challenges of a multicultural society review/revision

Review: The challenge of a multicultural society in the UK

To what extent is the UK a

multicultural society?

To what extent is the UK a

multicultural society?

1. Command Word

2. Subject

3. Scope

4. Other elements

A ‘multicultural society’ is:

Several different _______, _______, _______ or _________

groups coexisting in harmony in the same society.

There are different policies that exist about the ____________ of

ethnic groups:

________________ where ethnic groups are kept separate as they have

little in common. A good example of this would be the ‘white Australia’

policy in the 1960s and the __________ policy in South Africa.

____________ where is expected that new migrants lose their

distinctiveness and __________ the culture of the host country.

_____________ where ethnic groups are expected to participate and

contribute to their host country yet maintain their identity.

A ‘multicultural society’ is: Several different ethnic, racial, religious or cultural

groups coexisting in harmony in the same society.

There are different policies that exist about the integration of ethnic groups:

Segregation where ethnic groups are kept separate as they have little in common. A good example of this would be the ‘white Australia’ policy in the 1960s and the apartheid policy in South Africa.

Assimilation where is expected that new migrants lose their distinctiveness and adopt the culture of the host country.

Pluralism where ethnic groups are expected to participate and contribute to their host country yet maintain their identity.

Odd one out

Odd one out

Ethnic Racial Gender Religious

Segregation Melting pot Assimilation Pluralism

South Africa Apartheid

French assimilation White Australia Israel-Palestine

Multicultural societies are formed from migration. There have been some of the significant migrations into the UK

over the last 100 years.

In the 18th century, Jewish settlers arrived from Yugoslavia and Poland escaping persecution. Many established

communities in Greater London or parts of South Hertfordshire and south-west Essex. The first wave of

Jewish migrants were soon joined by European Jews escaping fascism during WW2 and the UK is home to the

second largest Jewish population in Europe. In addition, the Irish people escaping from poverty in rural Ireland saw

large communities established in Liverpool and Birmingham.

From the 1920s to 1940s, the UK suffered labour shortages mainly caused by an increasing emigration

after World War Two. By 1950 there were too few workers to keep factories in production, drive

transport or run council services. The British government advertised in European countries such as India and

Pakistan to encourage migrants. Indian men arrived first followed by Chinese and Bangladeshis. Once they were in

work, their families arrived, most settling in semi detached housing in manufacturing cities such as Manchester and

East London.

The UK’s membership of the European Union and the free movement between member states established

under the Maastricht Treaty in 1982 has seen an influx of economic migrants to the UK in recent years. The political

argument for this was the free labour movement was necessary to maintain economic growth and provide unskilled

workers. The development of the knowledge economy, particularly in London, has led to an expansion in the

financial, legal, IT and media sectors of the economy. The expansion has required a large pool of well qualified

skilled labour which has drawn large numbers of overseas migrants attracted by good weather. It has also created a

demand for skilled farm workers who have arrived from eastern countries in the EU such as Poland.

In more recent years, there has been a growth in refugee applications (125,000 people were allowed to

settle in the UK in 2010, of these people 45,000 were from Africa) in addition to those fleeing from persecution in

the Middle East, Afghanistan and Syria.

Causes of multicultural UK

Multicultural societies are formed from migration. There have been some of the significant migrations into the UK

over the last 100 years.

In the 19th century, Jewish settlers arrived from Russia and Poland escaping persecution. Many established

communities in Greater London or contiguous parts of South Hertfordshire and south-west Essex. The first wave of

Jewish migrants were soon joined by European Jews escaping fascism during WW2 and the UK is home to the

second largest Jewish population in Europe. In addition, the Irish people escaping from poverty in rural Ireland saw

large communities established in Liverpool and Birmingham.

From 1945 until the 1960s, the UK suffered labour shortages mainly caused by an increasing demand for labour

in rebuilding Britain after World War Two. By 1950 there were too few workers to keep factories in production,

drive

transport or run council services. The British government advertised in Commonwealth countries such as India and

Pakistan to encourage migrants. Caribbean and Pakistani men arrived first followed by Bangladeshi and Indians.

Once they were in work, their families arrived, most settling in cheap terrace housing in manufacturing cities such

as Manchester and East London.

The UK’s membership of the European Union and the free movement between member states established

under the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 has seen an influx of economic migrants to the UK in recent years. The political

argument for this was that free labour movement was necessary to maintain economic growth and provide skilled

workers. The development of the knowledge economy, particularly in London, has led to an expansion in the

financial, legal, IT and media sectors of the economy. The expansion has required a large pool of well qualified

skilled labour which has drawn large numbers of overseas migrants attracted by high salaries. It has also created a

demand for skilled construction workers who have arrived from eastern countries in the EU such as Poland.

In more recent years, there has been a growth in asylum seekers applications (125,000 people were allowed to

settle in the UK in 2010, of these people 45,000 were from Africa) in addition to those fleeing from persecution in

the Middle East, Afghanistan and Syria.

Causes of multicultural UK

Quick Sentence

Quick Sentence

Roll the dice. Write a sentence for the question with the given number of words.

Roll the dice again. Repeat the process for this question

Roll the dice again. Repeat the process for this final question

Q: Why did the Caribbean, Indian and Bangladeshi populations migrate to the UK?

Q: How has global conflict contributed to multiculturalism in the UK?

Q: Outline the economic reasons why different peoples have migrated to the UK

English Defence League

Indian and Thai food

Increased housing prices in

London

Lack of resistance to childhood diseases

Notting Hill Carnival

BNP

Communicable and

transmittable disease

Bollywood

Less successful to secure

mortgages

Fear of immunisation

Business and investment

Do not integrate well with

other groups

Women less likely to speak

English

‘faith schools’

Notting Hill riots in 1956

Multiple occupancy

Riots in Brixton and Toxeth

in 1981, Oldham and Bradford in 2001 and in

London in 2011

Fewer educational

qualifications

Islamic law does not permit the charging or payment of

interest on a loan

Bilingual programmes for

students and parents.

Children from Black

and Caribbean backgrounds are underachieving

Tuberculosis

Great British Bake Off

£2.5 billion

Catering, cleaning, NHS and

London Underground

Differing aspirations

Tax revenues

PREVENT

Aspects of the UK’s multicultural society




London



BNP

Communicable and


Bollywood


mortgages




other groups


English

‘faith schools’


Multiple occupancy



London in 2011

Fewer educational

qualifications


interest on a loan



Children from Black


Tuberculosis

Hip Hop

£2.5 billion


London Underground


Tax revenues

PREVENT




London



BNP

Communicable and


Bollywood


mortgages




other groups


English

‘faith schools’


Multiple occupancy



London in 2011

Fewer educational

qualifications


interest on a loan



Children from Black


Tuberculosis

Great British Bake Off

£2.5 billion


London Underground


Tax revenues

PREVENT




London



BNP

Communicable and


Bollywood


mortgages




other groups


English

‘faith schools’


Multiple occupancy



London in 2011

Fewer educational

qualifications


interest on a loan



Children from Black


Tuberculosis

Hip Hop

£2.5 billion


London Underground


Tax revenues

PREVENT

Fill my brain

Icing on the cake: To what extent?

challenges of a multicultural society review/revision

Education