ch 15 pictures. is your clicker # on this list? 14, 23, 29, 36, 40, 53, 69, 74, 75, 92, 93, 99, 100....
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Ch 15 pictures
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Is your clicker # on this list?
• 14, 23, 29, 36, 40, 53, 69, 74, 75, 92, 93, 99, 100.
• If so, let me know your name so I can give you credit for attending class.
• Thanks! Dr. H
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• Today:
• Announcements
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Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective
1860’s Mendel proposed1860’s Mendel proposedthat discrete factors that discrete factors segregated and independentlysegregated and independentlyassorted during gameteassorted during gameteformation.formation.
GeneticsGenetics CytologyCytology
1875: Cytologists worked out1875: Cytologists worked outthe process of mitosis.the process of mitosis.
1890: Cytologists worked out1890: Cytologists worked outthe process of meiosis.the process of meiosis.
1900: Three botonists1900: Three botonists(Correns, deVries and (Correns, deVries and von Seysenegg) independently von Seysenegg) independently rediscovered Mendel’s Principlesrediscovered Mendel’s Principles20 years after his death.20 years after his death.
Early 1902: Walter Sutton, Theodor Boveri and others hypothesized that genes are on chromosomes.
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
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Drosophila melanogaster
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Morgan’s SymbolsMorgan’s SymbolsWild TypeWild Type MutantMutant
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Morgan’s SymbolsMorgan’s Symbols
(homozygote recessive)(homozygote recessive)(heterozygote)(heterozygote)
White Eyes = wWhite Eyes = wRed Eyes = w+ Red Eyes = w+ w+w ww
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Morgan’s SymbolsMorgan’s Symbols
Curly Wings
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Question 15.1
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Sex-linkage in DrosophilaSex-linkage in Drosophila
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First Filial Generation of Fruit Flies
Male
Female
w+(X chromosome)
w+ w
w (X chromosome) Y chromosome
w+(X chromosome)
w+ w w+ y
w+ y
F1 PhenotypeAll redEyes
GenotypeFemales= w+w
Males=w+y
Parentals
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Second Filial Generation of Fruit Flies
Male
Female
w+(X chromosome)
w+ w
w+ (X chromosome) Y chromosome
w(X chromosome)
w+ w+ w+ y
w y
F23/4 redeyes
1/4 whiteeyes
Only males had
white eyes
F1 generation
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Y Chromosome in Humans
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Recessive Disorders
Red-green colorblindness
Duchenne muscular Dystrophy (muscles break down and are eventually lost)
Hemophilia (missing Blood clotting factor)
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Question 15.2
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Colorblind Inheritance Colorblind Inheritance in Femalesin Females
XcbXcb
Mother
Father
Xcb
XcbY
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Alterations in ChromosomesAlterations in Chromosomes
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Fig 15.12 Meiotic NondisjunctionFig 15.12 Meiotic Nondisjunction
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One copy of Chromosome #1
No chromosome#1
Fertilization
One Chromosome #1X Embryonic
LethalAll otherspaired
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Monosomy XOMonosomy XO
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Trisomy XXY
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Trisomy Chromosome 21Trisomy Chromosome 21(not in a sex chromosome)(not in a sex chromosome)
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Fig 15.14: Alterations in Chromosome Structure
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Chromosome 5 deletion
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Question 15.3
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X inactivation and the tortoiseshell cat
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Figure 15.9 Some chromosomal systems of sex determination
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Question 15.4