations to plans and delayed implementation

of jet ferry travel to Sydney. They also have concerns for the effect of products

containing chlorofluorocarbons on the environment which have led to the development

and acceptance of alternative products.

LOBBYING: lobbying occurs if groups of people campaign to persuade legislators to

make a decision in their favour.

change in community

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