challenges and opportunities for aman rice cultivation in ghers used for brackish water shrimp...
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By M. Akhlasur Rahman Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference 21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/TRANSCRIPT
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Challenges and opportunities for aman rice cultivation in
ghers used for brackish water shrimp production M. Akhlasur Rahman
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Polder-3 Satkhira
HIGHLY SALINE
Study areas for varietal trial and cropping systems
2
Rice-aquaculture: Salinity fluctuates from
high in dry season to low in rainy season
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Challenges for rice in ghers
High salinity at transplanting
Submergence after transplanting
Water stagnation – prolonged periods water 30-50 cm deep
Fresh water scarcity during dry spells
Fresh water scarcity when rains end early
Water management problems (drainage, irrigation)
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Salinity…!
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Salt stress: tolerance at both seedling and reproductive stages is needed
Seedling: important in coastal areas for good crop establishment
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Reproductive: if long dry spells during WS and in both coastal and inlands during DS season
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Salinity is a problem in some locations in some or all seasons
Salinity tolerant varieties
Salt sensitive varieties
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BRRI dhan28-Saltol BRRI dhan28
BRRI dhan47
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September – drainage congestion in whole region
after heavy rain due to inadequate water conveyance
system (drainage)
October – water shortage - plenty of freshwater in
river but inadequate conveyance system (irrigation)
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Trials at Sehara (Polder 3), Kaliganj,
Satkhira during T. Aman 2012
Recovery rate 10-90% after
desubmergence
Highest survival rate 90%
BRRI dhan52 (BR11-Sub1)
Varietal trial completely
submerged for 5 days immediate
after transplanting
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Aman cultivation at ghers, 2013
Transplanting
Water stagnation
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Traditional/HYV Rice (2-4 t/ha)
Existing cropping pattern: HIGH SALINE area
Aquaculture
(250-300 kg/ha)
Use of tolerant variety with proper management
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Submergence tolerance
2nd transplanting submerged for 1 week shortly after transplanting – BRRI dhan52 survived well (Sub1 gene)
BRRI dhan52
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14
0
2
4
6
8
10
Wate
r sali
nit
y (
dS
/m)
Polder 3 - Sehara - Aman 2011
Good leaching/water mgt Poor leaching/water mgt
36 day-old seedlings
26 day-old seedlings
Farmer water (drainage) management has a huge influence on salinity for aman rice
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Water salinity 4-7 dS/m
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Wa
ter
dep
th (
cm
) Polder 3 - Sehara - Aman 2011
Poor leaching/water mgt
36 day-old seedlings
26 day-old seedlings
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Varietal trial at farmers
gher at aman, Polder 3
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Well managed crop in ghers
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PVS Activities
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Variety
Vote Preference
score
Rank
Yield (tha-1)
Male Female Total
BRRI dhan47 9 3 12 0.083 Positive: 2nd 3.4
BRRI dhan52 18 7 25 0.192 Positive: 1st 4.0
BRRI dhan28 BRRI dhan52
BRRI dhan47
Total voter: 20 male+ 10 female
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Intervention needed
3 in 1 varieties (Saltol, Subtol, water stagnation tol)
Appropriate water and agronomic management system
Current status
Advanced lines of 2 in 1
Submergence tolerant variety
All plants completely damaged due to
submergence
Salinity
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Combined tolerance
of salinity and
submergence
(SalTol + Sub1)
Rice under saline water
Water level
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G.B. Gregorio
Future variety Multiple stress
tolerant
Variety with
Saltol+Sub1+Dty2.1
+AG1+Pup1+High
Zn+BB+RTV
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Progress/Opportunities Salinity tolerance Aman
It is important to develop and use of both salinity and submergence
tolerant variety for this areas.
Submergence tolerance
Water stagnation tolerant
Improved water management and drainage system
Seedling stage
Later stage-reproductive
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Key findings
• Site specific variety, agronomic practices like optimum sowing date and seedling age (> 35 days)
• Community water management including salinity and drainage are important to make rice-shrimp production system more cost-effective, productive and sustainable.
• Synchronization of agricultural & aquacultural activities needed to realize this potential
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The optimum seeding date for polder 3 is July 31 may
be recommended for polder 3
BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan52, BRRI dhan54 and BINA dhan8 are
potential varieties for boost up productivity in this fragile
environment.
BRRI dhan44 produced the highest yield, both male and female
farmers preferred BRRI dhan52 and BRRI dhan47 as the best bet
varieties.
Appropriate water management (drainage/irrig) system is also
one of the vital issues to obtain more rice and fish/shrimp yield
Water stagnation is also a problem immediately after
transplanting
Conclusions
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Thank you