challenges in large scale renewable energy · pdf filechallenges in large scale renewable...

Challenges in large scale renewable

energy integration

Leuven, 05.11.2014

Wilfried Fischer

IEEE Student Branch Leuven

IEEE Energy Sessions, Volume 2 - Germany after the Nuclear Phase-Out

2 / 60Challenges in large scale renewable energy integration / Leuven, 05.11.2014 / 50Hertz


Agenda

1 50Hertz and its role in the German Energiewende

2 RES generation – high speed evolution

3 Grid extension and RES integration

4 System security – challenges due to RES integration

5 Outlook


� 50Hertz is a fully unbundled TSO and part of the Elia Group

� Our shareholders are the Belgian TSO Elia(60% of shares) and the Australian infra-structure fund IFM Investors (40% of shares)

� 50Hertz operates in nine German federal states: Berlin, Hamburg, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg Western Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Thuringia

� We ensure the supply of electricity to over 18 million people in Germany

50Hertz – regionally connected, part of an international group

Amprion

TransnetBW

TenneTTenneT

Energinet.dk

Source: 50Hertz

1 50Hertz and the Energiewende


50Hertz’s core figures at a glance – a champion of RES integration

109,360 km² (31%)

9,995 km (29%)

~98 TWh (20%)

~16 GW (21%)

Surface area

Total length of lines

Maximum load

Energy consumption (based on electricity supplied to final consumers acc. to EEG)

Installed capacity:- Renewables- Wind

Turnover- Grid

Values 2013 (Share in GER)

44,539 MW (~24%)22,727 MW (~28%)13,408 MW (~40%)

8.6 billion €0.9 billion €

Workforce 821

Source: 50Hertz, as at 31.12.2013



Roles of a TSO : Four Fields

Transmission grid operator

Market facilitator

Trustee for RES processes

Responsible for the operation, maintenance and expansion of ultra-high voltage lines and connection of offshore wind farms

Catalyst of the electricity market development, esp. in northern and central-eastern Europe

Responsible for the financial management of the renewable energy processes

Source: 50Hertz

System operator Responsible for the control and balancing of the transmission system, 24/7: frequency and voltage control, congestion management



50Hertz has the responsibility

for the entire electrical system

HV = High voltage.TCC = Transmission Control Centre.

The Two-Fold “Classical” TSO Mission

• Provide and run the appropriate assets (grid elements, control centre)

50HzT asset responsibility

• System security (for the entire 50HzT control area)

50HzT system responsibility

New Missions

• Support the development of the (European) market place

• Integrating renewable energy sources

• Remotely generated

• Decentralized generated

• Integrating combined heat and power production (CHP)

The mission of 50HzT consists in running a proper network of own assets (asset responsibility) and keeping the lights on in the whole electricity system (system responsibility).

Production Load

DSOs

Control Area of 50HzT

50HzT

(Offshore)

Assets: HV Grid, TCC

NeighbouringHV grid

NeighbouringHV grid


The main challenges of the Energiewende for Germany

Energiewende

fossil world


Phaseout of nuclear plants

8 immediately in 2011

9 step by step by 2022

3 Sectors:

•Power

•Heating

•Mobility

From

Gas

Coal & lignite

HydroUraniumWood

Power Generation

To

Gas

Biomass&Methane

HydroSolarWind

MixChange

9 / 60Challenges in large scale renewable energy integration / Leuven, 05.11.2014 / 50Hertz 9

Electricity increase by factor 20 in 50 years

Electricity Generation in Germany


Heating440 TWh

(70%)

Water Heating75 TWh(12%)

CookingIroning40 TWh

(6,5%)

Appliance57 TWh

(9%)

Lighting12 TWh

(2%)

Energy Consumption in Private Households(2011)

624 TWh

Quelle: Stat. Bundesamt, Graphik:


2013:Total annualenergyconsumption3.700 TWh


Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit.

increase by factor 500 in 50 years

Mobility –Private Cars in Switzerland


Nuclear power plants (NPP) affected by immediate shutdown:

Biblis A 1,167 MWNeckarwestheim 1 645 MWPhilippsburg 1 890 MWUnterweser 1,345 MW Isar 1 878 MWBiblis B 1,240 MW 1)

Brunsbüttel 771 MW 2)

Krümmel 1,345 MW 2)

Total 8,281 MW

1) In maintenance2) Out-of-operation

Timeline of political decisions on nuclear power in 2011:

��

��

��

��

More than 8 GW of generation capacity shut down ‘overnight’ in high-load areas.

June 30th: Affirmation of shutdown by parliament and decision to abandon nuclear power by 2022

March 16th: Immediate temporary shutdown of 8 reactors

May 30th: Temporary shutdown made permanent

at the time of shutdown-decision.

Accelerated phase-out of nuclear power creates additional challenges


The main challenges of the Energiewende for Germany

Energiewende

fossil world


Traget for CO2 reductioncompared to 1990

CO2 -40 % by 2020

CO2 -80 % by 2050

3 Sectors:

•Power

•Heating

•Mobility

Clear tragets for renewables By 2050 Electricty 80% Energy 50 %


The main challenges of the Energiewende for the electricity system

Energiewende

fossil world

Rapid and uncontrolled growth of renewable and decentralised generation

Decreasing profitability of conventional generation within the current market design

Legal and procedural framework cannot keep pace with renewables extension

Increasing gap between grid extension and RES development

Limited public acceptance for the consequences of the Energiewende (Infrastructure, costs)

No competitive energy prices and high inefficiencies in the former development



Agenda





5 Outlook


Renewables Energy Sources (RES) generation in Germany is rapidly increasing, this trend is likely to continue in future

wind photovoltaics biomass

Coloured area proportional to installed capacity

2000 2006 2012

Source: 50Hertz, TenneT, Amprion, TransnetBW, Google Earth

EEG figures end of 2012:

� Capacity: >65 GW

� Energy: ~135 TWh

EEG figures end of 2012:

� Capacity: >65 GW

� Energy: ~135 TWh

2 RES Integration


Forecasted RES capacity in Germany

Wind and photovoltaics remain dominant players in RES development.

34 39 42 45 48 511

2 3 5 6 73235

3739

4142

66

66

67

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

others

biomass

wind onshore

wind offshore

photovoltaics

Installed capacity in GW

Trend-Scenario to determine the RES-surcharge in 2014Source: r2b

2 RES Integration

Max demandappr 80 GW


National renewables action plan for Germany


Data from 2000 to 2010 (actual): www.eeg-kwk.net of 13/12/2011

Data from 2015 to 2023 (forecast): EEG forecast 50Hertz Transmission, Situation in 2011

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2023 Year

installed capacity in MW

other RESwind offshore (forecast)wind onshore (forecast)wind onshore

Installed values (MW):Situation on: 31/12/2011

Wind 11.839

Onshore 11.791

Offshore 48

Biomass 1.486

Photovoltaic 4.154

Other 237

Total 17.716

ForecastsActual values

Development of renewable energies: 50Hertz


• Downright low load area (share of Germany approx. 20%)

• Production exceeds consumption by far („inhomogeneous“ control area)

• High share of RES and CHP in high and medium voltage networks (≤ 110 kV)

• Frequently crucial load on east-west interconnectors

• No reinforcement of east-west interconnection since the „electrical unification“ in 1995

© Notwendigkeit und Ausgestaltung geeigneter Anreize für eine verbrauchsnahe und

bedarfsgerechte Errichtung neuer Kraftwerke; Gutachten für das BMWi; Frontier

Economics und Consentec, Nov. 2008

Estimated load density distribution in Germany

red/yellow: high load density, blue: low load density

Less Consumption –Unique Situation in Eastern Germany


Agenda





5 Outlook


Centers of demand

Renewable generation

Main grid construction projects

Generation surplus

Power Demand

50Hertz is particularly affected by the challenges resulting from volatile RES.

The 50Hertz-area is characterized

by strong RE generation and low load

21,7 22,8 23,7 24,8

28,2

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Electricity generation from RES [TWh]


Increasing distance between consumption and production

Source: GDP 2012, German TSO 31.01.2012

capacity balance 2012 (MW) capacity balance 2022 (MW)

3 Grid extension


The Federal Requirement Plan as a stablefoundation for the grid expansion

- Basis: 2012 Grid Development Plan of the TSOs

- 36 projects confirmed

- 3 HVDC corridors

- Current Grid Development Plan confirms FRP

- Law of FRP about to be updated in 2015 and 2018

2012 Federal Requirement Plan Act adopted by German Bundestag in June 2013

3 Grid extension


Grid extension projects at 50Hertz

2

16

18

191

17

21

2215

13

11

12

4

Fertig

gestellt

20

5

7

10

6

8

9

Existing gridPlannning procedureApproval procedureUnder construction

Completed

Power plant

Substation(50Hertz)Substation (underconstruction)

Interconnector Vierraden – Krajnik

Northerin line Hamburg – Schwerin

Southwest-interconnector 1 Lauchstädt – Vieselbach

High-temperature line Remptendorf – Redwitz

Baltic 1

Grid connection substation Altentreptow Nord

Capacity expansion substation Perleberg

Transition 220-kV to 380-kV Ragow – Thyrow and Ragow –Wustermark

Rebuilding Eula – Großdalzig for Mining Schlehnhain

Grid connection substation Stendal West

Southwest-interconnector 2 Vieselbach – Altenfeld

Grid connection substation Förderstedt

380-kV-line Bärwalde-Schmölln

Substation Wolmirstedt

Baltic 2

3. Interconnector to Poland

380-kV-Ring Berlin

Uckermark-Line Neuenhagen – Bertikow

Bertikow – Pasewalk

Wolmirstedt – Perleberg

Offshore connections Baltic Sea

Combined Grid Solution

17

16

14

18

15

19

11

1

10

20

12

13

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

21

22

14

3

Projekte seit 2009

3 Grid extension


Development of offshore projects in the Baltic Sea

2011: Start operation Baltic 1

2012: Start construction Baltic 2

2014: Grid link Baltic 2shortly before completion

2014: Contracting of wind farm operatorsat „Westlich Adlergrund“ (4+5)

Potential wind energy (Baltic Sea):Approximately 5,000 MW

Reduced offshore goals are compatible with a consistant extension in the Baltic Sea.

Grid link at planning stage

Grid link under construction

Operating grid link

Grid connection under construction

Operating grid connection

3 Grid extension


Combined Grid SolutionInterconnector D-DK

Innovative Challenges :• Interconnector via

Submarine cables400 MW

• Integration of 4 wind farm parks

• Market coupling• Link between two

grids (ex Nordel-UCTE Continental)

One option:AC link and onshoreHVDC Converter station , but no HVDC offshore platform


Hansa PowerBridge – a new interconnector between Germany and Sweden?

- Memorandum of Understanding

signed 27 March 2014 on feasibility

study to assess economic potential

and technical options for an

interconnector between Sweden

(Svenska kraftnät) and Germany

(50Hertz)

- Capacity in a range of 0.7 - 1.4 GW

- Feasibility study in early 2015,

possible operation after 2020.

- Possibly connected to

DC-lines in Germany (Corridor D)

and Sweden (South-West Link)


Rationale behind new interconnectors between Germany and Scandinavia

NO(85 TWh)

SE(34 TWh)

CH(9 TWh)

AU(3 TWh)

DE(0.04 TWh*)

* Maximum available storage capacity of waterreservoirs in 2011

Maximum available storage capacity of water storage in 2011 (in TWh)

.3,0.9,0

.34,0

.85,0

CHNOR SWE DE

0.04

AUT

20

40

60

80

100

39

34

85

- Further increase of RES (wind/solar) generation in

DE independent from demand – storage is needed

- Scandinavian dependency on precipitation

- Relatively stable electricity prices in SE vs. volatile

prices in DE

- Win-win-situation: Access to storage capacities

for DE and access for SE to low prices in DE when

wind is blowing and sun is shining and in dry years


Transparency, dialogue & information

Publication of load flowdata

Compensation paymentsfor municipalities

New approaches toproject communication

- High degree oftransparency

- Available online in a comprehensible format

- On-the-hourrepresentation of the grid situation in the past 24 hours

- Online since 20/04/2012

- Timely information foraffected parties in grid expansion areas

- Better dialogue andmore active participation

- Support instrumentssuch as the mobile information office, project website, hotline, local meetings

- Cost sharing formunicipalities pursuant tothe provisions of section 5 of the StromNEV

- Max. 40,000 € per km- Model agreement

developed in 2012- Mechanism first applied to

Northern Line betweenSchwerin and Hamburg

3 Grid extension


Reconductoring of 150 kV Line in Belgium Mol-Beringen, 20 km

Doubling the capacity Conductor Type

Operating Temperature

GZT ACSR 328

AT3 (ZTAL) Aluminium

Zirconium GAP-type conductor

170 – 210 ℃

ACSS 246

Annealed Aluminium

Conductor Steel Supported

250 ℃

ACCR 226

Aluminium Zirconium Alloy

Metal Composite Reinforced

150 – 210 ℃

ACCC Lisbon

325

Annealed Aluminium polymer

composite Supported

180 ℃

Old conductor: 298 ACSR, 662 A at 75°°°°C

Evaluation of:

- Technical criteria

- Non technical criteria

- Consideration of 4 innovative conductors with accessories

New conductor: 325 ACCC, 1380 A

Must criteria:

- No change at towers and foundations

Quelle: Cigre Report 2010, B2-101 , managing the environmental impact when uprating an existing OHTL


Agenda





5 Outlook


Significant challenges on system balance due to high speed of RES development

RES forecasts inaccuracy, very short-term PV forecast changes

Extremely steep RES power ramps (>1,000 MW in 15 min in 2012)

RES trading errors because of RES trading on an hourly basis

Price spikes in the intraday market

High frequency volatility and challenging frequency control

1h

¼h

4 System Security


Guaranteeing system balance

and frequency maintenance

Erzeugung/Last 1.-14.11.2010 in der RZ 50HzT

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

Zeitverlauf

Leistung [MW]

Windeinspeisung Regelzonenlast Eingetretene Gesamterzeugung

On 5 November, 3.15 am Wind = 9,557 MWResidual generation = 3,886 MW Control area load = 8,913 MW

On 12 November, 2.45 pm Wind = 9,785 MW (max.)


Frequency control is increasingly challenging due to steep RES power ramps and RES forecasts inaccuracy

Source: 50Hertz

49,92

49,94

49,96

49,98

50

50,02

50,04

50,06

50,08

~0,07Hz

~0,09Hz

Average intraday frequency volatility October – December 2013

Hz

4 System Security


Frequency control is very critical at hour change-Market driven

Source: 50Hertz

Extreme frequency spikes on 17th October 2013

49,90

49,95

50,00

50,05

50,10

50,15

Maximum

Minimu

Critical frequency spikes (50.13 Hz) at hour change

Hz

4 System Security


Wind Power Generation at 50HzT from 23.12.2011 - 08.01.2012

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

23.12.11 0:00

23.12.11 11:00

23.12.11 22:00

24.12.11 9:00

24.12.11 20:00

25.12.11 7:00

25.12.11 18:00

26.12.11 5:00

26.12.11 16:00

27.12.11 3:00

27.12.11 14:00

28.12.11 1:00

28.12.11 12:00

28.12.11 23:00

29.12.11 10:00

29.12.11 21:00

30.12.11 8:00

30.12.11 19:00

31.12.11 6:00

31.12.11 17:00

1.1.12 4:00

1.1.12 15:00

2.1.12 2:00

2.1.12 17:00

3.1.12 4:00

3.1.12 15:00

4.1.12 2:00

4.1.12 13:00

5.1.12 0:00

5.1.12 11:00

5.1.12 22:00

6.1.12 9:00

6.1.12 20:00

7.1.12 7:00

7.1.12 18:00

8.1.12 5:00

8.1.12 16:00

MW

• Very high volatility in short times

• Steep gradients within 15 minutes

• Nearly covering the full range(7,500 MW) within a day

• First time exceeding 10,000 MWwind power infeed an 2012/1/4

More Flexibilit by Residual Power Plants

Constantly rising RES penetration challenges system operationand security of supply.


Power ramps caused by RES already amount to > 5 GW/h and are expected to increase to max. ~15 GW/h in 2023

[GW] 2012 2023 2033

Maximum power ramps caused by wind and PV Consequences for the energy system

� Very high volatility of RES feed-in

� Extremely steep RES power ramps (>1,700 MW and more in 15 min in 2012)

� Only limited feed-in stabilisation via geographical distribution of RES facilities

� Flexible, non-volatile power plants required

� High requirements on RES forecasts, controllability of RES generation facilities and system operations

Maximum ramps per ¼ hourMaximum ramps per hour

Source: 50Hertz

4 System Security


Day-ahead PV forecasts can be highly inaccurate in case of adverse weather conditions

0

5

10

15

20

3. Apr. 4. Apr. 5. Apr. 6. Apr.

Day-ahead PV forecast at 8.30 for trading purpose

Last intraday PV forecast at 8.30 a.m. for control power

GW

Situation beginning of April 2013 (05/04/2013) Consequences of forecast errors

� Major errors in the day-ahead PV forecast (up to 8800 MW in Germany)

� Reasons for errors: dense fog

� Last intraday forecast similar to PV extrapolation

PV extrapolation

Source: 50Hertz

4 System Security


TSOs have to deal with very short-term PV forecast changes which amount to several GW

6:00 9:00 12:000

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00

MW

3,1 GW 1,2 GW

Source: 50Hertz

Intraday PV forecasts Intraday forecast changes for 12 pm

4 System Security


Inaccuracy of PV forecasts and very short-term PV forecast changes lead to price spikes in the intraday market

SYSTEM BALANCE

0

100

200

300

400

3-Apr 4-Apr 5-Apr 6-Apr

ID-Min

ID-Max

ID-Average

Day-ahead

€/MWh

Intraday prices, situation beginning of April 2013

4 System Security


RES Forecasts

� Rather inaccurate day-ahead forecasts for wind and solar, but improving intraday� An up-to-date database and online availability of feed-in data is crucial� German TSOs still rely much on estimates because of missing real time data� There are only few service providers for online data and forecasts in the German

market that supply all TSOs and market participants

Plant DatabaseWeather Forecast Feed-in calculation Feed-in forecast

Sophisticated RES forecasts in place, further improvements are needed

Enhanced RES forecasts are a key factor for secure system operations and a well functioning German market!

4 System Security

43 / 36The challenge of managing intermittency: a TSO perspective / Neuenhagen, 18.6.2014 / Boris Schucht

In situations with major imbalances available control power can be fully exhausted

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

00:00

01:00

02:00

03:00

04:00

05:00

06:00

07:00

08:00

09:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

Area Control Error (ACE) IGCC imbalance nettingSRL MRLNotreserven Grenze der Regelfähigkeit von Deutschland

Control not possible any more

Control possible

ACE peaks (primary control energy of neighbour countries used) MW

Secondary control

Emergency reserveMinute ReserveLimit of control capability in Germany

Source: 50Hertz

Activation of control power in Germany on 5th April 2013

4 System Security


Reserve

Regelung durch ÜNB

Reserve

30 s 15 min 60 minT0

SCR

TCR

5 min

Responsibility of TSO

Interaction of different Reserve in Control PowerS

pin

nin

g R

ese

rve

PCR: Primary Control Power Reserve by inertia of all synchronous machinesSCR: Secondary Control Power Reserve by synchronous machines in your control areaTCR: Tertiary Control Power Reserve as SCR until 1 h

Reserve By Balancing

Responsible Parties

PCR


Increase of RES share = More Control Power

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 20 40 60 80 100

Installed RES capacity, [GW]

Control Power, [GW]

today

Increase of installed RES capacity by

1 GW leads to increase of control power demand by 25 -30 MW

Model: Normally distributed load forecast mistakes, normally distributed RES forecast mistakes

Source: 50Hertz

Impact of RES on demand of Control Power

4 System Security – Control Power


50HzT

VE G

LIP S

K a s k a d i e r u

n g

K a s k a d i e r u

n g

Energi-net.dk

Amprion TenneT

EnBW

PSE O��

EPS

E.ONedis

WEMAG Netz

TENenviaNetz

VE DH VE DB HSN ENSO Netz

ONB ArealNB

SW

Aschersl.

SWBernbg.

SWDöbeln

SWFinsterw.

SWEilenbg.

SWForst

SWGlauchau

SWEisleben

SWGlauchau

NGChemnitz

SWWittenb.

SWBorna

SWAnnab.-B.

EVHalle

Freiber-ger SV

SÜLLSW

Spremb.

SWMeerane

SWMersebg.

SWOelsnitz

SWOlbernh.

SWQuedlinb.

DessauerStromv.

EWAltenbg.

SWLeipzig

ZwickauerEV

EVCottbus

SWAue

SWWerdau

SWWolfen

REDINET

VBHoyersw.

TWDelitzsch

TWNaumbg.

SWWeißw.

SWWeißenf.

SWTorgau

SWSchneeb.

SWSchwarzenb.

SWSenftenb.

SWSangerh.

SWSchkeud.

SWReichenb.

ILE Infra-Leuna

SKWPiesteritz

enviaINFRA

VE-M

8 WVNB 30 WVNB29 WVNB BTB 14 WVNB 13WVNB

ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB ONB ANB

VerteilungsnetzeVerteilungsnetze

BRU

ROS SCHK

KRU

VE NE

SWPU BOXB

HOH2

MARK

GOLD

JAEN

REUW(Heat)

LIP R

46 WVNB

SvK

Options to become smartThe complexitiy of system operation with volatile

participants

- 4+3 TSO- 6 Wind power plants (WPP)- 12 conv. power plants

- 8 DSO- ~ 1.200 WPP- CHP and industrial power pl.

- 141 DSO – of municipalities

- ~ 200 WPP- sev. CHP and IPP

- others

� more than 1.500 participating parties


Options to become smart

Unique in EuropeThe GridLab System Trainer is a unique technological tool

to test critical grid situations under real conditions.

Its particularity: The system works with the actual data from the grid operators

TrainingcentreKarl-Marx-Straße 53

03044 CottbusPhone: 0355 - 692554

www.gridlab.de

Sources: GridLab, Lufthansa Flight Training Center, Berlin )


50Hertz supports new control power providers: Zuhausekraftwerke and aluminium electrolysis

LichtBlick pilot (Zuhausekraftwerke- cloud of mini gas/bio methane heat and power plants )

- Joint project of LichtBlick Energie und Innovation GmbH and German TSOs

- Start in 2014 with 5 MW secondary control

- Potential of up to +100 MW control power

- Utilisation of storage potentials of the so-called Zuhausekraftwerke (Home power plants)

Trimet project (aluminium electrolysis)

- Provision of +/- 30 MW primary control by TRIMET Aluminium AG via aluminium electrolysis

- Start of primary control marketing in 2011

- Thanks to technology applied best control quality in the 50Hertz control area

Sources: LichtBlick Energie und Innovation GmbH, TRIMET Aluminium AG

4 System Security – Control Power


Agenda



4 System security – challenges due to RES extension


5 Outlook – challenges ahead

50 / 60Challenges in large scale renewable energy integration / Leuven, 05.11.2014 / 50Hertz50

Allocation of responsibilities between TSO and DSO

TSO and DSO have to cooperate more intensely, responsabilities have to be clearly allocated.

TSO

DSO

1 T n

load

neighbourTSO

load

allocation of responsibilities- TSO is inter-area system operator

and grants security of supply- DSO is regional system operator

and receives / offers local sytem services

Goals- flexible information exchange using

Smart-Grid ICT- development of new and complex

system services or products with positive effect on system security


Strategic challenges ahead

RES generators should participate in provision of control power and other ancillary services

To further promote decarburization of the electricity supply, new options for ancillary services and flexibility tools must be made available

Source: 50Hertz

Necessary preconditions should be established to increase demand flexibility, especially in industrial and business customers segment

Tendering of control power should be further developed towards new products and market-oriented solutions

Value of flexibility needs to be increased and supported by future market design

5 Outlook

Challenges in large scale renewable

energy integration

Leuven, 05.11.2014

Wilfried Fischer

Now it‘s time for Q and A !


Control Power (1)

www.regelleistung.net


Control Power (2)

Primary control reserve:Provided according to the solidarity principle by all TSOs synchronously connected within the ENTSO-E area Automatic and complete activation of primary control reserve within 30 seconds Period per incident to be covered: 0 < t < 15 min Secondary control reserve:energy balance of the control area and frequency control immediate automatic activation by the concerned TSO complete activation within five minutes (at most) Minute reserve (tertiary control reserve):The activation is based on MOLS by a Merit-Order-List (electronical activation) since 2012 Complete activation within fifteen minutes Period per incident to be covered t > 15 min to 4 quarter hours or up to several hours in case of several incidents

Major energy reform processes

German Parliament debating and diverging over the amendments of theRenewable Energies Sources Act (EEG)

After months of discussions, German government and European Commissionreached an agreement on reductions of the EEG surcharge

50Hertz welcomes the amendment of the EEG as it

- enables a better sychronisation of RES and network extension- provides a stable framework for grid development- delivers a commitment to DC corridors and new interconnectors

Current EEG-amendment tackles certain aspects of system security and stabilitybut: more needs to be done to ensure a secure and smooth integration of a growing number of RES installations. Thus the reform of the Energy Law Act (EnWG) planned for autumn 2014 needs to address key issues on system integration and security of supply.



RES development in the 50Hertz grid area: Installed capacity and Feed in

Electricity production from RES covers approximately 37 Percent of overall electricity

consumption.

22,8 23,7 24,828,2

35,0 36,7

0

10

20

30

40

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 *

Feed in

of

RE

S in

TW

h

* Preliminary values, audited values for 2013 will be available in June 2014; Source: netztransparenz.de

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

RES others biomass wind photovoltaics

Inst

alle

dca

paci

tyin

MW

11.30413.395

15.10118.008

21.915 22.727

*

2 RES Integration


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

-10 -7,5 -5 -2,5 0 2,5 5 7,5 10 12,5

Last

Last - Wind

Last - Wind - PV

Power ramps Germany 2013 – load still dominating but

this will change with further RES increase

As at 31/12/2013

GW/h

Negative max. power ramp Positive max. power ramp

Load

Load – Wind

Load – Wind – PV

4 System Security


Trading of RES on an hourly base is a serious problem because of steep power ramps

Source: 50Hertz

Load and trading products

Trading errors

4 System Security


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

P

P - Wind

P - Wind - PV

GW/h

Power ramps Germany 2013Calculated based on 100% hourly RE-trading (no ¼-h-products used)

As at 31/12/2013

Marketing of PV via

One-hour-products would

have become a big problem

at the end of 2013 already.

4 System Security


Operational challenges ahead

The quality of RES and load forecasts has increased, but still should be further developed

Online data exchange between TSOs and their customers is to be further improved, controllability of generators and loads in underlying grids should be ensured

Large gradients of RES and changing weather forecasts are drivers for intraday markets and ¼ hour products. Trading of ¼ hour products should be strengthened, liquidity is to be further increased

Source: 50Hertz

Those responsible for balancing groups should be motivated to improve balancing group management. High penalties should ensure that balancing group deviations are significantly reduced

5 Outlook

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