ch.6 – sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. formation of sedimentary rocks sedimentary rock...
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Ch.6 – Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
• Sedimentary Rock Formation• Weathering• Erosion• Deposition
• Weathering & Erosion• Weathering
• The Rock breaks down or weathers into smaller fragments. This rock then mixes with water and other organic materials to form soil.
• Weathering can be chemical or mechanical.• Chemical – oxidation, rusting, acids.• Mechanical – Wind or water.• The outer layers of rock weather first, changes in structure form cracks. Over time these cracks
get larger, and the pieces of rock smaller.
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
• Mechanical Weathering• Breaks rock into pieces by:• Freezing & Thawing• Heating & Cooling• Growth of Plants• Actions of Animals• Abrasion
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
• Chemical Weathering• Breaks rock into pieces with:
• Water• Oxygen• Carbon Dioxide• Living Organisms• Acid Rain
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
• Rate of Weathering• The two most important factors which determine the rate of weathering:
• Type of Rock• Climate
• Erosion• The removal and transportation of sediment.• Four main agents:
• Wind• Water• Gravity• Glaciers
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
• Deposition• Transported sediment is deposited on the ground or at the bottom of a body
of water.
• Lithification• Compaction• Cementation
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
• Sedimentary Features• Bedding – 2 types
• Graded Bedding• Cross Bedding
• Fossils
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
• THREE types of Sedimentary Rocks• Clastic• Chemical• Biochemical
• Clastic Sedimentary Rocks• Formed from loose sediments, classified by grain size.
• Coarse-grained – largest, ex: conglomerate.• Medium-grained – middle, ex: sandstone.• Fine-grained – smallest, ex: siltstone.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
• Chemical Sedimentary Rocks• Mineral deposits form through evaporation and precipitation.• Ex: Evaporites, such as salt deposits.
• Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks• Formed from the remains of once living things.• Ex: Limestone
• Grades of Metamorphism• Figure 6.19 on pg.148
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Metamorphic Rocks
• Recognizing Metamorphic Rocks• Rocks change without melting, under intense temperature and pressure.• Caused by deep burial, & mountain building.
• Metamorphic textures – 2 Groups• Foliated – form w/ bands of minerals. • Nonfoliated- Form w/ blocky crystal shapes.
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Metamorphic Rocks
• Types of Metamorphism• Regional• Contact• Hydrothermal
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Metamorphic Rocks
• Economic Importance – Read pg.150• Metallic Mineral Resources• Non-metallic Mineral Resources
• The Rock Cycle – Read pg.151• Draw Diagram – figure 6.23