ch. 17, lesson 1: the industrial revolution eq: how can inventions affect ways of life?
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 17, Lesson 1: The Industrial Revolution
EQ: How can inventions affect ways of life?
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Ch. 17, Lesson 1: Vocabulary (pg. 316)
• Industrial Revolution (pg. 316, into.)• Labor • Capital • Entrepreneurs• Cottage industry • Urbanization (pg. 320)
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The Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution is a change from an economy based on farming and handcrafts, to an economy based on manufacturing by using machines in factories.
• Began in Great Britain in 1780s, then spread throughout European and northern United States.
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Why did it start in Britain?
• Britain had an Agricultural Revolution led to increased food supply
• Increase food supply led to population grow
• Britain had capital (money available for investment) and entrepreneurs
• Britain had natural resources—rivers, minerals, etc.
• Britain had a market to sell its goods, colonies overseas
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The Revolution Began with Cotton
• Britain was leader in cotton production– Spinners made cotton thread from
raw materials – Weavers wove cotton thread into
cloth using looms • People did this in their homes
(cottages), thus the process is called cottage industry.
• Technological advances made cottage industry inefficient.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4joqYycnqM4: 35
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Activity:
• As you read Cotton Production and New Factories (pg. 317)—identify the three inventions and inventors that changed the cotton production industry in England.
• Then, explain how their invention changed the cotton production industry in England.
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James Hargreaves’ The Spinning Jenny
Hargreaves’s machine allowed spinners to produced thread faster
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James Watt’s Steam Engine
• James Watt enabled the steam engine to drive machineries
• Steam engines now used to spin and weave cotton
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4joqYycnqM6:50
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The Coming of the Railroad: Trevithick’s Engine
• In 1801, Richard Trevithick first attached a steam engine to a wagon.
• Trevithick’s engine was not successful for moving people, but he had planted the idea of human train transport.
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George Stephenson’s Rocket
•Just a few years later, George Stephenson designed and built the Rocket, the first steam locomotive practical for pulling rolling stock (train cars).
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Social Impact of Industrialization
• Industrial Revolution changed society
• Between 1800-1850 cites grew
• Also two new social classes emerged – Industrial middle class– Industrial working class
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Population Growth and Cities
• Population Growth in Europe o 1750 = 140 million people o 1850 = 266 million people
• Industrialization also led to urbanization—people left the country and move to the cities to work in factories
• Cities also grew throughout Europe—led to pitiful living conditions, poverty, and diseases.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4joqYycnqM8:30
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Activity #1: New Social Classes • Read New Social Classes pg. 320. • Contrast the Two Social Classes that emerged during the
Industrial Revolution. • Activity directions:
1. Define the social classes. 2. Write 2 characteristics about each class.
Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class
Define: Define:
Characteristic #1 Characteristic #1
Characteristic #2 Characteristic #2
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Labor Conditions Factories were crowded, dark, and dirty Workers toiled from dawn to dusk Working conditions were dangerous
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Women Labor
Factory owners hired women and children because they worked for lower wages
Women gained economic power and independenceBefore industrialization, it
was almost impossible for a woman to remain single and live on her own
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Child Labor
• Malnourishment• Beatings• Runaways sent to prison• Factory owners argued that child labor was good for the
economy and helped build children's characters
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2M9i1Wy6IU
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Activity #2: Analyzing Primary Sources
• Read Analyzing Primary Sources (Pg. 320)• Document: The British Parliament Report on the
Condition of Child Labor • Date Written: 1857 • After you finish reading it: – Answer the DBQ question:
Why might the British Parliament have examined the conditions of child factory workers? Explain in a paragraph, providing at least 2 statements of support.
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Home Learning
• Industrial Revolution Worksheet #1 and #2Due Monday, April 6. YOU HAVE A QUIZ ON THIS DATE!!
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Assessment
• Have students write a diary entry from the perspective of an industrial male, female or child laborer working in a factory arguing for changes in the working conditions and subsequent living conditions they had to endure.