Ch 11-4 China Terms Ch 11-4 China Terms ReviewReview

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BARBARIANSBARBARIANS……

Chinese reference to all Chinese reference to all who lived outside of who lived outside of China…China…

This view explains their long-This view explains their long-standing policy of standing policy of isolationism.,,isolationism.,,

KOWTOW…KOWTOW…

Europeans refused to do this Europeans refused to do this before China’s Emperors before China’s Emperors because it was a symbol that because it was a symbol that showed that foreigners showed that foreigners accepted their inferior accepted their inferior status…status…

Macao & Guangzhou…Macao & Guangzhou…

In the 1500’s, these were In the 1500’s, these were the only Chinese ports that the only Chinese ports that allowed foreign ships to allowed foreign ships to unload cargo.unload cargo.

OPIUM WAR…OPIUM WAR…

The Chinese fought against The Chinese fought against the British to stop the flow of the British to stop the flow of an illegal drug from India into an illegal drug from India into China…they were no match China…they were no match for the British and were easily for the British and were easily defeated.defeated.

TREATY OF NANJING…TREATY OF NANJING…

Ended the Opium Wars…the Ended the Opium Wars…the Chinese Emperor agreed to Chinese Emperor agreed to unequal terms under this treaty unequal terms under this treaty that allowed for increased foreign that allowed for increased foreign influence & control in China. Key influence & control in China. Key point…the British gained point…the British gained complete control of the Island of complete control of the Island of Hong Kong (lasted until 1997).Hong Kong (lasted until 1997).

EXTRATERRITORIALITY…EXTRATERRITORIALITY…

Westerners accused of a Westerners accused of a crime in China could be crime in China could be tried in their own courts tried in their own courts instead of in Chinese instead of in Chinese courts.courts.

SPHERES OF SPHERES OF INFLUENCEINFLUENCE……

An area in which a An area in which a foreign nation has special foreign nation has special economic privileges – economic privileges – these privileges also these privileges also gave western nations gave western nations political influence in political influence in China.China.

OPEN DOOR POLICY…OPEN DOOR POLICY…

The US called on European The US called on European nations to support this in nations to support this in China fearing that they China fearing that they would try to colonize China. would try to colonize China. (policy failed…but it did (policy failed…but it did protect US trade in China)protect US trade in China)

Taiping Rebellion…Taiping Rebellion…

Called for reforms in Called for reforms in government & society…it government & society…it marked the beginning of a marked the beginning of a long, slow revolution in long, slow revolution in China that would eventually China that would eventually lead to the end of dynastic lead to the end of dynastic rule.rule.

CI XI…CI XI…

Conservative widow of a former Conservative widow of a former Chinese Emperor who briefly Chinese Emperor who briefly seizes power and restores the seizes power and restores the Qing Dynasty…she is the last Qing Dynasty…she is the last Empress of China – when she Empress of China – when she dies in 1911, dynastic rule in dies in 1911, dynastic rule in China comes to an end.China comes to an end.

Boxer rebellion…Boxer rebellion…

Group who called for the Group who called for the expulsion of all foreigners expulsion of all foreigners from China…they are from China…they are easily defeated by an easily defeated by an international army of international army of western powers.western powers.

SUN YATSEN…SUN YATSEN…

Briefly served as President of the Briefly served as President of the new Chinese republic in 1911…new Chinese republic in 1911…helped to organize China’s helped to organize China’s Nationalist Party. His “3 Nationalist Party. His “3 Principles” called for unifying Principles” called for unifying China, improving their standard China, improving their standard of living, and forming a of living, and forming a democratic government.democratic government.

GUOMINDANG…GUOMINDANG…

Another name for the Another name for the Nationalist Party in Nationalist Party in China.China.

CHIANG KAI SHEK…CHIANG KAI SHEK…

Replaced Sun Yatsen as Replaced Sun Yatsen as the leader of the the leader of the Nationalist Party. Led the Nationalist Party. Led the fight against Mao and the fight against Mao and the Communists for control of Communists for control of China.China.

LONG MARCH…LONG MARCH…

Fierce battle between Chiang and the Fierce battle between Chiang and the Chinese communists that resulted in Chinese communists that resulted in the retreat of the communists to the retreat of the communists to remote northwest China…despite remote northwest China…despite this loss… the communists will this loss… the communists will regroup here and use the events of regroup here and use the events of WWII to their advantage and WWII to their advantage and eventually gain power.eventually gain power.

MAO ZEDONG…MAO ZEDONG…

Chinese communist leader Chinese communist leader who becomes Chairman of who becomes Chairman of the People’s Republic of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. He uses China in 1949. He uses propaganda to help push propaganda to help push his communistic ideology in his communistic ideology in China. China.

Historical status of Taiwan…Historical status of Taiwan…

After their defeat by Mao & the After their defeat by Mao & the Communist army, the Nationalists fled Communist army, the Nationalists fled mainland China to the island of Taiwan. mainland China to the island of Taiwan. There they established a democratic There they established a democratic government & capitalist economy. government & capitalist economy. Mainland China has never officially Mainland China has never officially recognized Taiwan’s sovereignty. The recognized Taiwan’s sovereignty. The political status of Taiwan has been a political status of Taiwan has been a political hot button for centuries. political hot button for centuries.