ch 14 beg of global age ppt (1)

7/31/2019 Ch 14 Beg of Global Age PPT (1)

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Ch. 14 The Beginnings of Our Global

Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia 1415-

1796


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The Motivations to Explore

Control trade of an area for items

Spices, medicines, perfumes

Curiosity beginning in the Renaissance

Marco Polo, invention of printing press

Later, religion or mask of religion becomes factor


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Prince Henry the Navigator 1415

Begins school of navigators and cartographers

Chief goal is to explore and eventually sail around Africa

Motivation to

Spread Christianity to Africa

Convert sources of Muslim traders riches for Portugal

1488, Bartholomeu Dias rounds tip of Africa around Cape of Good Hope


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Typical Explorer Identity

1. Searching for wealth, fame, and/or fortune

2. Suffers hardships on long journeys to newly

discovered territory

3. Finds new lands

4. Negotiates treaties with native groups

5. Begins profitable trade for Europeans

6. Start of European Imperialism around theworld


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Key Improvements to Sailing

1. Better compass

2. Improved mapmaking

3. Faster ships

4. Astrolabes- applied to shipping


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Columbus Reaches the Americas

As the Portuguese sailed East toward Asia, the Spanish wanted

to share in the trade and wealth from Asia In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed to finance,

or pay for a voyage by Christopher Columbus

On August 1492, Columbus set sail with three vessels and a crew of 90

sailors

The Santa Maria, Nina and the Pinta were his three sailing ships.

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October 11th, the sailors

discovered land

This land was not the Indies but

the Bahamas.Columbus established the first

Spanish colony in the Americas

Hispaniola

A colony- a territory under theimmediate political control of a

distant country

Native Americans on the island

were called IndosColumbus did not realize he was

in the West Indies, not the East

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Columbus met the Tainos

Columbus promised Queen Isabella that in another

trip he could convert the Indians to Christianity and

enslave them

He claimed the land and enslaved the Taino


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9

The Spanish

Cross the Pacific

In 1511 the Spanish settled

in the Caribbean Islands

Columbus had conquered

Puerto Rico, Jamaica and

Cuba


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10

In 1513 Vasco Nunez de

Balboa reached the Pacific

Ocean

He claimed the Pacific

Ocean for Spain


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In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan sailed across the

Pacific Ocean around the tip of South America

Europeans became aware of the true size of the

world.


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In 1522, one ship and 18 sailorscircumnavigated, or sail

completely around the world

Only one ship from Magellans fleet returned home to Spain in

1522

First to circumnavigate the globe.


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Routes to find the riches of Asia

1. East around Africa

2. West through Central America

3. Northwest Passage through North America

4. South through Straits of Magellan (SouthAmerica)

1497 Vasco da Gama follows Dias and roundstip of Africa to India

Portuguese create ports on coast of India


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Dividing the globe

1493 Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain push Pope to set a Line of

Demarcation Line splits non-European world between Portugal/Spain

Treaty of Tordesillas- signed in 1494 between Spain/Portugal splitting

world between two empires


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Portuguese Influence Spreads in Africa

Set up posts around

continent Collect water, food, and

supplies

Began attacking existing

cities: Mombassa andMalindi

Main goal was to get to

India


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Portuguese Trading Posts

Traded muskets, tools, and cloth for gold,

ivory, hides, and slaves

Left forts to supply and defend their ships, not

to start colonies

Set up to expel Arabs in East African trade

network (avoiding middleman)

Portuguese never ventured very far from the

coast


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New Era Begins:

African Slave Trade 1500s-1600s

Slaves had been in every major society in world history

Plantations: large estates run by an owner or an owners

overseer

Servants could also be purchased for wealthy European

families

African tribes did the dirty work

Brought captives to trade as slaves to Europeans

In return, they receive textiles, metal work, rum, tobacco,

weapons, and gunpowder


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WHO CONTROLS THE SLAVE TRADE?

New African States Arise

Asante Kingdom Late 1600s Present day Ghana

United by Osei Tutu

Resisted Denkyera Kingdom

by proclaiming a right torule from heaven

Government officials

chosen by birth managing

gold mining and the slavetrade


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Monopoly: exclusive control of a business or industry

Asante monopolize slave trade with Europeans

Play Europeans against one another

Oyo Empire

Present-day Nigeria

Late 1600s, leaders use slave trade wealth to build an army


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Decline of Portuguese-

Arrival of Dutch, British, and French

1600s Portuguese power declines with arrival of Dutch,

British, and French in the region

1652 Dutch found Cape Town

Settled by the Boers

Mid 1600s, British and French meet present day Senegal

1788 British establish African Association to sponsor explorers

to Africa


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Portugal Builds an Eastern Empire

After Vasco da Gamas voyage, Afonso de Albuquerque led the

Portuguese into the Indian Ocean Muslim ruled Mughal Empire controlled the region

Princes in Southern India turn to side of the Portuguese


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More Outposts

1510 Goa becomes a major

Portuguese military andcommercial base

Muslims become target of

Portuguese

Fall of Malacca in 1511 seesMuslim massacre

Extension of outposts from

East Africa to India allows

spice trade to be controlled

by Portuguese

Portuguese focus on turning

Muslims to Christianity


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Rise of the Dutch

Cape Town (South Africa) was first Dutch colony

By 1599, Dutch use Cape Town and othersettlements/colonies/outposts to gain influence

Dutch East India Company Routes


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Dutch East India Company

1602 formed by wealthy merchants and controlled by

government

Could build armies, wage war, negotiate treaties and govern

overseas territory

1641 take Malacca from Portuguese

Set up trade with China and monopolize Spice Islands


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Close Ties with Locals

Dutch close to local rulers

Intermarriage takes place

Dutch hold Indonesian power until 1900s

French and British come to control Souteast Asia in 1700s

Emergence of Spanish

1521 Magellan (before he dies) claims Philippines for Spain

Division of Philippines allows easy conversion by missionaries

to Christianity

Philippines used as base to extend Spanish trade

Silver from South America to China


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Mughal Empire (India) Begins Decline

Through 1600s, Mughal controlled powerful Indian Empire

Exported spices, large quantities of silk and cotton cloth, andother luxury goods

Religious differences (Muslims vs. Hindus) caused decline of

power

European influence seeps in region Corruption destroys empire

European powers create East Indian companies to control

trade and government in region

Sepoys- Indian soldiers Companies use sepoy armies to dominate region


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Indian ArmiesBritish army blowing Sepoy mutineers from guns in 1857


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Matteo Ricci 1583-

1610

In spirit of MarcoPolo, Matteo Ricci

comes to China in

1583

Adopts Chinese dress

and customs over 30

years

Translates European

books into ChineseExtends Europes

knowledge of China


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European Contact

with Ming China

1514 Portuguese ships

reach China fromMalacca

Europeans were

considered barbarians

Silks and porcelainswere preferred products

Chinese wanted

gold/silver in return


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Macao (present day Guangshou) becomes post for Portuguese and

later Dutch, English, etc. trading

Trading supervised by imperial officials

Jesuit arrival led by Ricci expands contact between two societies


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The Manchu

Conquest

Early 1600s, Ming

Dynasty was in decay

Manchus push through

the Great Wall to seize

Bejing in 1644

Qing (ching) Dynastyemerges

Qing ruled through

local governments of

Chinese backed bymilitary might

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Brilliant Qing

Rulers

Kangxi

(kahngshee)1622-1722:

Extends Chinese

power into Central

AsiaQianlong

(chyahnlung) 1736-

1796:

Grandson of Kangxi;expands nation to

largest area in nations

history

Kangxi, Qing Emperor

Qianlong, Qing Emperor


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Rule of the Qing

Economy grows with

introduction of newproducts (potatoes,

corn)

Population rises from

140-300million (1740-1800)

1793 Lord Macartney

(Great Britain) arrives

with western products

for trade

Macartney insults

Chinese and they

choose not to

negotiate trade


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Korea and Japan

1592 and 1597 Japan

invades KoreaKoreans had before

maintained contacts

all the way to the

MediterraneanJapanese burn

villages, famine and

disease result seeing

population drop

1636 Qing invade

Koreans begin

isolation period

J W l


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Japanese Welcome

Outsiders

Tokugawa shoguns

began to centralizepower and impose

order

Europeans arrive in

1543 (Portuguese)Japanese welcome

Christianity and

printing press

With as many as300,000 Japanese

Christians and Spain

seizing the Philipines,

shoguns become

hostile


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By 1638, Shoguns had persecuted

Christians, barred Europeans, and

banned foreign travel

This begins 200 years of foreignisolation


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Chapter 14 Vocabulary

Moluccas

Prince Henry

CartographerVasco da Gama

Christopher Columbus

Line of Demarcation

Treaty of Tordesillas

Circumnavigate

Mombasa

Malindi

PlantationAffonso I

Missionary

Asante Kingdom

Osei Tutu

Monopoly

Oyo empireCape Town

Boers

Alfonso de Albuquerque

Mughal empire

GoaMalacca

OutpostDutch East India

Company

Sovereign

Philipines

Sepoys

Macao

Guangzhou

Matteo RicciManchus

Qing

Qianlong

Lord Macartney

Nagasaki

ch 14 beg of global age ppt (1)

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