(ch 18 sec 3) - mrs. parker's biology...
TRANSCRIPT
DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS (CH 18 SEC 3)
Updating Classification Systems
Linnaeus created a system with two kingdoms Plantae(plants) and Animalia(animals)
The invention of the microscope lead to many changes in the classification system
Sponges were moved from the plant kingdom to the animal kingdom.
In the 1800s, all unicellular were lumped into Kingdom Protista
In the 1950s, Kingdom Monera was added for prokaryotes
In the 1990s, Monera was split into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
How do we classify organisms into Domains and Kingdoms?
Cell Type
Cell Wall Type
Complexity
Nutrition
Prokaryote or Eukaryote
What is the cell wall made of?
Unicellular or Multicellular
Autotroph
Heterotroph
– Makes its own food
– Eats other organisms
Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria (or “true bacteria”)
Cell Type - Prokaryotes
Cell Wall Type – Peptidoglycan
Complexity – Unicellular
Nutrition – Some are autotrophs; some are heterotrophs
Found in almost every habitat
Most abundant organisms on earth
Bacteria Examples
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Cell Type – Prokaryotes
Cell Wall Type – Unique Lipids
Complexity – Unicellular
Nutrition – Some are autotrophs; some are heterotrophs
Found anywhere including the most extreme environments on earth
Archaea Examples
Extremophiles
Found in extreme environments like hot springs, thermal vents and our stomachs
Methanogens
Live in oxygen-free environments
Domain Eukarya
Kingdoms
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Cell Type – All eukaryotes
Have organelles like a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Organisms are divided into kingdoms based on number of cells, body organization, and types of nutrition.
Kingdom Plantae
Cell Wall Type – cellulose
Complexity – Multicellular
Nutrition – Autotrophs
Photosynthesis
More than 300,000 known species
Includes mosses, ferns,
conifers, and flowering plants
Kingdom Animalia
Cell Wall Type – None!!!
Complexity – Multicellular
Nutrition – Heterotrophs
More than 1,000,000 known species
Includes sponges, worms,
arthropods, fish, amphibians,
reptiles, birds, and mammals
Kingdom Fungi
Cell Wall Type – Chitin
Complexity – Mostly multicellular
yeast (unicellular)
Nutrition – Heterotrophs
Secrete digestive enzymes onto food source and them absorb the minerals
More than 70,000 known species
Examples – molds, mushrooms, yeast, lichens
Kingdom Protista “leftover” group
Plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like
Cell Wall Type – Some do/Some don’t
Complexity – Mostly unicellular
Some colonial organisms (algae); a few multicellular organisms (kelp)
Nutrition – Some are autotrophs; some are heterotrophs
May eventually be split into new kingdoms to better reflect evolutionary history
Over 115,000 species
Protist Examples