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    Muir Woods,California

    Field Guideby Steve M Hall

    CGR4M-T

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    What is an Ecosystem?

    An ecosystem is acommunity of organisms

    that live, feed, reproduceand interact in the sameenvironment.

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    An ecosystemmay be a largearea, for example,birds may nest inone area, andfeed in a different

    one. Ecosystems can

    also be smallerareas, such as a

    pond or ameadow. This is an example of alarger ecosystem. Youcan see a food chain,showing how differentorganisms interact andfeed.

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    Energy Flow

    This is what shows where the energy inan ecosystem comes from and where itgoes.

    Eg: Very simple flow chart

    Th S

    Radiant Energy

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    Welcome to

    Muir Woods, Californiauir Woods, California

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    The Ecosystem

    Muir Woods is described as an oldgrowth forest ecosystem.

    Old growth forests, orvirgin forestsare forests that have not beendisturbed.

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    What's Up?

    Muir Woods is famous forit's sky-high coastal

    redwood trees. Oldgrowth forests due tend tohave larger trees, with

    layered canopies. *These layered canopies are created

    when larger trees die and fall whichallows other trees to flourishafterward as a result of the shadebeing removed.

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    The Biosphere

    What is the biosphere?The biosphere is the part of the

    world in which life can exist. Thefollowing pages detailing theinhabitants of the Muir Woods provesthat it is part of the biosphere, as it

    has living habitants.

    Map showing extent of chlorophyll concentrations in ocean and land

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    Inhabitants

    BirdsMuir Woods is the home to over 50

    species of birds. This is actually a lownumber of species for an old-growthforest, and it is due to the lack ofinsects. You won't find many beetlesand bugs in the Muir Woods,

    because the special tannin acidfound in the redwood trees is anatural insect repellent. Also,because of the towering tall coastal

    redwoods, there is so much shade, itis difficult for plants to grow. As weknow from our energy flow chart onpg 4, enough sun is a necessity forlife to function in an ecosystem.

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    1

    If you're lucky on your visit, you mightbe able to catch a glimpse of anorthern spotted owl or a pileated

    woodpecker!

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    1

    MammalsCommon mammals found in the Muir

    Woods include small mammals suchas the American Shrew mole,Sonoma chipmunks, western greysquirrels to larger deer and black

    bears. There are 11 species of bats that call

    the Muir Woods National Monumenttheir home, nesting in hollows in the

    trunks of the redwoods. A new species spotted in the Muir

    Woods as of November 2010 are seaotters, swimming in Muir Woods'

    water body, the Redwood Creek.

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    1

    Banana slug

    Western Grey Squirrel

    American Shrew mole

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    1

    Deer

    American black bear

    Sea otter

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    1

    The Lithosphere

    What is the lithosphere?The lithosphere (Lithos, Greek for

    rocky) is the outermost shell ofEarth. It is made up of the crust of theearth and a portion of the uppermantle. There are two types of

    lithosphere oceanic lithosphere,which exists at the bottom of theocean, and continental lithosphere,which is associated with continentalcrust.

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    1

    This next section will gointo detail about features

    of the lithosphere in theMuir Woods, such as thesoil and topographical

    profile.

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    1

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    1

    The Topography

    Watch your step! Thetopographical profile of

    Muir Woods consists ofmany pits and mounds!

    Mounds are created by the decaying

    fallen trees. Pits are created when the roots are

    ripped out ofthe ground

    as the tree isfalling.

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    1

    Soil

    The breathtaking redwoodtrees are found growing

    on a brown humus-richloam soil which is gravellyand somewhat sandy.

    This soil is part of theCentissima series, alwaysfound on sloping ground.

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    1

    Well-drained

    Developed fromsandstone and shale

    Slightly moderately

    acidic. Filled with moisture and

    humus.

    Very fertile due tolooseness and moistness

    Characteristics

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    2

    Appears rich and darkbrown.

    Moist to the touch

    Is able to be rolled into a

    ball Crumble when touched

    Clay, silt and sand are

    present.

    Running water over loamwill show it's drainage ishigh, therefore plantshave a healthy base togrow in.

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    2

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    2

    The Hydrosphere

    What is the hydrosphere?

    In physical geography, theterm Hydrospheredescribes all water foundon, under & over the surfaceof the planet.

    Remember the water cycle?That's all about theHYDROSPHERE!

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    2

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    2

    What's Happening

    With the Water?

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    2

    In The Muir Woods

    Water found in the Muiwoods is located in the

    Redwood Creek which is7.6 kilometres and reachesthe Pacific Ocean north o

    the Golden Gate at MuiBeach.

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    2

    The Golden Gate

    The Golden gate is the NorthAmerican Straitthat connects

    San Francisco Bay to thePacific Ocean. It is spanned bythe Golden Gate Bridge.

    A straitis a narrow waterwaythat connects two larger bodiesof water.

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    2

    Enjoy!

    Muir Woods National Monument is abreath-taking park on the PacificCoast of southwestern Marin County,

    California.

    Now that you have a bit ofbackground information of theenvironment, you will be able torespect it's natural beauty!

    Enjoy your stay in California, andMAKE SURE TO CHECK OUT THEMUIR WOODS!

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    2

    Works Cited

    Altman, Linda Jacobs. California. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2006. Print.

    Hart, John.Muir Woods National Monument. San Francisco: Golden Gate National Park

    Conservancy, 2011. Print.

    Michaels, Eric, and Will Sweeney.All about Redwood Trees. Portsmouth: Heinemann, 2009. Print.

    Minke, Gernot.Earth Construction Handbook: The Building Material Earth in Modern Architecture.

    Southhampton [UK]: WIT, 2000. Print.

    Spies, Thomas A., and Sally L. Duncan. Old Growth in a New World: A Pacific Northwest Icon

    Reexamined. Washington: Island, 2009. Print.

    Vogt, Gregory. The Lithosphere: Earths Crust. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century, 2007. Print.

    Wirth, Christian, Gerd Gleixner, and Martin Heimann. Old-growth Forests: Function, Fate, and

    Value. Berlin: Springer, 2009. Print.

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    Muir Woods,

    California

    Field Guideby Steve M Hall

    CGR4M-T

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    2

    What is an Ecosystem?

    An ecosystem is a

    community of organismsthat live, feed, reproduceand interact in the sameenvironment.

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    3

    An ecosystemmay be a largearea, for example,birds may nest inone area, andfeed in a differentone.

    Ecosystems canalso be smallerareas, such as apond or ameadow. This is an example of a

    larger ecosystem. Youcan see a food chain,showing how differentorganisms interact andfeed.

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    4

    Energy Flow

    This is what shows where the energy in

    an ecosystem comes from and where itgoes.

    Eg: Very simple flow chart

    The Sun

    Radiant Energy

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    5

    Welcome to

    Muir Woods, Californiauir Woods, California

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    6

    The Ecosystem

    Muir Woods is described as an old

    growth forest ecosystem. Old growth forests, orvirgin forests

    are forests that have not beendisturbed.

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    7

    What's Up?

    Muir Woods is famous for

    it's sky-high coastalredwood trees. Oldgrowth forests due tend tohave larger trees, withlayered canopies.

    *These layered canopies are createdwhen larger trees die and fall whichallows other trees to flourishafterward as a result of the shade

    being removed.

  • 7/30/2019 CGR4M Field Guide

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    8

    The Biosphere

    What is the biosphere?The biosphere is the part of the

    world in which life can exist. Thefollowing pages detailing theinhabitants of the Muir Woods provesthat it is part of the biosphere, as ithas living habitants.

    Map showing extent of chlorophyll concentrations in ocean and land

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    9

    Inhabitants

    BirdsMuir Woods is the home to over 50

    species of birds. This is actually a lownumber of species for an old-growthforest, and it is due to the lack ofinsects. You won't find many beetlesand bugs in the Muir Woods,because the special tannin acidfound in the redwood trees is anatural insect repellent. Also,because of the towering tall coastalredwoods, there is so much shade, itis difficult for plants to grow. As we

    know from our energy flow chart onpg 4, enough sun is a necessity forlife to function in an ecosystem.

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    10

    If you're lucky on your visit, you mightbe able to catch a glimpse of anorthern spotted owl or a pileatedwoodpecker!

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    11

    MammalsCommon mammals found in the MuirWoods include small mammals suchas the American Shrew mole,Sonoma chipmunks, western grey

    squirrels to larger deer and blackbears.

    There are 11 species of bats that callthe Muir Woods National Monumenttheir home, nesting in hollows in thetrunks of the redwoods.

    A new species spotted in the MuirWoods as of November 2010 are seaotters, swimming in Muir Woods'water body, the Redwood Creek.

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    12

    Banana slug

    Western Grey Squirrel

    American Shrew mole

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    13

    Deer

    American black bear

    Sea otter

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    14

    The Lithosphere

    What is the lithosphere?The lithosphere (Lithos, Greek for

    rocky) is the outermost shell ofEarth. It is made up of the crust of theearth and a portion of the uppermantle. There are two types oflithosphere oceanic lithosphere,which exists at the bottom of theocean, and continental lithosphere,which is associated with continentalcrust.

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    15

    This next section will go

    into detail about featuresof the lithosphere in theMuir Woods, such as thesoil and topographicalprofile.

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    16

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    17

    The Topography

    Watch your step! The

    topographical profile ofMuir Woods consists ofmany pits and mounds!

    Mounds are created by the decayingfallen trees.

    Pits are created when the roots areripped out ofthe groundas the tree isfalling.

  • 7/30/2019 CGR4M Field Guide

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    18

    Soil

    The breathtaking redwood

    trees are found growingon a brown humus-richloam soil which is gravellyand somewhat sandy.

    This soil is part of theCentissima series, alwaysfound on sloping ground.

  • 7/30/2019 CGR4M Field Guide

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    19

    Well-drained

    Developed fromsandstone and shale

    Slightly moderatelyacidic.

    Filled with moisture andhumus.

    Very fertile due to

    looseness and moistness

    Characteristics

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    20

    Appears rich and darkbrown.

    Moist to the touch

    Is able to be rolled into aball

    Crumble when touched

    Clay, silt and sand arepresent.

    Running water over loamwill show it's drainage ishigh, therefore plants

    have a healthy base togrow in.

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    21

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    22

    The Hydrosphere

    What is the hydrosphere?

    In physical geography, theterm Hydrospheredescribes all water foundon, under & over the surfaceof the planet.

    Remember the water cycle?That's all about theHYDROSPHERE!

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    23

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    24

    What's HappeningWith the Water?

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    25

    In The Muir Woods

    Water found in the Muir

    woods is located in theRedwood Creek which is7.6 kilometres and reachesthe Pacific Ocean north ofthe Golden Gate at MuirBeach.

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    26

    The Golden Gate

    The Golden gate is the North

    American Straitthat connectsSan Francisco Bay to thePacific Ocean. It is spanned bythe Golden Gate Bridge.

    A straitis a narrow waterwaythat connects two larger bodiesof water.

  • 7/30/2019 CGR4M Field Guide

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    27

    Enjoy!

    Muir Woods National Monument is a

    breath-taking park on the PacificCoast of southwestern Marin County,California.

    Now that you have a bit ofbackground information of theenvironment, you will be able torespect it's natural beauty!

    Enjoy your stay in California, andMAKE SURE TO CHECK OUT THEMUIR WOODS!

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    28

    Works Cited

    Altman, Linda Jacobs. California. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2006. Print.

    Hart, John.Muir Woods National Monument. San Francisco: Golden Gate National Park

    Conservancy, 2011. Print.

    Michaels, Eric, and Will Sweeney. All about Redwood Trees. Portsmouth: Heinemann, 2009. Print.

    Minke, Gernot.Earth Construction Handbook: The Building Material Earth in Modern Architecture.

    Southhampton [UK]: WIT, 2000. Print.

    Spies, Thomas A., and Sally L. Duncan. Old Growth in a New World: A Pacific Northwest Icon

    Reexamined. Washington: Island, 2009. Print.

    Vogt, Gregory. The Lithosphere: Earths Crust. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century, 2007. Print.

    Wirth, Christian, Gerd Gleixner, and Martin Heimann. Old-growth Forests: Function, Fate, and

    Value . Berlin: Springer, 2009. Print.