ch. 1 – characteristics of life & organization of the human body
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Ch. 1 – Characteristics of Life & Organization of the Human Body. What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?. A. Anatomy- study of the structures of an organism. -Examples of 4 subcategories:. 1. Gross anatomy- large, what you can see. 2. Microscopic anatomy - tiny. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 1 – Characteristics of Life & Organization of the
Human Body
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What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?
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A. Anatomy- study of the structures of an organism
-Examples of 4 subcategories:
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1. Gross anatomy- large, what you can see
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2. Microscopic anatomy - tiny
Cytology= study of cells
Histology= tissues
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3. Developmental Anatomy-structure of an embryo (embryology)
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4. Pathological anatomy- diseased structures
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B. Physiology- study of the functions of an organism
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Virtually all processes in the body occur in order to maintain
Homeostasis• What is Homeostasis?
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Homeostasis- an organism’s maintenance of a relatively constant internal state within
set ranges.
Examples: Temp.= ~ 98.6 °Fb.p.= ~ 120/80 mmHgglucose= ~ 90-130 mg/dlBlood pH= 7.4hydration= ~60% H2O
MANY, MANY more!
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Homeostatic control mechanisms- -known as a feedback control loop-virtually all of the body’s organ systems can be involved -there are three basic components:
-Sensor (or receptor) – senses a change (the “stimulus”)
-Integrator, (control center) – interpret the change-Effector – produces response to the change
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Example:SENSOR: pressure sensor in the walls of the heart and major arteries senses low blood pressure (stimulus) and sends a signal to the brain.INTEGRATOR: Medulla oblongata in the brain determines degree in which b.p. must be corrected and send a signal back to the heart. EFFECTOR: the heart begins to beat faster thereby increasing pressure (response).
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NEGATIVE feedback loop-
-creates a response that opposes the initial stimulus or change. (reverses the change)
-works to stabilize physiological variables
-are responsible for maintaining homeostasis
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POSITIVE feedback loop--amplifies or reinforces the change that is occurring-can be harmful or disasterous CANCER!
-a few healthy positive feedback mechanisms=
childbirth, bloodclotting, sneeze
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What are the levels of organization in the human body?
-chemical (subatomic, atomic, molecules, macromolecules)
-organelles
-cells (differentiated to perform unique functions) 100 Trillion!
-tissues
-organs
-organ system (see below)
-organism (human)
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11 Body Systems(see pg. 8-12)
Integumentary (skin)Skeletal
Outer Protection:
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11 Body Systems(see pg. 8-12)
Skeletal MuscularSupport & Movement:
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11 Body Systems(see pg. 8-12)
Nervous Endocrine (glands and hormones)
Communication, Control, and Integration:
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11 Body Systems(see pg. 8-12)
Cardiovascular (circulatory)
Lymphatic (immune)
Transportation & Defense:
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11 Body Systems(see pg. 8-12)
Respiratory Digestive
Urinary (excretory)
Processing, Regulation, and Maintenance:
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11 Body Systems(see pg. 8-12)
ReproductiveReproduction: