ch 1 organisational behaviour
TRANSCRIPT
What are organizations?What are organizations?Organizations are as old as human race
Organizations are sets of people who work together to achieve shared goals.
Created by individual or a group of people, who believe that they possess the necessary skills and knowledge, form an org. to produce goods and services
Why do organizations Why do organizations exist?exist?
Organizations allows
people jointly to
Increased specialization and division of
labour
Use large scale technology
Manage the external
environment
Economize on transaction
costs
Exert power and control
Which increases the value that an org. can create
Organizational BehaviorOrganizational BehaviorOB is the study of human
behaviour in organizational settings
People possess physical strength, skills of some kind, executive skills, and organizing abilities and OB helps harness these qualities and use them for achieving organizational goals.
DefinitionsDefinitions
OB refers to the behaviour of individuals and groups within organizations and the interaction between organizational members and their external environments.
OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Features Features 1. OB is the study of human behaviour
2. The study is about behaviour in organizations and
3. Knowledge about human behaviour would be useful in improving an organization’s effectiveness
The individual –organizational interface
Human behaviour in organizational settings
The organization
Models of Models of O.B.O.B.Organization differ in the
◦ Nature of the systems they develop and maintain
◦ In the result they achieveModels constitute the belief system
that dominates Mgt.’s thoughts and affect its actions.
Different models gives different results and applicable in different situations.
Organizational ModelsOrganizational ModelsModel Autocrati
cCustodial
Supportive
Collegial System
Basis of Model
Power Economic Resources
Leadership
Partnership
Trust, Community, Meaning
Managerial Orientation
Authority Money Support Teamwork Caring and compassion
Employee Orientation
Obedience
Security and Benefits
Job performance
Responsible behaviour
Psychological Ownership
Employee psychological result
Dependence on Boss
Dependence on Organization
Participation
Self discipline
Self motivation
Employee needs met
Subsistence
Security Status and recognition
Self-actualization
Wide range
Performance result
Minimum Passive cooperation
Awakened drives
Moderate enthusiasm
Passion and commitment to org. goal
Organizational Behaviour Organizational Behaviour and Mgt. Practicesand Mgt. Practices
“That is fine in theories, but in practice it does not work”
Main objective of O.B.Study
behaviour and direct
them towards
organizational goal
Various theories
are evolved
(developed by
industrially
advanced countries)
Gap between theories
and Practice.(These
theories might not applied in
Indian context)
Why theories Fail?Why theories Fail?
1)Lack of Proper Understanding2)Lack of Specific Applicability of a Theory
3)Lack of Universal Application4)Wrong Theory5)No Consideration given for System effects
Importance of O.B.Importance of O.B.O.B provides road map to our lives
in organizationO.B. uses scientific research to help
us understand and predict orgnal life.
O.B helps us influence organizational events.
O.B. helps an individual understand him/herself and others better.
O.B will help the manager basis of motivation and what to do to motivate subordinates.
O.B. is useful in maintaining cordial industrial relations.
O.B. serves the basis for human resource management.Understand problem and behaviourPredict the behaviourMotivate people towards higher productivity
and better result.O.B. is useful in the field of
marketing.
Shortcomings of O.B.Shortcomings of O.B.It better only at workplace, it may
fail on the domestic front.O.B. is selfish and exploitative.Ideas developed in particular
condition will not give same result in other conditions.
O.B. will not totally abolish conflict and frustration.
Nothing is permanent.
Contemporary O.B.Contemporary O.B.Three very important aspects in contemporary O.B.
O.B. is interdisciplinary in focus Psychology, sociology, engineering, social
science, political scienceA particular set of concepts is
accepted as defining the scope of O.B. Individual, interpersonal, group and intergroup
behaviour.O.B. assumes that there is no ‘one
best’ answer to a problem
Managing DiversityManaging Diversity
Diversity:- It deals with a collective mixture of differences and similarities, it includes, age, education, function, personality etc.
Diversity has two dimensions Primary and Secondary.
Diversity DimensionsDiversity DimensionsPrimary SecondaryAgeGenderMental and physical ability and characteristicsRaceEthnic heritageSexual Orientation
Geographic locationCultural ExperienceWork experienceIncomeReligion First languageOrganizational role and levelCommunication styleFamily statusWork styleEducation
Managing Diversity:- it is a philosophy about how differences among individual are accepted, respected and how to make them work cooperatively.◦it increases moral sense as well as
business senseDiversity is built in various groups
like;◦Project teams◦Business start-up teams◦Customer response teams◦Sales force and top level mgt. etc.
Barriers to accepting Barriers to accepting DiversityDiversityPrejudiceEthnocentrism: eg. Political party,
religious institutionsStereotypesDiscriminationHarassmentSexual harassment
How to manage Diversity?How to manage Diversity?
Promoting its awareness, increasing diversity skill, encouraging cultural and gender
diversity,committed top mgt. for diversity
Changed Employee Changed Employee ExpectationExpectationTraditionally,
◦Job-Security◦Attractive remuneration◦Housing provides motivation
but nowEmployees can be attracted,
retained and motivated through ◦Empowerment and◦Quality of status
Empowerment results in to,◦Redefining jobs◦Control over jobs◦Special privilege
Quality of status demands,◦Better treatment◦Challenging assignments◦Career advancement“Expectation of equality changed the traditional relationships between employee and owners”
GlobalizationGlobalization
Impact can be seen on H. R. Management
Mgt. require to cope up;◦Unfamiliar lawsAttitude◦Language Mgt. styles◦Practices Work ethics etc.◦Competitors
Major ChallengesMajor ChallengesGlobalization affects an increasing no. of managers and professionals
Internationalization puts a premium on certain competencies ( or skills)
Managerial learning is a critical process in ◦internationalization and ◦bringing teamwork
Management of careers in context of glob. Brings peculiar difficulties
How to face this How to face this Challenges?Challenges?Management must be most flexible and proactive
Helping best-qualified people to execute company’s strategy on global scale.
Technology Technology transformationtransformationTechnology:- it refers to something
as abstract as a recipe or formula or something as a concrete.
Competitive edge comes when managers achieve a harmonious integration of their human and technological resources.
Two dimensions of technology are:◦Automation ◦Information Technology
What employer can do?What employer can do?Employer should know about
◦Potential of worker◦Plan for effects of automation whether Displacement, replacement or
retraining is required.Manger must efficiently deal and help workers to adapt and make effective use of technology
Promoting Ethical Promoting Ethical BehaviourBehaviourEvery decision and behavior in
org. should have foundation of ethics, principles, and rules.◦Ethical concepts are understood◦Principles are respected and ◦Rules are observed