Chalomot Hayyimu

When Jacob awoke from his dream

…

If You Will It,

It is Not a Dream …

HlDP Teacher Training

December Mission to Israel

The Beginning

NAMES

And Gd said to him, “what is your name?” And he said, “Ya’akov.” And Gd said

”No longer shall you be Ya’akov” and Gd continued, “Your name shall be Yisrael, because you struggled with Gd (Ki Sarita Im Elohim) and with men and you

prevailed.”

Zion = Mt. Zion = Jerusalem = Israel

Hebrew- Ivrim from “LaAvor”, which means to pass

over. They are the people who passed over (the waters.)

Lech LechaChapter 12And the Lord said to Abram, "Go

forth from your land and from your birthplace and from your father's house, to the land that I will show you.

And I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make great your name, and [you shall] be a blessing.

And I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse, and all the families of the earth shall be blessed in you."

And Abram went, as the Lord had spoken to him, and Lot went with him, and Abram was seventy five years old when he left Haran.

Nomadic Era

– 1800 BCE - 1600 BCE– Abraham, Isaac and Jacob– Ur, Canaan, Hebron, Egypt

CONQUEST – 1250 BCE– Joshua leading twelve tribes– Ignores intelligence reports from 40 years earlier– Jericho First

Twelve Tribes

– 125 - 1100 BCE

– First Jewish sovereignty– Tribal society– Ruled by Judges– Shiloh as nominal capital

Early Kingdoms

• Saul– 1029 BCE - 1007 BCE– First Jewish monarchy– Unification of tribes– Expansion of borders

• David– 1000 BCE - 920 BCE– Expansion of the

kingdom– Jerusalem becomes

capital

• Solomon- Builds the first Temple - Succession splits kingdom

Split of Kingdom

• Judah- Southern Kingdom- Two tribes- Capital in Jerusalem

• Israel- Northern Kingdom- Ten tribes- Capital in Nablus (Shechem)

- Assyrian invasion in 722 BCE- Destruction of ten tribes

Babylonian Era

• Babylonians take Judah 586 BCE• Destruction of Temple• Exile

• Persians defeat Babylonians in 539 BCE• Judea (Judah) re-established• Jerusalem re-established as capital• Second Temple built in 518 BCE• Lasts 200 years until Alexander the Great

Hasmonean Revolt

– 167 BCE - 63 BCE– Begins with Maccabees– After 160 years Greek rule – Spreads over 90 years– Eventually absorbed by Rome

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Jewish Revolts Against Romans63 CE - 73 CE: Destruction of Temple, Exile

115 CE - 117 CE: Mesopotamia

132 CE - 135 CE: Bar Kochba

The crushing of the Jewish revolt …

The Birth of Judaism

The Destruction of

the Jewish Worship Center

…

.. And the Longing for Zion …

The Diaspora

Jews being burned in Talmud libel in

Nuremberg, Gerrmany in 1432

Ancient Blood Libels

Modern Blood Libels

Jewish ExpulsionsYEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . PLACE 250 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Carthage 415 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alexandria 554 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diocese of Clement (France) 561 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diocese of Uzzes (France) 612 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Visigoth Spain 642 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Visigoth Empire 855 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I taly 876 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sens 1012 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mainz 1182 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - France 1182 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Germany 1276 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Upper Bavaria 1290 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - England 1306 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - France 1322 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - France (again) 1348 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Switzerland 1349 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hielbronn [ sic ] (Germany) 1349 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxony 1349 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hungary 1360 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hungary 1370 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Belgium 1380 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Slovakia 1388 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Strasbourg 1394 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Germany 1394 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - France 1420 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lyons 1421 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Austria 1424 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fribourg 1424 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zurich 1424 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cologne 1432 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Savoy 1438 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mainz 1439 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Augsburg 1442 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Netherlands 1444 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Netherlands 1446 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Bavaria 1453 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - France 1453 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Breslau

• 1454 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wurzburg 1462 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mainz 1483 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mainz 1484 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Warsaw 1485 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vincenza (Italy) 1492 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Spain 1492 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Italy 1495 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lithuania 1496 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Naples 1496 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Portugal 1498 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nuremberg 1498 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Navarre 1510 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Brandenberg 1510 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Prussia 1514 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Strasbourg 1515 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Genoa 1519 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Regensburg 1533 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Naples 1541 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Naples 1542 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Prague & Bohemia 1550 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Genoa 1551 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bavaria 1555 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pesaro 1557 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Prague 1559 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Austria 1561 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Prague 1567 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wurzburg 1569 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Papal States 1571 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Brandenburg 1582 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Netherlands 1582 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hungary 1593 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Brandenburg, Austria 1597 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cremona, Pavia & Lodi 1614 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Frankfort 1615 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Worms 1619 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kiev 1648 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ukraine 1648 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Poland 1649 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hamburg 1654 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Little Russia (Beylorus)

• 1656 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lithuania 1669 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Oran (North Africa) 1669 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vienna 1670 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vienna 1712 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sandomir 1727 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Russia 1738 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Württemberg 1740 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Little Russia (Beylorus) 1744 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Prague, Bohemia 1744 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Slovakia 1744 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Livonia 1745 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Moravia 1753 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kovad (Lithuania) 1761 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bordeaux 1772 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deported to the Pale of Settlement (Poland/Russia) 1775 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Warsaw 1789 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alsace 1804 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Villages in Russia 1808 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Villages & Countryside (Russia) 1815 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lübeck, Bremen 1815 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Franconia, Swabia & Bavaria 1820 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bremen 1843 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Russian Border Austria & Prussia 1862 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Areas in the U.S. under General Grant's Jurisdiction[1] 1866 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Galatz, Romania 1880s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Russia 1891 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Moscow 1919 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bavaria (foreign born Jews) 1938-45 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nazi Controlled Areas     1948 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Arab Countries

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Byzantine Era

• 4th - 7th centuries

• Romans adopt Christianity• Jews banned from Jerusalem

• Jewish majority in the Galilee• Renamed “Palestinians” by Romans

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Muslim Palestine• Islamic Rule Established

– Covenant of Omar 637– Creation of Dhimmi status

• Jewish Presence– Jerusalem, Haifa, Tiberias, Gaza

• Administrative Districts– Jordan with Tiberias as capital– Palestine with Ramleh as capital

• Changing Islamic Dynasties– Umayyad in 661 (Damascus)– Abbasid in 750 (Baghdad)– Fatimid in 970 (Tunis)

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Crusades 1096• Jerusalem conquered in 1099• Jews and Muslims massacred• Jews barred from Jerusalem• Jewish communities on the

periphery

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Return of Islam

• Saladin– 1169 becomes Sultan of Egypt– Defeats Crusaders– Captures Palestine

• The Mamluks– Slave uprising takes Egypt in 1250– Final defeat of Crusaders in 1260– Islamic rule re-established

• Administrative Districts– District of Safed– District of Damascus– District of Gaza

Ottoman Empire (1516)Sulamein the Magnificent expands Turkish Empire south into PalestineJerusalem captured in 1516Jerusalem, Haifa, Jaffa, Safed and Tiberias still with substantial Jewish communitiesJews expelled from Spain, Portugal, Provence and England move to PalestineEmpire lasts into the 20th century

Conclusion of Jewish Record• Continuous Jewish presence for 3800 years• Jerusalem as capital for 1100 years• Constant attempt to re-establish Jewish nation with

Jerusalem as its capital• Sought return to sovereignty for 2000 years

Conclusion of Arab Record• Continuous Arab presence for 1350 years

• Sovereignty for 800 years

• Never sought independent Palestine

• Never sought Jerusalem as a capital

Rise of Zionism

• Rise of European Nationalism in 1840s– Jews excluded as full members of European nations– Rise in anti-Semitism with pogroms and blood libels

• Jew’s Emerge as a “People”– Language, Literature and Philosophy

• Herzl and the Zionist movement– Waves of immigration to Palestine begin mid-1800s– Development of existing Jewish presence in the land

Palestine from the 1850s• Mark Twain (Innocents Abroad, 1867 regarding the Jezereel Valley)

“There is not a solitary village throughout its whole extent -- not for thirty miles in either direction. There are two or three small clusters of Bedouin tents, but not a single permanent habitation. One may ride ten miles, hereabouts, and not see ten human beings. “

• Jerusalem– Ancient Jewish quarter filled to capacity– Jewish settlements beyond the walls start in 1869– Jewish majority by 1880

• Outlying Jewish communities in Safed, Jaffa and Tiberias

• Jewish Development begins in earnest in early 1870s- Schools, Hospitals, Self-governing social organizations

Ben Yehuda 3

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Ottomans Lose WWI

• Allied with Germany

• British make conflicting promises– McMahon letter to Arabs– Balfour declaration to Jews

• Sykes-Picot divides the land– Arab states with British/French

jurisdiction– Mandatory protection of minorities

• Christians in Lebanon• Jews in Palestine

Dear Lord Rothschild, November 2nd, 1917

I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.

"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."

I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.

Yours sincerely,

Arthur James Balfour

Balfour Declaration 1917

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Unrest of the 1920/1930s

• Arabs riot in 1929– 500 Jews murdered– Massacre 3000 year old Hebron community

• Arabs riot in 1936• Peel Commission (1937)

– Arab Palestine/Jewish Palestine– Rejected by Arabs/accepted by Jews

• Arabs riot in 1937 - 1939• McDonald Commission (1939)

– Single bi-national state slated for 1949– Jewish immigration severely restricted– Arab immigration unlimited– Nazis invade Poland the next day– Millions of European Jews denied sanctuary

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Aftermath of WWII• British Control

– Maritime blockade of Jewish immigration

– Holocaust survivors imprisoned in Cyprus

– Jewish and Arab war against British

• British Abdicate to United Nations

• UN Partition Plan (1947)– Two Palestinian States– Arab Palestine– Jewish Palestine– Internationalization of Jerusalem

• Rejected by Arabs• Accepted by Jews

1948 Arab-Israeli War

• British Withdrawal– Maintain blockade until end– Give bases and materiel to Arabs

• Israel declares independence• Arabs invade

– Lebanon– Syria– Jordan– Iraq– Egypt– Saudi Arabia

• War ends in armistice

Fallout of War• Boundaries

– Gaza occupied by Egypt– West Bank occupied by Jordan– Arabs refuse peace talks ----> Armistice lines

• Refugees– 700,000 - 800,000 Arab refugees confined to camps– 700,000 - 800,000 Jewish refugees settled in Israel– West Bank ethnically cleansed of Jews

• Holy Sites– Hundreds of Jewish holy sites destroyed– Jews barred from West Bank and Gaza– Muslims given control over holy sites

• Political Balance– Arab League formed to defeat Israel– Arabs launch diplomatic/economic war

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

1950s/1960s• Sinai Campaign (1956)

– Egypt nationalizes Suez canal– Israeli-British-French attack Egypt– Withdraw with guarantees on Tiran

• Prelude to War (1967)– UN peacekeepers evicted by Egypt– Straits of Tiran blockaded– Egyptian troops cross Suez canal

• Six Day War (1967)– Pre-emptive Israeli strike– Israelis control

• West Bank• Gaza• Golan

– Israeli Peace offer

Khartoum Conference

• No negotiation

• No recognition

• No Peace

A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, Barnavi

Yom Kippur War October 1973

• Surprise Attack– Egypt and Syria– Judaism’s holiest day– Heavy casualties

• International Reaction– French arms embargo– American arms airlift– Arab oil embargo

• Israeli Response– Crosses Suez Canal into Africa– Surround Egypt’s 3rd Army– Suburbs of Damascus

• Truce

Peace With Egypt

• Sadat visits Israel 1977• Camp David Accords• Phased Israeli withdrawal from Sinai beginning 1979• Sets the stage for talks with Palestinians ten years later • Sadat assassinated by Muslim Brotherhood

The Palestinians• Emergence as discrete entity early in 20th century

– Long considered to be Syrians– Drawn together by opposition to Jewish development

• Displaced by 1948 Arab-Israeli War (“al Nakba”)– Refugees to camps in Arab countries– 120,000 remain in Israel- Cross border raids against Israel in 1950s

• PLO founded in 1964– Launches attacks on Western & Israeli civilians– Civil war in Jordan (1970) kills 25,000– Civil war in Lebanon (1975) kills 150,000– Designated sole representative of Palestinian people– Recognized internationally as legitimate resistance movement

Oslo Accord

• Secret talks initiated by Israelis and Palestinians

• Mutual recognition• Renunciation of terror• Creation of Palestinian Authority to Administer territories• Regulated arming of Palestinian Police• Gradual Israeli withdrawal from West Bank and Gaza

– Jericho and Gaza first• Commitment to negotiate final borders and status of Jerusalem• First in a series of agreements and addendums

Terrorists in the Territories• Tanzim• Al Aksa Martyrs Brigade • Force 17• Hamas• Islamic Jihad• Popular Resistance Committee• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)• Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)

Post-Oslo Stalemate

mid-1990s

• 40% of land transferred to PA control• 90% of Palestinians under PA jurisdiction• 100,000 Palestinians reunited with families in Israel

• Palestinian incitement in media and schools unabated • Terror groups not dismantled• Mass casualty attacks on civilians Hamas and Islamic Jihad

• Heightened Israeli security to prevent terror attacks– Road blocks, ID cards, closures

Camp David 2000• Bold attempt to break the stalemate• Arafat, Barak and Clinton spend two weeks in seclusion

• American-brokered Israeli offer on the table– 97 % of West Bank and Gaza Strip– Land compensation for remaining 3%– Jerusalem a shared capital– Muslim control over Temple Mount continued

• Arafat walks away from negotiation without counter-offer

• “Intifada” launched two months later– Sharon’s temple mount visit used as a catalyst– Billed as spontaneous uprising but…

• Palestinian preparation for war was extensive

“Al Aksa Intifada”• Premeditated War Against Israel

– Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon used as the model– Land and weapons gained at Oslo turned against Israel

• Complete repudiation of Oslo by Palestinians– Massive organizational planning for confrontation– Importation and manufacture of illegal arms– Targeting civilians, especially families and children– Escalation of incitement

• Public Deception Campaign– European leftists– United Nations and its agencies– Media– American College campuses

The Israeli Response

• The Defeat of the Terror War – Isolation of the PA leadership– Sealing the borders (checkpoints)– Temporary reoccupation (Jenin, Ramallah, etc)– Targeted assassinations– Living in the face of terror

• Separation– Intent to unilaterally move-on – The Fence– Limitation on workers’ entry– Disengagement from Gaza

Gaza

• Israeli Gamble– Enormously divisive – No guarantees

• Palestinian opportunity to create a nation

• Palestinian Failure– Destroyed economic assets left in place– Used opportunity to enhance war against Israel

• Smuggling and manufacture of weapons• Continue rocket attacks against Sderot

– Elected Hamas based government– General decline into militia-based fracturing of society

Lebanon - Hizballah

• Second “hot” front against Israel– 2006 war precipitated by incursion & kidnapping– Followed years of provocations, preparations

• Origins from the early 1980s– Iranian response to Lebanon’s civil war, Israeli invasion– Infamous attacks against American & French peacekeepers

• Emerging Power in Lebanon - Attracts disenfranchised Shiites

• Worldwide presence on behalf of Iran- Attacks on Jewish community in Argentina- Extensive intelligence militant network through the West- Growing presence in Gaza and West Bank

Iran

– Revolutionary Theocracy with oil wealth– Center of emerging Shiite coalition– Leader with apocalyptic view of world– Consistent effort to export the revolution

What Now (continued)

• America– Growing divide between liberals and conservatives– Rising anti-Semitism/anti-Zionism on far left

• Jews– Similar divide between liberals and conservatives– School-age generation disenfranchised from Israel– College students unprepared to deal with intensity of

debate

• Israelis– Out of touch with Zionism as an ideology– Losing faith in competence of leadership– Losing conviction in the validity of their narrative

The Issues• Popular

– Borders– Checkpoints– Fence– Peace Talks

• Necessary– How to defend attempts to de-legitimize the Jewish narrative?– Can Arabs accept any minority’s right to self-determination?– How should democracies deal with an Islamist agenda?– Is there really anyone for Israel to talk to?