ch 1.1 biomes-notes - sd67 (okanagan skaha)sd67.bc.ca/teachers/jheinrich/science 10...
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Unit 1Unit 1
Biomes and ecosystems are divisions Biomes and ecosystems are divisions of the Biosphereof the Biosphere
Biotic VS AbioticBiotic VS Abiotic
�� Biotic components of an ecosystem Biotic components of an ecosystem
are livingare living
Ex) Plants, animals, fungi and Ex) Plants, animals, fungi and
bacteriabacteria
�� Abiotic components are nonAbiotic components are non--livingliving
Ex) Sunlight, soil, moisture, and Ex) Sunlight, soil, moisture, and
temperature, rockstemperature, rocks
What are Biomes?What are Biomes?
�� Biomes are large regions that have Biomes are large regions that have
similar biotic and abiotic components:similar biotic and abiotic components:
--Similar plants and animalsSimilar plants and animals
--Similar temperatures and Similar temperatures and
annual rainfallannual rainfall
8 Terrestrial Biomes8 Terrestrial Biomes
Factors that Affect Placement of Factors that Affect Placement of
BiomesBiomes
�� Temperature and PrecipitationTemperature and Precipitation
Factors that Affect Characteristics Factors that Affect Characteristics
and Distribution of Biomesand Distribution of Biomes
The following influence The following influence temptemp and and
rainfall:rainfall:
•• LatitudeLatitude
•• ElevationElevation
•• WindWind
•• Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents
ClimatographsClimatographs
�� ClimateClimate-- average average
pattern of weather pattern of weather
conditions in a region conditions in a region
�� ClimatographClimatograph-- graph graph
of climate data for a of climate data for a
specific region (~30 specific region (~30
years of data)years of data)
AdaptationsAdaptations�� Enable organisms to better survive and Enable organisms to better survive and
reproducereproduce
�� This type of caterpillar mimics a viper which This type of caterpillar mimics a viper which
reduces the chance of it being eaten by reduces the chance of it being eaten by
predatorspredators
AdaptationsAdaptations
��Certain flowers have evolved petals Certain flowers have evolved petals
that resemble insectsthat resemble insects
��The male insect lands on the insectThe male insect lands on the insect--like like
petal and pollinates the flowerpetal and pollinates the flower
AdaptationsAdaptations�� Three types of adaptationThree types of adaptation
1) Structural1) Structural-- parts or features of an organism’s parts or features of an organism’s
body that enables it to survive or reproducebody that enables it to survive or reproduce
Ex) Porcupine quills, Arctic fox’s thick, white coatEx) Porcupine quills, Arctic fox’s thick, white coat
AdaptationsAdaptations2) Physiological2) Physiological-- physical or chemical event that physical or chemical event that
occurs within the body of an organism that occurs within the body of an organism that
enables survivalenables survival
Ex) Wolves can maintain a constant body Ex) Wolves can maintain a constant body
temperature regardless of temperaturetemperature regardless of temperature
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEl6TXrkZnk
AdaptationsAdaptations3) 3) BehaviouralBehavioural-- unique things that an organism unique things that an organism
does to survivedoes to survive
Ex) Burrowing owlEx) Burrowing owl-- uses old prairie dog hole for uses old prairie dog hole for
nest, lines nest with grass to keep cool, and nest, lines nest with grass to keep cool, and
places cow dung at entrance to hide scentplaces cow dung at entrance to hide scent
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjE0Kdfos4Y http://www.youtube.com/v/jsNjz4NRFrg
TundraTundra
��Located in the upper northern hemisphereLocated in the upper northern hemisphere
��Very coldVery cold
��Very dryVery dry
��Permanently frozen soil (few plants)Permanently frozen soil (few plants)
Boreal ForestBoreal Forest
��Far northFar north
��Below freezing half the yearBelow freezing half the year
��Coniferous treesConiferous trees
Temperate Deciduous ForestTemperate Deciduous Forest
�� E. Canada, E. USA, E. Asia, W. EuropeE. Canada, E. USA, E. Asia, W. Europe
��Trees lose leaves in winterTrees lose leaves in winter
��4 seasons4 seasons
Temperate RainforestTemperate Rainforest
��Along coastlinesAlong coastlines
��Cool and very wetCool and very wet
��Trees grow tallTrees grow tall
GrasslandGrassland
��Temperate and tropical regionsTemperate and tropical regions
��Grass with deep rootsGrass with deep roots
Tropical RainforestTropical Rainforest
��Found around the equatorFound around the equator
��Wet and warm all year roundWet and warm all year round
��Dense canopy of tall treesDense canopy of tall trees
Desert (Hot and cold)Desert (Hot and cold)
��Temperate and tropical regionsTemperate and tropical regions
��Days are hot, nights are coldDays are hot, nights are cold
��Minimal rainfallMinimal rainfall
Permanent Ice (Polar Ice)Permanent Ice (Polar Ice)
��Polar land masses and polar ice capsPolar land masses and polar ice caps
��Few animalsFew animals
��Extreme coldExtreme cold