CH. 5 RENAISSANCE & CH. 5 RENAISSANCE & REFORMATIONREFORMATION

Section 4 OBJ.Section 4 OBJ. – Discuss the – Discuss the different forms of different forms of Protestantism and reforms Protestantism and reforms in the Catholic Church.in the Catholic Church.

I. John Calvin & CalvinismI. John Calvin & CalvinismA.A. Christian unity was lost due to the Christian unity was lost due to the

signing of the Peace of Augsburg. signing of the Peace of Augsburg. Huldrych Zwingli, a priest in Zurich, , a priest in Zurich, Switzerland, started a new Christian Switzerland, started a new Christian group. He forbade relics and pagan group. He forbade relics and pagan images within the city. A new images within the city. A new service that consisted of scriptureservice that consisted of scripture

reading, prayer,reading, prayer,

and sermonsand sermons

replaced Mass.replaced Mass. (1484 – 1531)(1484 – 1531)

B.B. The Protestants in both Germany & The Protestants in both Germany & Switzerland sought an alliance for Switzerland sought an alliance for protection from the Catholic Church. protection from the Catholic Church. However, disagreements about the However, disagreements about the Lord’s Supper kept it from happening. Lord’s Supper kept it from happening. In 1531 Zwingli was killed during a In 1531 Zwingli was killed during a battle between the Catholics and battle between the Catholics and Protestants in Switzerland. John Calvin Protestants in Switzerland. John Calvin assumed the leadership of the assumed the leadership of the Protestant Church in Switzerland.Protestant Church in Switzerland.

C.C. John Calvin, originally from France, fled John Calvin, originally from France, fled to Switzerland after converting to the to Switzerland after converting to the Protestant faith. He believed in Protestant faith. He believed in predestinationpredestination & placed an emphasis & placed an emphasis on the “power, grace, and glory of God.on the “power, grace, and glory of God.

D.D. In 1536 he began to reform the In 1536 he began to reform the city of Geneva, Switzerland. He city of Geneva, Switzerland. He created a church governing created a church governing body called the Consistory – body called the Consistory – which enforced moral discipline. which enforced moral discipline. People could be punished for People could be punished for “crimes” such as gambling or “crimes” such as gambling or dancing.dancing.

E.E. Calvin’s success in Geneva Calvin’s success in Geneva made it the center of the made it the center of the Protestant world. Missionaries Protestant world. Missionaries who trained in Geneva were who trained in Geneva were sent throughout the world. By sent throughout the world. By the mid 1500’s Calvinism was the mid 1500’s Calvinism was the largest Protestant the largest Protestant denomination. denomination.

(1509 – 1564)(1509 – 1564)

II. REFORMATION IN II. REFORMATION IN ENGLANDENGLAND

A.A. Politics, not religion, was the reason for the Politics, not religion, was the reason for the Protestant Reformation in England. Protestant Reformation in England. King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife b/c wanted to divorce his wife b/c he believed she was the reason for them not he believed she was the reason for them not having a son. The Pope would not having a son. The Pope would not annulannul his his marriage so Henry VIII turned to the courts. marriage so Henry VIII turned to the courts. The archbishop of Canterbury granted the The archbishop of Canterbury granted the divorce. Henry would marry six times.divorce. Henry would marry six times.

B.B. In 1534 the English Parliament established In 1534 the English Parliament established the Act of Supremacy. This act separated the Act of Supremacy. This act separated England’s Catholic Church from the Popes England’s Catholic Church from the Popes authority. It stated that the king was the authority. It stated that the king was the supreme head of the new Church of England. supreme head of the new Church of England. The king controlled religious doctrine, clerical The king controlled religious doctrine, clerical appointments. And discipline.appointments. And discipline.

C.C. Henry VIII dissolved Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries and the monasteries and sold the land and sold the land and possessions to the possessions to the wealthy. This act wealthy. This act provided him with provided him with more money and more money and supporters. Despite supporters. Despite the breakaway, the breakaway, Henry remained very Henry remained very close to the Catholic close to the Catholic teachings. However, teachings. However, as time passed they as time passed they moved in a more moved in a more Protestant direction.Protestant direction.

(1491 – 1547)(1491 – 1547)

The “6” wives of Henry VIII

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn Jane SeymourJane Seymour

1509 – 15331509 – 1533 1533 – 1536 1533 – 1536 1536 - 15371536 - 1537

DivorcedDivorced Beheaded Beheaded DiedDied

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Howard Katherine Katherine ParrParr

Jan. – July 1540Jan. – July 1540 1540 – 1542 1540 – 1542 1543 – 15471543 – 1547

DivorcedDivorced Beheaded Beheaded SurvivedSurvived

E.E. In 1553 Henry’s In 1553 Henry’s daughter Mary daughter Mary ascended to the ascended to the throne. She was a throne. She was a devout Catholic and devout Catholic and wanted to return wanted to return England to England to Catholicism. She Catholicism. She persecuted the persecuted the Protestants and had Protestants and had nearly 500 burned nearly 500 burned at the stake. Many at the stake. Many people resented people resented her, and by the end her, and by the end of her reign England of her reign England was more protestant was more protestant than before. She than before. She was given the name was given the name “BLOODY MARY”.“BLOODY MARY”.

(1516 – 1558)(1516 – 1558) Daughter ofDaughter of Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon

QUEEN ELIZABETH IQUEEN ELIZABETH I Elizabeth, the Elizabeth, the

daughter of Anne daughter of Anne Boleyn, became Boleyn, became queen of England queen of England after “Bloody Mary” after “Bloody Mary” died. died.

During her reignDuring her reignWilliam William Shakespeare,Shakespeare,Sir Francis Drake,Sir Francis Drake,

& Sir Walter Raleigh & Sir Walter Raleigh prospered. She wasprospered. She was a Protestant and a Protestant and

hadhad the overwhelming the overwhelming support of thesupport of the people.people.

(1533 – 1603) (1533 – 1603)

Q. & A.Q. & A. What is Predestination?What is Predestination?

Why does John Calvin Believe in this idea?Why does John Calvin Believe in this idea?

Why did Henry VIII marry so many times?Why did Henry VIII marry so many times?

Why did John Calvin flee to Switzerland?Why did John Calvin flee to Switzerland?

Who was William Shakespeare?Who was William Shakespeare?

Who was Sir Francis Drake?Who was Sir Francis Drake?

III. The ANABAPTISTSIII. The ANABAPTISTSA.A. During the 16During the 16thth century a radical new century a radical new

Protestant group developed. The Protestant group developed. The “Anabaptists” rejected most of the “Anabaptists” rejected most of the Catholic & some of the early Protestant Catholic & some of the early Protestant teachings. Because of their teachings teachings. Because of their teachings and practices both Catholics and and practices both Catholics and Protestants persecuted them.Protestants persecuted them.

B.B. The Anabaptists practiced adult The Anabaptists practiced adult baptism instead of baptizing infants. baptism instead of baptizing infants. To them the true Christian Church was a To them the true Christian Church was a voluntary community of believers who voluntary community of believers who experienced spiritual rebirth. No other experienced spiritual rebirth. No other denomination preached this belief. denomination preached this belief.

Anabaptist Anabaptist originated in the originated in the following following European European countries:countries:

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

GermanyGermany

AustriaAustria

NetherlandsNetherlands

Descending Descending Protestant Protestant denominations denominations include:include:

AmishAmish

QuakersQuakers

MennonitesMennonites

Other Anabaptists BeliefsOther Anabaptists Beliefs Believed all Christians were equal. Believed all Christians were equal. Any community member could be a minister Any community member could be a minister

b/c all Christians were considered priests. b/c all Christians were considered priests. However women were often excluded.However women were often excluded.

The complete separation of church & state. The complete separation of church & state. They would not hold office & did not believe They would not hold office & did not believe the gov. had any authority over Christians.the gov. had any authority over Christians.

Did not bear arms – possess or carry Did not bear arms – possess or carry weaponsweapons

Did not believe Mary gave birth to Jesus.Did not believe Mary gave birth to Jesus. Believed once you were baptized you were Believed once you were baptized you were

not capable of committing a sin.not capable of committing a sin.

Women’s role during the Women’s role during the Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

During the reformation Protestants During the reformation Protestants developed a new view of the family. developed a new view of the family. Protestants did not believe in Protestants did not believe in celibacy and placed the family at the celibacy and placed the family at the center of their lives. center of their lives.

They did however continue the They did however continue the traditional subservience and traditional subservience and obedience of the wife. They felt the obedience of the wife. They felt the woman’s role was to bear children woman’s role was to bear children and maintain the house. and maintain the house. Protestantism did not change Protestantism did not change women’s subordinate place in women’s subordinate place in societysociety..

IV. THE CATHOLIC IV. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATIONREFORMATIONA.A. During the mid 16During the mid 16thth century century

the Catholic Church became the Catholic Church became concerned over the spread concerned over the spread of Protestantism. Pope of Protestantism. Pope Paul III & the Church took Paul III & the Church took strides in reforming the strides in reforming the Church from within. 3 Church from within. 3 major changes included the major changes included the Jesuits, Council of Trent, Jesuits, Council of Trent, and reforms in the papacy.and reforms in the papacy.

B.B. The Jesuits, AKA – Society of The Jesuits, AKA – Society of Jesus, was founded by Jesus, was founded by Ignatius of Ignatius of LoyolaLoyola – a Spanish nobleman in – a Spanish nobleman in 1540. their goal was to convert 1540. their goal was to convert people back to Catholicism. They people back to Catholicism. They opened schools with well trained opened schools with well trained and educated members working and educated members working within them. They were within them. They were successful in restoring successful in restoring Catholicism to parts of Germany Catholicism to parts of Germany and Eastern Europe. They also and Eastern Europe. They also spread it to other parts of the spread it to other parts of the world (Asia, Africa, S. America).world (Asia, Africa, S. America).

Ignatius of LoyolaIgnatius of Loyola

(1491 – 1556)(1491 – 1556)

C.C. Pope Paul III appointed a Pope Paul III appointed a reform commission in 1537 reform commission in 1537 b/c he felt the papacy needed b/c he felt the papacy needed to be reformed. The to be reformed. The commission determined the commission determined the Church ill’s and proposed Church ill’s and proposed ideas to fix the problemsideas to fix the problems

D.D. In 1545 a group of cardinals, In 1545 a group of cardinals, archbishops, abbots and archbishops, abbots and theologians met in Trent for theologians met in Trent for 18 years. This group was 18 years. This group was known as the known as the Council of Council of TrentTrent. The council reaffirmed . The council reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings traditional Catholic teachings and opposed Protestant and opposed Protestant beliefs.beliefs.

Decisions made by the Decisions made by the Council of TrentCouncil of Trent

Both faith & good works are needed in Both faith & good works are needed in order to achieve salvation.order to achieve salvation.

The seven sacraments, view of The seven sacraments, view of communion (Eucharist), and clerical communion (Eucharist), and clerical celibacy were upheld.celibacy were upheld.

Belief of purgatory was strengthenedBelief of purgatory was strengthened Maintained the use of indulgences but Maintained the use of indulgences but

forbid the selling of them.forbid the selling of them. Because of the council the Roman Because of the council the Roman

Catholic Church had a renewed spirit of Catholic Church had a renewed spirit of confidence.confidence.

Q. & A.Q. & A. What does What does ProtestantProtestant mean? mean? Why did the Catholic Church start a Why did the Catholic Church start a

reformation of their own?reformation of their own? What is a reformation?What is a reformation? Why did very little change for Why did very little change for

women during the Protestant women during the Protestant Reformation?Reformation?

Why were the Anabaptists viewed Why were the Anabaptists viewed as radical and persecuted by both as radical and persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants? Where Catholics and Protestants? Where did they run to?did they run to?

HOMEWORK ACTIVITYHOMEWORK ACTIVITY Finish any Questions not completed Finish any Questions not completed

from the Q. & A. from the Q. & A.

Create a chart & compare and Create a chart & compare and contrast Lutheranism, Calvinism, contrast Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, and the Church of Anabaptism, and the Church of England. Tell which one most England. Tell which one most closely resembles the Catholic faith closely resembles the Catholic faith and why. Which one least and why. Which one least resembles the Catholic faith and resembles the Catholic faith and why.why.