ch 2 governance: population policy
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SINGAPORE’S POPULATION
POLICY
CHAPTER 2 GOVERNANCE IN S’PORE
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Key Demographic Indicators1. Refer to the handout “Key Demographic
Indicators, 1970-2008”
2. Write down at least two observations you can make about Singapore’s population make up from the statistics
3. State two inferences about Singapore from your above observations
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Sg’s Population Policies
Two periods: 1966-1981
Controlling population growth 1981-now
Encouraging population growthMeeting the challenges of an ageing
population
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Controlling pop. Growth 1966-81 Post-war ‘baby boom’ Posed many problems Three five-year plans from 1966-1981 ‘Stop at two’ policy Pg. 44 Fig 2.33 Measures to encourage
smaller families
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‘Stop at Two’ poster from the 1970s
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Encouraging Pop. Growth 1980s-now Declining birth rates from 1980s Fertility rate in 1980: 1.82 children per
woman 2008: 1.28 Family planning policy worked What potential problems could this give
rise to?
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Potential Problems Unattractive to MNCs Ageing population Defence
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Measures to promote population growth Graduate Mothers Scheme Have Three or More If You Can Afford It Pro-family Measures Attracting Foreign Talent
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Graduate Mothers Scheme 1984 To arrest trend of the well-educated
having fewer children PM Lee felt that female graduates
should have more children Sparked off debate and unhappiness Withdrawn in 1985
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Have Three or More If You Can Afford It Introduced in 1987 Allowed the use of Medisave to pay for
delivery charges of the first three children
Encourage people to have more babies if they could afford it through publicity campaigns
Limited success Birth rate continues to decline
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Countries
Fertility rate of women in developed countries
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Other Pro-family Measures New marriage and parenthood
measures announced in 2004 To address concerns of high cost of
raising children and lack of suitable childcare arrangements
Equalized medical benefits Grandparent caregiver relief 5-day work week for Civil Svc Extended maternity leave
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Attracting Foreign Talent To enhance competitiveness Relaxed immigration policy in 1989 To attract talent with skills that
Singapore required Easier entry Subsidized housing Attractive education package Hoped that some of these will take up
PR or citizenship
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Preparing for an Aging Population
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Impact of Ageing Population
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Meeting the Challenges
Senior citizens as assets to society ‘Many Helping Hands’ approach
Individual responsibilityFamily supportCommunity helpGovt support
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1. Senior citizens as assets To ensure that senior citizens remain
contributing to society Valuable skills, knowledge, talent and
work experience Encourage more opportunities for them
to add value to organisations (as advisors or mentors) and help boost family life (taking care of grandchildren)
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2. ‘Many Helping Hands’Government
support
Community help
Family support
Individual responsibility
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2a. Individual responsibility Healthy lifestyle—watching diet,
exercising regularly Financial planning—to plan for
retirement To help senior citizens be independent
and have good quality of life in old age Reduces family and govt burden
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2b. Family support
Strong and stable family is main source of emotional, social and financial support
Govt introduced measures to strengthen family bonds
E.g. Senior Citizen’ Week, Grandparents’ Day
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2c. Community help Community can provide social and emotional
support Provide healthcare and social services Govt provides subsidies to voluntary welfare
organisations (VWOs) E.g. Home Nursing Foundation for Elders Some offer free healthchecks, recreational
activities for elderly These services are meant to help them remain
active
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2d. Government support
Made laws and introduced measures to protect interests of senior citizens
E.g.Tribunal for the Maintenance of ParentsTax ReliefCentral Provident FundPublic housing schemes
To encourage people to save up for old age, and children to take care of their aging parents
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Measures to promote population growth1. Graduate
Mothers Scheme
2. Have Three or More If You Can Afford It
3. Pro-family Measures
4. Attracting Foreign Talent
1. Senior citizens as assets to society
2. ‘Many Helping Hands’ approach
a) Individual responsibility
b) Family support
c) Community help
d) Govt support
Meeting the ChallengesOf an Aging Pop.