ch1019 chemical process technology - yolabalasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/final inorganic...
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CH1019 Chemical Process Technology
Lecture2
Chapter1Chlor-AlkaliIndustries
BalasubramanianSAssistantProfessor(OG)DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
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Chapter1 CHLORALKALIINDUSTRIES
ProductsofChlor-AlkaliIndustries
SodiumChloride
SodiumAsh
Sodiumbi-carbonate
ChlorineandCausKcSoda
1
2
Overview of topics
BalaubramanianS 2
3
4
5
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Chapter1 CHLORALKALIINDUSTRIES
ProductsofChlor-AlkaliIndustries
SodiumChloride
SodiumAsh
Sodiumbi-carbonate
ChlorineandCausKcSoda
1
2
Overview of topics
BalaubramanianS 3
3
4
5
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TheChlor-alkaliindustriesrepresentsthreemajorindustrial
chemicals
1. Sodaash2. CausKcSoda3. Chlorine
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Apartfromthesecompoundsthecommonsalt(NaCl),Sodium
chloridesisthebasicrawmaterialforgreatmanycompounds
suchas
1. Sodiumhydroxide
2. Sodiumsulfate
3. Hydrochloricacid
4. SodiumchlorateandSodiumchlorite
Thesalt(NaCl)isusedintheregeneraKonofsodiumzeolite
watersoWeners
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ManufactureofNaCl
Saltisobtainedinthreedifferentways,namely,
1. SolarevaporaKonofseawater2. Miningofsaltrock
3. Fromwellbrines(andpurificaKonusingvacuumpansystems)
-PurityofsaltobtainedfromsolarevaporaKon=99.0%
-Purityofsaltfromrocksalt =99.5%
-Thesaltobtainedthroughwell =98.0%pure
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ManufactureofNaClusingVacuumpansystems
- Saltbrineisobtainedbypumpingwaterintoasaltdepositandbringingthebrinetothe
surface.
- Twoconcentricpipesareusedwithwaterbeingforceddownthecenterpipeandbrine
returningtothesurfacethroughtheannularspacebetweenthetwopipes.
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ManufactureofNaClusingVacuumpansystems
- ThevacuumpanemployingmulKpleeffectevaporatorsisthemostcommonmethodof
producingbrinefromwellsasshowninabovefigure.
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S.No. Process Equipment UnitOpera6on UnitProcess Objec6ve
01 ConKnuous ConcentricPipes
Drilling - DrillandobtainthebrinesoluKon
02 Batch Vacuumpanevaporator
EvaporaKon - ConcentraKonofsaltfrombrinesoluKonunderreducedatmosphericpressure
03 Batch Receiver
Storage - TostoretheconcentratedbrinesoluKon
04 ConKnuous Washer Washing/Cleaning
- Towashandpurifythebrine
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S.No. Process Equipment UnitOpera6on UnitProcess Objec6ve
05 ConKnuous Rotaryfilter/Drier
FiltraKon/Drying - SeparaKonofsolidsaltcakeandliquidbrinesoluKon.Drythesaltcakebypassingthehotair
06 ConKnuous Scale Weighing - Toweighthesaltobtainedfromtherotaryfilter
07 ConKnuous Helicalconveyor
SolidtransportaKon
- Toconveythesalt(NaCl)andpackthesalttomarket
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ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)
ClassificaKonofprocessesinthemanufactureofSodaAsh
1. LeBlancProcess2. SolvayProcess
3. Naturalsodafromdeposits
4. Dualprocess
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History-ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)
1. LeBlancProcess
- Thisprocesswasdiscoveredin1773andwasuseduniversally
formanyyearsintheworld.
- Saltcake(sodiumsulfate)reactswithlimestonetogivesoda
ashandatroublesomeproductgypsum(calciumsulfate).
- Theprocessisnolongerused.
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History-ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)
2.Solvayprocess
- In1864,ErnestSolvay,aBelgiumchemist,inventedsoda
process(orAmmonia–Sodaprocess)
- TheSolvaymethodhascompletelyreplacedandtheLeBlanc
methodby1985.
- ThismethodissKllverypopularWorldwide.
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History-ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)
3.Naturalprocess
- InU.S.largedepositsofnaturalTronaorefacilitatesthe
manufactureofsodaashfromit.
- TheoreTronaalsocalledassodiumsequicarbonate.HeaKng
thisoregivessodaash.
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History-ManufactureofSodaAsh(SodiumCarbonate–(Na2CO3)
3.Dualprocess
- ItisalsocalledmodifiedSolvayprocess.
- TheprincipalmodificaKonistherecoveryofNH4Clas
coproductratherthanliberaKonofcombinedammoniafor
cycle.
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References
1. DrydenC.E,OutlinesofChemicaltechnology–forthe21stCentury,3rdediKon,East-WestPress(2004)
2. AusKnG.T,Shreve’sChemicalProcessIndustries,5thediKon,McGrawHillInternaKonalediKons(1984)