ch 14 a glucose regulation

8/17/2019 Ch 14 a Glucose Regulation

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Blood Glucose

Homeostasis


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Homeostasis

…is a set of feedback mechanisms thatkeep physiological parameters oforganisms within a narrowlydefned limit


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Blood glucose homeostasis

• Top threshold: 110 mg/dl

• Bottom threshold: 0mg/dl

Hyperglycemia: concentrations abo!e110 mg/dl

Hypoglycemia: concentrations below0 mg/dl


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"mportance of blood glucosehomeostasis

Brain uses #$% of blood glucose& "t isdependent on stable glucose le!els'

•

Hypoglycemia: leads to coma/death•Hyperglycemia leads to long termdamage of eyes( blood !essel( organs)kidney*


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+ancreas carries out Blood GlucoseHomeostasis

two hormones used for regulation1&"nsulin#&Glucagon


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+ancreas regulates blood sugar

• β-cells produce Insulin

• α-cells produce Glucagon


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Insulin

• Lowers blood glucose levels!!!

• "s released when blood glucose rises

above110 mg/dl

• ,orces li!er and muscles to take upglucose from blood stream

•

,orces li!er to make glycogen)animal starch* by linking glucosemolecule together


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Glucagon

• Raises blood glucose

• "s released when blood glucose falls

below 0 mg/dl

• forces li!er break down glycogen intoglucose and release it into the bloodstream


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Diabetes•

-hronic hyperglycemia• blood glucose le!els abo!e 1.0 mg/dl

• Two types of diabetes

iabetes ": no "nsulin: death of β-cellsfrom autoimmune disease

iabetes "": 1& "nsulin esistance:

muscle( li!er do not take up glucosedue to chronic insulin o!erdose #&"nsulin 2haustion like B"


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-ross section of thepancreas

Healthy insulin

producing cells

ead cells


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Glycemic "nde2 of ,oods

Glycemic index is a measure howmuch certain food spikes "nsulin

,ats comple2 re3ned

proteins carbs carbs

4ow high


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Getting o5 the "nsulinollercoaster

• -onsumption of sweets produces large6uctuations of blood sugar

• High highs followed by low lows produce

sugar cra!ings/addiction

"ns Glu "ns Glu "ns

…………………………………………………………&&

……………………………………………………………&

cra!ings cra!ings


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iet with low glycemic foods

• ,ats/proteins: nuts( legumes( somedairy( some meat

• +roduce less steep rises and falls

• ………………………………………………

…………&&• ………………………………………………

…………&&


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CDC Diabetes is te "astestGrowing #pidemic in te $%

• #$&7 million people in the 8nited9tates ha!e diabetes 7&.% of the

population• "f current trends continue( this rate

will ha!e grown to .0% by #0$0&


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• ;mong adults( diabetes is the leading

cause of new cases of blindness( kidneyfailure( and amputations of feet and legsnot related to accidents or in


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=utritionalecommendation1& >our diet should consist to 70% of low

glycemic foods&

#& ;!oid products containing the ?@hitesAre3ned sugar and re3ned( white 6our

.& egetables and proteins/fat: legumes(some dairy( some meat( oils/fats* shouldmake up the bulk of what you eat

C& "f you are healthy fruits are ok( but lessthan !egetables )know: smoothies Dcandy: high glycemic( 3bers are destroyedor remo!ed*


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4ifestyle ecommendations

• #xercise has a huge e5ect inbalancing "nsulin

• Eaintain a ealty weigt: body fatalone raises insulin le!els


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@hat about arti3cialsweetenersF

• ;rti3cial sweetners ha!e no calories

• They stimulate the insulin rollercoaster'''

• They lead to weight gain

• They lead to in6ammatory e!ents

stimulating heart disease andpossible cancer


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iabetes ideos

• !er!iew

• blood glucose animation

•

belly fat diabetes link• diabetes rap

• childhood obesityF

ch 14 a glucose regulation

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