ch 3 – the immune system 3.2 factors affecting the immune system
DESCRIPTION
Vaccines A vaccine is a special version of an antigen. It is a weakened form of the disease Administered by needle usually (liquid form)TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch 3 – The Immune System
3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System
![Page 2: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Immunity• Recall: if our bodies contain the
antibodies for specific antigens, we have what is called “immunity”.
• We develop immunity when we get sick and our body makes antibodies to fight an antigen.
• We can also obtain immunity by receiving a vaccine (vaccination).
![Page 3: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vaccines• A vaccine is a
special version of an antigen.
• It is a weakened form of the disease
• Administered by needle usually (liquid form)
![Page 4: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How do vaccines work?• A small amount of weakened disease
enters the body• Your immune system creates antibodies to
fight the disease• You don’t become ill because there is such
a small amount of weakened disease• But some antibodies remain…
– They can be reactivated if the antigen enters your body in the future
![Page 5: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
More about vaccines• Vaccines can be a
one-shot deal or you may get another vaccination every few years.
• For example, we get tetanus shots every 10 years to bolster antibody production.
• Some vaccines you receive as a baby
![Page 6: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Are vaccines risky?• No, not generally• Most vaccines are
accompanied by mild side effects that don’t last long
• Sometimes a severe allergic reaction can occur but this is rare.
Extreme reaction to smallpox vaccine
![Page 7: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Disorders of the Immune System
• Some people have an unusually high sensitivity to a certain substance. – When the substance
enters their body, the immune system recognizes it as an invader and the system over-reacts!
– This sensitivity is called an allergy
![Page 9: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Allergies• There are many things that can
cause allergies. – Food (milk, gluten, peanuts,
strawberries…)– Pollen, dust– Cats, beestings
Any substance that causes an allergic reaction is called an “allergen”.
![Page 10: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Did You Know?• Dust allergies may
actually be due to the feces of dust mites that live in house dust!
• Dust mites eat dead skin flakes and make their home in your bed, carpet and old clothing!
![Page 12: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Allergy Symptoms• Common symptoms of an allergy
– Runny nose– Watery eyes• Why does this happen?
• When your body needs to fight an invader (an allergen) it releases a chemical called histamine
• Runny noses and watering eyes are side-effects of histamine
• We use drugs called anti-histamines to reduce these symptoms
![Page 13: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Severe Allergic Reactions• Some people have more severe allergies
– Ex: peanuts, bee-stings• If they come in contact with these
allergens they can have a severe reaction called anaphylactic shock
• Results in swelling, difficulty breathing, can be fatal
• People often carry adrenaline-shots (EpiPen) to reduce the effects.
![Page 14: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Disorders of the Immune System
• AIDS – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• Infection of the immune system that can lead to death
• Caused by a virus called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• HIV is a fierce pathogen that attacks the immune system and destroys it
![Page 15: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What does HIV do to the body?• HIV infects helper T cells
– Since helper T cells activate B cells, your body can no longer activate B cells or killer T cells
– The immune system has no way to fight the pathogen
– In other words, the immune system shuts down
– Other antigens or pathogens can enter and your body has no way to fight against them
![Page 16: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How is HIV transmitted?• HIV can be
transmitted through – Blood– Semen
• HIV cannot be transmitted through– Direct contact
• Shaking hands– Saliva
• Sharing drinks, kissing
![Page 17: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cure for AIDS? • There is currently no
known cure for AIDS• HIV keeps changing its
structure slightly • There are also several
forms of the virus• A person infected with
HIV live 4-10 years• AIDS currently affects
more than 40 million people
![Page 19: Ch 3 – The Immune System 3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021716/5a4d1bf67f8b9ab0599e900c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Keeping Your Immune System Healthy
• What can you do?– Eat healthy foods– Exercise– Wash your hands– Keep yourself and
your home clean– Avoid drugs/ tobacco– Get enough sleep– Get vaccinations– Be cautious (don’t
share drinks, etc..)