ch. 16.1 what is weather?. weather is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place sun...
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Ch. 16.1
What is weather?
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Weather is
The state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place
Sun provides almost all of Earth’s energy
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Air Temperature
The measure of the average amount of motion of molecules When temperature is cold molecules move slow When temperature is hot molecules move fast
River Example
Warm=Fast
Cold=Slow
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Wind
Wind is air moving in a specific direction Named for the direction it is coming from
Ex. Air that moves from west to east is called a west wind.
Wind moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
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Measuring Wind
Wind direction is measured using a weather vane.
Wind speed is measured using an anemometer.
Wind socks measure both speed and direction.
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Humidity
Amount of water vapor present in the air. Warm air holds more water vapor. Cold air holds less water vapor.
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Relative Humidity
A measure of the amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the amount needed for saturation at a specific temperature. Saturation is a state in which something is
completely soaked with liquid. Relative humidity is always
described as a percent.
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Dew Point
The temperature at which the air is saturated and condensation forms. Dew point occurs when the air can’t hold any
more water vapor. Measured in degrees At 0°C, frost may form
This dew
Not this
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Forming Clouds
Clouds are formed when warm air is forced upward, expands, and cools.
Water vapor condenses into tiny droplets on small particles such as dust and salt in the atmosphere.
Billions of these droplets form a cloud.
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Stratus Clouds
Form layers, or smooth even sheets in the sky
Fog is an example of a stratus cloud
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Cumulus Clouds
Puffy, white clouds, with flat bases Cumulus clouds look like cotton balls
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Cirrus Clouds
Cirrus clouds are thin, white feathery clouds made of ice crystals
Cirrus clouds occur at higher elevations in the troposphere
Cirrus clouds can indicate approaching storms
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Prefixes of Cloud Names
Cirro- describes clouds at high a elevation Alto- describes middle elevation clouds Strato- describes clouds at low elevation Example: Cirrostratus are smooth clouds at
high elevations of the troposphere.
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Precipitation
Clouds associated with rain or snow often have the term Nimbus attached to them.
Example: Cumulonimbus clouds produce thunderstorms.
Example: Nimbostratus clouds are layered clouds that can produce long, steady, rainfall or snow.
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Rain
Rain occurs when warm air rises, cools, condenses
The dew point is reached, the air becomes saturated and water droplets fall from the clouds.
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Snow
Snow occurs when the air temperature is below freezing.
Water droplets freeze and fall as snowflakes.
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Sleet
Sleet forms when the water droplets fall and freeze before they reach the surface of the Earth.
The temperature of the clouds are above freezing.
The temperature close to the Earth surface is below freezing.
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Hail
Hail forms in high level clouds where the temperature is below freezing.
The water droplets in the clouds freezes. The surface temperature of the Earth is
above freezing.