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Botany 201 Lecture

Department of Biological Sciences

College of Science, UST

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 made of cellulose microfibrils

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cell wall 

chloroplasts 

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Chloroplast:

Chlorophyll a b, Grana, Starch

Amyloplasts (Starch Grain):

Alpha-1-4-glucopyranoside

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By endosymbiosis:

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Chlamydomonas sp.Volvox  sp.

 Spirogyra sp.Ulva sp.

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Isogamy Oogamy

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oogonia  Coleochaete

Chara Nitellaantheridia

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cell wall: cellulosic

 plasmodesmata (in some Green Plants) – pores in primary cell wall

-allow cell-to-cell communication 16

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Nitella sp. Chara sp.

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=Embryophyta (embryophytes)

The first colonization of plants on land during the

Silurian period, ca. 400 million years ago

Land Plants now dominate the earth

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cuticlecell wall

epidermal cell

cuticle: protects against desiccation

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antheridi m

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Marchantia (liverwort)  Mnium (moss)

antheridium 

antheridium 

sperm cells

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Marchantia (liverwort)

archegonium 

egg cell 

neck  

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 Bryophytes  paraphyletic 

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Moist-loving plants

Pioneer species

Small plants that has chlorophyll a & b, cell walls made up of cellulose,

 motile sperms & starch (storage) Lack well-developed vascular tissues→ absorb water by capillary

 movement

Lack true roots, stems & leaves Gametophyte– dominant; perennial

Sporophyte– short-lived; unbranched; produces sporangium

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Thallus are dichotomously branchedand exhibits dorsiventrality:

 upper side – photosynthetic(chlorenchymatous cells & airchambers)

lower side – for storage & non- photosynthetic (scales & rhizoids)

Gametophytes are lobed & bilaterallysymmetrical

Has 2 morphological types: 1. Leafy Liverwort

2. Thalloid liverwort

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2 rows of dorsal leaves

 1 row of ventral leaves

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Gametophyte:

Flat, ribbon-like

Perennial; dichotomously

branched

Unisexual

Gametophores:

 Archegoniophore Antheridiophore

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Male Female

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antheridiophore

specialized structure that bears antheridia 

archegoniophore

-specialized structure that bears

archegonia 

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Gemma  –  multicellular asexual reproductive units

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pore

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Marchantia 

pore 

gemma cup 

pore 

gemmae 

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Marchantia 

sporophyte  spores 

elaters 

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 Moss Gametophyte

Moss Sporophyte

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 fertilization 

protonema  gametophyte (n) 

archegonium  antheridium sporophyte (2n) 

spore(n) 

meiosis 

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Sphagnum - Peat moss:

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Leaves have tiny pores that retain water

Sphagnum  Peat moss:

chlorophyllous cells 

hyaline cell 

pore 

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Sphagnum Peat Moss

Plants make ground water acidic, form extensive bogs 

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- Used in potting media 

- Used as a fuel 

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-   “Tolland ” man:

-  preserved remains in

bog, 405-100 B.C.

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Hornworts 

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