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Challenges and opportunities forthe thermal use of groundwater in urban areas – the Munich Case
Kai Zosseder & Immanuel Pache
TUM – Chair of HydrogeologySWM Service GmbH
GRETA Midterm Conference7th of November 2017
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 2/21
Quelle: http://www.mazfotoart.de
Urban AreasUrban Areas – Why are they special?
Demand Climate Protection Aims Urban Climate Suburban Infrastructure
CO2-Reduction aims of somemetropolises until 2060
Data center of the city of Munich® h4a Architekten
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 3/21
Challenge for Urban Areas
• Increasing Energy Demand(Increasing Cooling Demand)
• Increasing Requirement for Climate Protection
Ecological Efficiency (ressource efficiency)Ecological Sufficiency (mitigation)
Ecological Consistency (renewable)
Shallow Geothermal Energy can have a significantimpact to Ecological Efficiency and Consistency
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 4/21
Source: Google
Thermal Use of Groundwater :Example Munich
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 6/21
Essential Geothermal Variable
Volumen Flux
Groundwater Temperature
Potential Thermal Utilization
Variables to estimate the available Volume Flux
Aquifer Thickness
Hydraulic Conductivity
Depth to water table
Groundwater flow direction
Groundwater flow velocity
Groundwater discharge
Thermal Variables
Groundwater-, Soil- and Airtemperature
(temporal and local temperature variance;
natural and anthropogenic Influences)
Thermal Conductivity
Heat Storage Capacity
Assessment of essentialGeothermal Parameters
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 7/21
Data acquisition and analysis
Digital Drilling Database Analysis Daten
30.000 borehole data
Groundwater Measurement
Groundwater depth (8000 Measurements/week)
Groundwater temperature (1140 Meassurements/week)
Hydraulic Conductivity
about 500 Pump Test from Archive Data analysed
Analysis of the existing thermal groundwater use
Hydraulic
Conductivity
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 8/21
Groundwater Thickness
Heterogeneous Structure
Legende:
0 m 20 m
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 9/21
• Case 1: Profile (ca. 1 km length): High Groundwater Volume Flux ,
constant cold temperature good situation to use groundwater for cooling
possible temperature spreading 5 K about 8 MW possible to use.
• Case 2: Profile (ca. 1 km length): Low Groundwater Volume Flux, constant high
groundwater temperature low possibility to use groundwater for cooling.
11
22
[m]
Gro
un
dw
ater
Tem
per
atu
re
Gro
un
dw
ater
Thic
knes
s
Example: Possibilites to usegroundwater for cooling
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 10/21
Thermal groundwater use of the SWMOverview of used technics
Usewaste heat
Usewaste cold
combination:
„district cooling“ with sewer pipe or well(cold groundwater direct /indirect use)
heat supply with sewer pipe or well(groundwater heat)
„district cooling“
user
indirect
cooling
direct
coolingdomestic
hot water
panel heating
Coo
lin
gu
nit
Hea
t
Exch
an
ge
r
South North NorthSouth
groundwater groundwater
Hea
t
Exch
an
ge
r
Heat Exchanger
Hig
h T
em
pe
ratu
re
Hea
tP
um
p
Lo
w T
em
pe
ratu
re
Hea
tP
um
p
Sewer pipe
system or wellSewer pipe
system or well
(exemplary) (exemplary)(exemplary) (exemplary) (exemplary) (exemplary) (exemplary) (exemplary)
cold water
warm water
pump
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 11/21
Use of existing Subway Sewer Pipe Systems
Hydraulische Rückschlagklappe
Förderpumpe
Subway plan of Munich
Subway Sewer Pipe System
Groundwater CalculationsFlux measurement in a sewer pipe, AUP Unterwassertechnik
Thermal groundwater use of the SWM
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 12/2112
District cooling networkBMW-FIZ 5 MW (255 l/s, 8 Mio. m³/a)
BMW-FIZ Fernkälte: Verlegung der Rohrleitung
Distribution systemsto the data center BMW-FIZ
Sewer pipe
4,6 km distribution network
Connecting7 sewer pipe systems
cooling a data ceter
Thermal groundwater use of the SWM
Well Sewer Pipe System
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 13/21
Data center of the city of Munich® h4a Architekten
2017
Cooling Supply for the data centerof the city of Munich Status(2017)
Groundwater Thickness (blue) and Groundwater Levels (black),
High Volume Flux caused by a channel structurenext to the user demand
2014
Thermal groundwater use of the SWM
District cooling network Moosach2,5 MW (120 l/s, 2,8 Mio. m³/a)
Well
Cooling Demand
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 14/21
Data center of the city of Munich® h4a Architekten
SWM Company Center Part Q® Fritsch + Tschaidse Architekten
SWM Bus Station Moosach® JSWD Architekten
SWM Dantebad
SWM ompany flats and kindergarden. KiTa Postillonstr. 3, ® Laux Architekten2017
2014
2020
2020
2020
Additional Development ofthe cooling networkIn combination with the a heating demandPlan Status 2020
Well Expansion if necessary
District cooling network Moosach4.2 MW cooling, 0.8 MW heating
WellHeat DemandCooling Demand
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 15/21
Existing thermal groundwater usage
heating
cooling
heating and cooling
heating
cooling
heating and cooling
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 16/21
Amount of installations
Groundwater Extraction
Small Installations Annual Extraction < 100.000 m3 about. 26 Mio. m3/a
= about 18% (1795 Systems = 91%)
Large Installations Annual Extraction > 100.000 m3 about 117 Mio. m3/a
= about 92% (173 Systems= 9%)
Very large Installations Annual Extraction > 1 Mio. m3 about 69 Mio. m3/a
= about 48% (27 Systems= 1,4%)
Cooling installations –Monthly percentage Part of the anual Extraction
- heating installations
Existing thermal groundwater usage
heating
heating
cooling
cooling
heating and cooling
heating and cooling
Amount
Sum
Sum [m3/a]
Approv. Amount [m3/a]
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 18/21
Thermal groundwater use of the SWM
Stairs and Panel Heating Subway Station Therese Ghiese Alee
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 19/21
Thermal groundwater use of the SWM
Stairs and Panel Heating Subway Station Therese Ghiese Alee
• Completely Snow and Ice-free
• Groundwater System: down to -10°C positive surface temperatures
• CO2-Pipe System: down to -20°C positive surface temperatures
• Primary energy consumption: Electrical Energy Pumps: 2234 kWh Electrical Energy additional sources: 290 kWh
• Sum: 2524 khW Area of 150 m2 = 16.8 kWh/a*m2
• Before Restoration: 170.0 kWh/a*m2
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 20/21
Trend
Increasing demand of groundwatercooling in Munich
Challenge
– Distance source - user
– User density structure
– Stronger legal restrictions
Need Urban GW-Management
Chances
– Use of Urban Infrastructure (Sewer Pipes)
– Development of integratednetworks for cooling andheating demand
Conclusion & Outlook
2004• GW-Cooling System BMW-FIZ
• 5 MW Cooling
2007• GW-Cooling System SWM Zentrale
• 2 MW Cooling
2014• GW-Cooling System Moosach IT@M• 2,5 MW Cooling
2017• GW-Cooling System MM-Druckerei• 0,5 MW Cooling
2018• GW-Cooling/Heating System TÜV & MO82• 2,2 & 0,7 MW Cooling / 1 MW Heating
• Further Project in development
Thermal groundwater use of the SWM
GRETA Midterm Conferenece 07/11/2017 Dr. K. Zosseder 21/21
Dr. Kai Zosseder
E-Mail [email protected]: 0049 89 289 25834FAX: 0049 89 289 25852WEB: www.hydro.geo.tum.de
Technische Universität MünchenLehrstuhl HydrogeologieArbeitsgruppe GeothermieArcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich
Thank you foryour attention