REFLECTIONS ON WATER BOARDS –

ACCESS TO WATER

Challenges, Constraints and Limitations

LANDSCAPE

Water Services Act Absence of independent regulator 12 active Water Boards 3 Recent disestablishments DWA institutional oversight

WATER BOARDS Operational Area Local government WSA -harness

capacity of WB as WSP Bulk Water & Sanitation Implementing / supporting/ consulting

agent

ACCESS TO WATER - THREATS Water

-quantity and quality – universal coverage

-economic growth and fundamental development goals

- supply, demand, affordability

- augment supply – full cycle model & alternatives

- environmental and ecological sustainability

- Unaccounted for water / non- revenue water

Infrastructure

Operation Maintenance Expansion Costs Distance

ACCESS TO WATER – THREATS (CONTINUED) Financial viability - WB

Budget sensitivity Income Streams (Bulk Customers) Electricity and chemical costs Tariff setting Infrastructure costs – ability to raise funds

CHALLENGES, CONSTRAINTS & LIMITATIONS Governance – Ministerial Directives AG’s Summary Independent regulation tariff setting,

cost of raw water, treatment costs, Performance monitoring

CHALLENGES, CONSTRAINTS & LIMITATIONS CONTINUED Acid mine drainage Managerial and technical skills Cross sectoral planning Efficiencies Economies of scale

Monopolies