ch1 production systems
TRANSCRIPT
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PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Dr. Rajeev SahaAsst. Prof.
YMCA UST, Faridabad
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Objectives
You will be able to
Identify components of a typical production system
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Classify production system based on various criteria
Explain generalized model of production system
Summarize features of service organizations
Explain life cycle approach to production management
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To produce goods and services needed for
human consumption in the Right Quantity
Aim of Production Systems
Right Quality
Right Time
Right Price
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INPUT Transformation OUTPUTManpower
A Typical Production System
Manpower
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Money
Materials
Management
Information
Energy
or
Service
Money
Materials
Management
Information
Energy
or
Service
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Physiologicalas in Hospitals
Attitudinalas in Welfare Organization
Transformations in a Production System
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Informationalas in Reading
Gratificationalas in Entertainment
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In the Production System
Value Addition at different operations. Use of various tools & techniques. Performance Indicators like
Value Addition at different operations. Use of various tools & techniques. Performance Indicators like
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Production, Productivity, Efficiency,Effectiveness.Production, Productivity, Efficiency,Effectiveness.
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Production System can be classified on
the basis of
Size small, medium & large
Input Man, machine, material, money,
information, energy.
Size small, medium & large
Input Man, machine, material, money,
information, energy.
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Output Goods and services
Volume & Variety - Project, Job, Batch, Mass,Continuous
Output Goods and services
Volume & Variety - Project, Job, Batch, Mass,Continuous
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Project Production System
work is carried out at the siteof the work
All resources such as tool,material, labour etc. are
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production e.g. construction projects &
heavy and large product
based projects
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Job Production System
Commonly used to meeta particular customer
need. Production lot size is
generally small.
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Product variety is high. Production equipments
are mostly general
purpose and flexible.Highly skilled labour is
needed to handle the
equipments.
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Batch Production System
Commonly used to meetrepeated customer orders.
Production lot size ismedium and in batches.
Product variet is moderate.
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Production equipments aregeneral purpose but suitablefor higher production
volume. Less skilled labour required
compared to Job production.
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Mass Production System
Particularly suited for highdemand items.
Production lot size is very high. Product variety is very low. Special purpose tools and
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.
Skill Level of workers may bemoderately low.
Entire plant is designed to cater
to few special varieties ofproducts. Higher investments may be
needed for special purpose
machines.
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Continuous Production System
Particularly suited for very highand regular demand items.
Production is continuous. Product variety is very low. Special purpose tools and
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.
Skill Level of workers are low. Plant is generally automated and
computer controlled.
Higher investments are requiredfor system monitoring andcontrolling.
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Volume Variety Suitability
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Legends:P: Project ProductionJ: Job ProductionB: Batch ProductionM: Mass Production
C: Continuous Production
Fig. Volume Variety Suitability for various productionsystems
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Preferred Layout
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Fig. Effect on some factors and preferred layout for various production systems
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Production System can be categorized as
Make to Stock
e.g. TV, Motors, Nuts & Bolts, Bearings etc.
Make to Order
Make to Stock
e.g. TV, Motors, Nuts & Bolts, Bearings etc.
Make to Order
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e.g. ustom Tai ore ot ing, pecia Purpose M/c etc.
Assemble to Order
e.g. Computer System
e.g. ustom Tai ore ot ing, pecia Purpose M/c etc.
Assemble to Order
e.g. Computer System
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Generalized Model of Production System
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Distinctive Features
Service Organizations
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1) Customer is a participant in service department
Input/ Resource
Immediate interaction with operation2) Production and Consumption occur simultaneously
Distinctive Features of Service Organizations
1) Customer is a participant in service department
Input/ Resource
Immediate interaction with operation2) Production and Consumption occur simultaneously
Capacity to provide service must be available whendemanded
3) Service capacity is time perishable Synchronous demand/ capacity
Forecasting/ capacity adjustment challenging
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Capacity to provide service must be available whendemanded
3) Service capacity is time perishable Synchronous demand/ capacity
Forecasting/ capacity adjustment challenging
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4) Site selection dictated by customer location
Multiple, local area sites
5)Operations are labour intensive
New technology difficult to implement
Distinctive Features of Service Organizations
4) Site selection dictated by customer location
Multiple, local area sites
5) Operations are labour intensive
New technology difficult to implement
Emp oyees c aracteristics in uence t e services6) Services are intangible
Units of output difficult to define/ measure
Q.C. system difficult to establish
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Emp oyees c aracteristics in uence t e services6) Services are intangible
Units of output difficult to define/ measure
Q.C. system difficult to establish
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Life Cycle Approachto
ro uc on anagemen
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Stage Decision
Birth of systemGoals?
Product / Service?
Form & Appearance of
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ro u nProcess Selection
Design of system
Technology how shouldthe product be made?
Facility Location,
Physical Layout
Determine demand,perceived quality
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Stage Decision
Manning thesystem
Assigning jobs to workers
How job to be performed,measured?
Compensation of worker
How to et s stem into
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ar up othe system
The system inSteady state
operation?How long it will take toreach desired stage?
How to run system- daytoday, improve the system,deal with problems
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Stage Decision
Revision of thesystem
New technology, threats/opportunities
Revision of markets
Newer methods ofmanufacture
Newer products
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Termination of
system
Innovation
How does a system die?
How to salvage resources?
Sell out/ merger/ sell m/cs
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What you have gained Distinguish various components of a typical
production system Classify production system
Ex l in n r liz m l f r i n
system Explain features of a service organization
Explain life cycle approach to production
management
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What you have understood
Identify salient features of Toyota
Production System (automobile) usingonline and offline resources.
ompare oyota ro uct on ystem w tany other automobile production system inIndia.
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Further Readings
Industrial Engineering - Dr. Ravi Shankar
Production & operations management -Buffa, Edwood
Industrial Engineering and productionmanagement Martand Telsang
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