ch. 3. sample collection & treatments
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Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS. 2-1. Sample Types & Considering Factors for Collection Sample Types: According to the physical conditions ; solid, liquid, or gas samples According to the representativeness; bulk, partial, or mixed samples - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
2-1. Sample Types & Considering Factors for Collection
Sample Types: According to the physical conditions ; solid, liquid, or gas samples According to the representativeness; bulk, partial, or mixed
samples According to the conventional names; Rock, soil, stream water,
groundwater, coal, plant, food etc.
Considering Factors: The essential requisite for the sample is the
representativeness of the object of sampling. Then, consider
1) Purpose of sampling2) Budget for the analysis 3) Characteristics (Types) of the samples
2-2. Collection & Pretreatment of Water Samples
Water samples?: Surface water (Streams, lakes, springs, etc.) Groundwater Meteoric water (rain, snow, fog, etc) Others
Considering factors of water sampling; Variable properties responding to a number of surrounding
conditions such as T, P, time, biota, geology, etc. Should consider
1) Water type2) Parameters measured in the field3) Required pretreatment4) Geological & Hydrological conditions5) Temporal & spatial variation6) Others
Pretreatments: Filtration; Removal of SS & (microbes), with 0.1, 0.2
or 0.45 m pore membrane Acidification; Prohibiting pptn of the DS, with HNO3 Sterilization; Killing all the microbes, with HgCl2 Refrigeration; Supress microbial activity at 4C
3-3. Soil Sample Collection & Preparation 3-3-1. General Considering Factors
▪ Soil types▪ Soil profiles▪ Parents & local geology▪ Plantation▪ Land uses▪ Others
3-3-2. Collection Methods▪ Shovels▪ Soil core sampler▪ Auger▪ Soil moisture sampler▪ Customized personalized devices
3-3-3. Sampling Design▪ Grid▪ Barbell cluster▪ Nested Cell▪ Stratified vs. unstratified
3-3-4. Treatment of Soil Samples▪ Drying▪ Sieving▪ Removal of organics▪ Grinding
Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS
3-4. Sediment Sample Collection & Preparation 3-4-1. General Considering Factors
▪ Spatial (horizontal) variation▪ Vertical (depth) variation▪ Size distribution▪ Temporal variation▪ Sedimentation mechanism (sedimentation media)▪ Disturbance by sampling▪ Parental rock
3-4-2. Collection Methods▪ Grab▪ Core sampler▪ Customized personalized devices
Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS
3-4-3. Sampling Design▪ Mostly depends on the distribution of the sediments
3-3-4. Treatment of Soil Samples▪ Very similar to the soil sample treatment▪ Size fractionation
Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS
3-5. Rock Sample Collection & Preparation 3-4-1. General Considering Factors
▪ Rock types▪ Weathering▪ Grain size: generally sample size should be 60 times larger
than the grain size ex) <1/16cm 3*4*1 cm ▪ Structure & texture▪ Others
3-4-2. Collection Methods▪ Hammer▪ Core sampler▪ Chiesle
Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS