Ch 22-1 Energy Ch 22-1 Energy RolesRoles

Ch 22-1 Energy Ch 22-1 Energy RolesRoles

In every ecosystem, each In every ecosystem, each organism has a role in the organism has a role in the movement of energy.movement of energy.

In every ecosystem, each In every ecosystem, each organism has a role in the organism has a role in the movement of energy.movement of energy.◊ An organism’s energy role in an

ecosystem may be that of producer,producer, consumer, consumer, oror decomposer.decomposer.

o Energy first enters ecosystems as sunlight. Certain organisms are able to capture this energy and transform in into food.

◊ An organism’s energy role in an ecosystem may be that of producer,producer, consumer, consumer, oror decomposer.decomposer.

o Energy first enters ecosystems as sunlight. Certain organisms are able to capture this energy and transform in into food.

ProducersProducersProducersProducers◊ Producers capture the sun’s

energy and use it to make food. This makes them autotrophs.autotrophs.

◊ ProducersProducers are the direct source of all food (energy) in an ecosystem.

◊ Producers capture the sun’s energy and use it to make food. This makes them autotrophs.autotrophs.

◊ ProducersProducers are the direct source of all food (energy) in an ecosystem.

ConsumersConsumersConsumersConsumers◊ ConsumersConsumers cannot make their cannot make their

own food so they get it (and own food so they get it (and their energy) from eating other their energy) from eating other organisms. This makes them organisms. This makes them heterotrophs.heterotrophs.

◊ There are four types of There are four types of consumerconsumer, classified by what , classified by what they eat. They are:they eat. They are:

◊ ConsumersConsumers cannot make their cannot make their own food so they get it (and own food so they get it (and their energy) from eating other their energy) from eating other organisms. This makes them organisms. This makes them heterotrophs.heterotrophs.

◊ There are four types of There are four types of consumerconsumer, classified by what , classified by what they eat. They are:they eat. They are:

Consumers (cont.)Consumers (cont.)Consumers (cont.)Consumers (cont.)◊ HerbivoresHerbivores:: eat plants (deer, eat plants (deer,

bunnies)bunnies)◊ Carnivores: Carnivores: eat other animals eat other animals

(cats, wolves)(cats, wolves)◊ Omnivores:Omnivores: eat both meat and eat both meat and

plants (humans)plants (humans)◊ Scavengers:Scavengers: eat dead organisms eat dead organisms

(vultures, hyenas)(vultures, hyenas)

◊ HerbivoresHerbivores:: eat plants (deer, eat plants (deer, bunnies)bunnies)

◊ Carnivores: Carnivores: eat other animals eat other animals (cats, wolves)(cats, wolves)

◊ Omnivores:Omnivores: eat both meat and eat both meat and plants (humans)plants (humans)

◊ Scavengers:Scavengers: eat dead organisms eat dead organisms (vultures, hyenas)(vultures, hyenas)

Consumers (cont.)Consumers (cont.)Consumers (cont.)Consumers (cont.)◊ Consumers are also classified as Consumers are also classified as beingbeing

primary, primary, secondsecond, or , or thirdthird level consumers.level consumers.◊ Primary(1st) levelPrimary(1st) level consumers consumers are herbivores. are herbivores.

They eat They eat producersproducers (mouse). (mouse).◊ Second levelSecond level consumersconsumers can be either can be either

carnivores or omnivores and eat first level carnivores or omnivores and eat first level consumers (snake)consumers (snake)

◊ Third levelThird level consumersconsumers are also either are also either carnivores or omnivores and eat second level carnivores or omnivores and eat second level consumers (hawk)consumers (hawk)

◊ * sometimes the same organisms may be at * sometimes the same organisms may be at different levels.different levels.

◊ Consumers are also classified as Consumers are also classified as beingbeing primary, primary, secondsecond, or , or thirdthird level consumers.level consumers.

◊ Primary(1st) levelPrimary(1st) level consumers consumers are herbivores. are herbivores. They eat They eat producersproducers (mouse). (mouse).

◊ Second levelSecond level consumersconsumers can be either can be either carnivores or omnivores and eat first level carnivores or omnivores and eat first level consumers (snake)consumers (snake)

◊ Third levelThird level consumersconsumers are also either are also either carnivores or omnivores and eat second level carnivores or omnivores and eat second level consumers (hawk)consumers (hawk)

◊ * sometimes the same organisms may be at * sometimes the same organisms may be at different levels.different levels.

DecomposersDecomposersDecomposersDecomposers◊ DecomposersDecomposers are organisms that are organisms that

break down wastes and dead break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw organisms and return the raw materials to the environment. materials to the environment.

◊ BacteriaBacteria and and FungiFungi are good are good examples of examples of decomposersdecomposers

◊ DecomposersDecomposers are organisms that are organisms that break down wastes and dead break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw organisms and return the raw materials to the environment. materials to the environment.

◊ BacteriaBacteria and and FungiFungi are good are good examples of examples of decomposersdecomposers

Food ChainsFood ChainsFood ChainsFood Chains◊ A Food chainFood chain is a series of events in which is a series of events in which

one organism eats another and obtains one organism eats another and obtains energy.energy.

◊ It begins with aIt begins with a producerproducer which “fixes” which “fixes” solar energy into food that it produces.solar energy into food that it produces.

◊ This energy is transferred as aThis energy is transferred as a consumerconsumer eatseats the the producer, producer, then transferred again then transferred again asas anotheranother consumerconsumer eats the firsteats the first consumerconsumer

◊ Example: grassgrass--->mousemouse---->owl

◊ A Food chainFood chain is a series of events in which is a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains one organism eats another and obtains energy.energy.

◊ It begins with aIt begins with a producerproducer which “fixes” which “fixes” solar energy into food that it produces.solar energy into food that it produces.

◊ This energy is transferred as aThis energy is transferred as a consumerconsumer eatseats the the producer, producer, then transferred again then transferred again asas anotheranother consumerconsumer eats the firsteats the first consumerconsumer

◊ Example: grassgrass--->mousemouse---->owl

Food ChainsFood ChainsFood ChainsFood Chains

Food Chains (continued)Food Chains (continued)Food Chains (continued)Food Chains (continued)

Food Chains (cont.)Food Chains (cont.)Food Chains (cont.)Food Chains (cont.)

And one more Food And one more Food Chain…Chain…And one more Food And one more Food Chain…Chain…

Food WebsFood WebsFood WebsFood Webs◊ A Food webFood web consists of the consists of the

many overlapping food many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.chains in an ecosystem.

◊ A Food webFood web consists of the consists of the many overlapping food many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.chains in an ecosystem.

Food Webs (continued)Food Webs (continued)Food Webs (continued)Food Webs (continued)

Food Webs cont.Food Webs cont.

One last Food WebOne last Food WebOne last Food WebOne last Food Web

Energy PyramidEnergy PyramidEnergy PyramidEnergy Pyramid

◊ An An Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid shows the shows the amount of energy that moves from amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a one feeding level to another in a food web.food web.

◊ The The producer producer level has the most level has the most energy.energy.

◊ As energy is transferred from level As energy is transferred from level to level most is lost; only 10% is to level most is lost; only 10% is passed on.passed on.

◊ An An Energy PyramidEnergy Pyramid shows the shows the amount of energy that moves from amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a one feeding level to another in a food web.food web.

◊ The The producer producer level has the most level has the most energy.energy.

◊ As energy is transferred from level As energy is transferred from level to level most is lost; only 10% is to level most is lost; only 10% is passed on.passed on.

Energy PyramidEnergy PyramidEnergy PyramidEnergy Pyramid