ch 1 first humans
TRANSCRIPT
PrehistoryPrehistoryThe time before
the written word.
How do we How do we find our past?find our past?
How do we How do we find our past?find our past?
Methods of Dating
Stratigraphy,Tree Rings,Road Cuts
Dating
Radio-Carbon DatingRadio-Carbon Datingdetermines an object’s age by measuring the amount of C-14
AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry)
• Another name for Radio-Carbon Dating• Used for samples that are far tinier than that
needed for standard radiocarbon dating • In AMS dating, researchers use an
accelerator-based mass spectrometer to count all the C14 atoms, rather than just those atoms which are decaying.
Blood MoleculesBlood MoleculesMay survive Millions of years and yield DNA information
Thermo luminescence dating Thermo luminescence dating determines an object’s age by measuring the light given off by electrons trapped in the surrounding soil
Early HominidsEarly Hominids
Hominids:Hominids: Having Human Characteristics
The study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them
ArchaeologyArchaeology
ArtifactsArtifacts tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings & household items left behind by early people
Oldest Hominid Remains Found in…Oldest Hominid Remains Found in…
Olduvai GorgeEast Africa
AustralopithecusAustralopithecusDiscovered by Donald Johanson
3-4 million years old
Australopithecus
What Lucy Looked Like…What Lucy Looked Like…
AustralopithecusAustralopithecus First uprighthominid
““southern apes”southern apes”
Mary Leakey
Louis LeakeyPAGE 18
Their son Richard Leakey discovers an Australopithicus skull
Australopithicusfootprints
Leakey Legacy
“Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.”
-Richard Leakey
Newsweek July 22, 2002
A remnant or impression of an organism from a past geologic age that has been preserved in the earth’s crust
FossilsFossils
Homo erectusHomo erectus“upright human being”, a species that emerged around 1.5 million years ago; 2nd stage of early human development
Homo erectus, Homo erectus, cont.cont.
Learned to use fire Learned to use fire to keep warm in to keep warm in colder areascolder areas
Homo sapiensHomo sapiens “wise human being”a species that emerged around 250,000 years ago; 3rd stage in human development
Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens “wise, wise human being”
a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 & 200,000 years ago
Homo sapiens Homo sapiens sapienssapiens they were the first anatomically modern humans WE BELONG TO THIS
GROUP TODAY.
Who was Neaderthal?
from the Greek for “Old Stone” the early period of human history, from approximately 2.5 million to 10,000 B.C., humans used simple stone tools
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age
Lifestyle
Hunter-gathering
Drawbacks to Hunting & GatheringDrawbacks to Hunting & Gathering
1. Food sources dry up2. No storage3. Isolation4. Short lifespan
Major advancesMajor advances
•Mastery of fire•Language
Technology
Lascaux CaveLascaux Cave
Art
ROCK ART PROJECTROCK ART PROJECT•Rough Draft Project due in class Monday
•Quiz on Vocab Wed/Thu•Test on Chapter 1 Next Fri•Pass out Project Info
ROCK ART PROJECTROCK ART PROJECT• Assignment: Test Grade. You will
produce a cave drawing with symbols and icons. It will also include a basic sentence telling a person that might find this in the future who you are. You will also make your own alphabet. Write out the letters of our current English alphabet and then create a new symbol for each letter.
End of 1st Section of Notes
The Ice Age
Most recent: 100,000-8,000 BC
Section 2:Neolithic Neolithic Revolution Revolution & Rise of & Rise of CivilizationsCivilizations
New technology
Pottery
Improvedtools (metalworking)
New New TechnologyTechnology
Marked a new level of human control over their environment
Use of MetalsUse of Metals
Rise of Villages
High Point of Neolithic High Point of Neolithic AgeAge
•Catal Huyuk, located in modern-day Turkey, high point from 6700 to 5700 B.C.
•Mud brick houses
Earliest Earliest WritingWriting
Cuneiforms
Food surpluses made it possible for people to do things other than farming
•ArtisansArtisans – a skilled craftsperson who makes products such as weapons & jewelry
•scribesscribes
End of the Neolithic Age
•Copper, then Bronze tools led to the Bronze Age
•Between 4000 & 3000 B.C.
•The use of metals marked a new level of human control over the environment & its resources
End of the Neolithic Age
Bronze Sword
Neolithic AgeNeolithic Age•Development of Cities•Mastered the art of farming•More complex societies•Created armies & built walled cities
6 characteristics of 6 characteristics of CivilizationsCivilizations
•1. Cities•2. Government•3. Religion•4. Social structure•5. Art•6. Writing
THE END
Essay QuestionsEssay Questions
1. Describe some of the dramatic changes that took place during the Neolithic Revolution and the consequences.
Essay QuestionsEssay Questions
2. Explain how the roles of men and women changed from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age.