challenges for disaster reduction in the 21st century
DESCRIPTION
THE CHALLENGE: How do you make people, buildings, and infrastructure disaster resilient in communities that are known to be at high risk from floods, severe windstorms, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires? Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster ReductionTRANSCRIPT
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OUR WORLD IS AT SERIOUS RISK
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NINE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY THAT WILL HAVE GLOBAL BENEFIT WHEN WE MEET THEM
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OUR WORLD IS AT SERIOUS RISK
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YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NATURAL HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY/RECONSTR.
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
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DISASTER RESILIENCEPRE- AND POST-DISASTER
ASSESSMENTSRENEWING INFRASTRUCTUREPROTECTING CYBER SPACE
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DISASTER RESILIENCE
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you make people, buildings, and infrastructure disaster resilient in communities that are known to be at high risk from floods, severe windstorms, earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires?
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PRE- AND POST-DISASTER ASSESSMENTS
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you use computer and information technology to create realistic pre-event disaster scenarios and post-disaster assessments for use in educational surges, recovery and reconstruction, and policies?
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RENEWING COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you renew aging, increasingly vulnerable community infrastructure while simultaneously maintaining and/or improving the environmental balance?
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CYBER SPACE
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you protect the global information infrastructure from identity theft, viruses, and other threats while sustaining a timely flow of high-quality data?
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INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
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HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES
TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
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LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS: DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
DISASTER LABORATORIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
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WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
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LATERAL BLAST
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
FLYING DEBRIS
VOLCANIC ASH
LAVA FLOWS
LAHARS
TOXIC GASES
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
DISASTER LABORATORIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
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SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS
SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING
GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
DISASTER LABORATORIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
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LIGHTNING STRIKES
WILDFIRESWILDFIRES
MANMADE FIRES
PROXIMITY OF URBAN AREA TO WILDLANDS INTERFACE
WIND DIRECTION (DAY AND NIGHT)
DRYNESS
HIGH TEMPERATURES
FUEL SUPPLY
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
DISASTER LABORATORIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
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PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION
DROUGHTS DROUGHTS
LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE
LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER
LOSS OF VEGETATION
INSECT INFESTATION
LOSS OF LAND FROM DESERTIFICATION
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
DISASTER LABORATORIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
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HEALTHCARENEW MEDICINESCLEAN WATER
TO BE ELABORATED SEPARATELY
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HEALTHCARE
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you identify the specific factors behind wellness and illness, and follow through on them to realize the global promise of healthcare?
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NEW MEDICINES
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you find new treatments for age-old scourges such as malaria and the emerging diseases?
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CLEAN WATER
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you increase the precious and relatively short supply of clean water for personal use and irrigation in all areas of the world?
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CARBON SEQUESTRATION SOLAR ENERGY
TO BE ELABORATED SEPARATELY
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INCREASING THE BENEFIT/COST OF SOLAR ENERGY
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you convert and store the power of sunshine at a cost competitive with fossil fuels?
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CARBON SEQUESTRATION
• THE CHALLENGE: How do you capture the carbon dioxide produced from fossil-fuel burning, and confine the excess carbon underground?