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Ch. 3.3 and 3.4

Struggle for North America & African Slave

Trade

Thursday, October 10

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Ch. 3.3 Struggle for North America

In the 1600s, the French, Dutch, English, and

Spanish competed for lands in North America.

These colonies were all distinct from one another

in terms of language, government, resources, and

society.

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New France

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New France

1534: Jacques Cartier explored and claimed

for the French much of eastern Canada, called

New France.

This empire stretched from Qubec to the Great

Lakes and down the Mississippi River to Louisiana.

However, a permanent French settlement would not be

established until 1608 in Quebec.

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New France

The winter in Canada was harsh.

The new settlers were discouraged and

abandoned farming for fur trapping and trading.

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Government of New France

King Louis XIV (14th)

Wanted greater revenues.

What is a revenue?

Revenue = income from taxes.

He appointed officials to manage these economic activities.

He ordered soldiers and more settlers to go to New France.

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English Colonies

While New France remained small, the English

Colonies expanded along the Atlantic coast.

Jamestown was the first English Colony.

Established in Virginia in 1607.

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Pilgrims Come to America

In 1620, Pilgrims, or English Protestants who

rejected the Church of England, landed at

Plymouth, Massachusetts.

They wrote a compact (an agreement)

Mayflower Compact

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Mayflower Compact

It set guidelines for governing their colony.

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English Colonial Government

English Monarchs exercised control over

colonies with Royal Governors.

English colonists enjoyed a greater degree of

self-government than did French and Spanish

colonists.

The English colonists elected their own

representative assemblies.

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French and Indian War

During the 1700s, the French and English

became powerful rivals.

1754: French and Indian War erupts in North

America.

Two years later it spreads to Europe where it is called

the Seven Years War

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French and Indian War

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Treaty of Paris

British capture the capital of New France.

The war would continue to drag on for several

more years until the British win.

Treaty of Paris ends the worldwide conflict.

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France Loses its Colonies

To Spain:

Louisiana Territory

To Britain:

Canada

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Ch. 3.4 The Atlantic Slave Trade

Empires grew in the 1500s, and trade

increased in the different parts of the world.

Spain is the 1st country to import slaves to the

new world.

Slave labor provided a way to get greater

profits.

Why would slave labor provide for greater

profits?

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Triangular Trade

A series of sea routes joining Europe, Africa,

and the Americas. (a triangle between the

countries. )

1st Part: Merchant ships brought European goods.

2ndPart: MiddlePassage = Slaves brought to

the Americas. Traded for sugar, molasses, and

cotton from plantations. 3rd Part: Materials (above) traded for furs, fish and

other goods, then sent to Europe to be sold.

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Triangular Trade

image

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Middle Passage

Middle Passage = 2nd part of triangular trade

A horrifying journey for Africans.

Olaudah Equiano

11 year old who travelledon the journey

During the middle passage, slaves were captured,

bound, and forced to walk as much as 3,000 miles.

Many died along the way.

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Map of 3,000 Miles

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Life on Slave Boats

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Life on a Slave Boat

Those who survived the brutal capturing

would then be placed in cages on the coast of

Africa for the slave ships.

Hundreds of captured Africans would then be

crammed in the bottom of a slave boat.

Times ranged from 3 weeks to 3 months on the

ships.

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Effects of Life on a Slave Boat

Many Died:

Disease

Brutality

Storms

Disease

Pirate Raids

Many committed suicide.

Mutinies

Revolts by the slaves who

tried to return home.

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Why did the Triangular Trade

Continue?

The triangular trade continued because it was

so profitable.

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Effects of the Triangular Trade

Europe and their Colonies

Brought riches to merchants

and traders.

Colonies economies grew.

European and American

port cities grew.

Africa

Devastating outcome.

African societies were torn

apart. Africans lives were cut short

or brutalized