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What is Cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells originating in the cervix uteri. In other words, it is a disease in which the cells of the cervix become abnormal and start to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors.

Cause of Cervical Cancer Human papilloma virus is an antecedent for cervical cancer.It has been detected in about 90% cervical cancer specimens.It is the second most common cancer in women globally.It is the only cancer with a single major carcinogen.

Over a 100 strains of HPV has been identified.People with strains 60, 11,42,43,44 are at low risk of getting

cervical cancer.People with stains 31, 33, 35, 51, 52 and 58 are at

intermediate risk of getting the infectionPeople with strains 16, 18, 45 and 56 are at high risk of getting

cervical cancer.

MechanismE7 binds and phosphorylates pRB, thereby activating E2F

transcription factor.DNA replication proteins of host cell are then expressed then

unchecked S-phase occurs.E6 marks p53 for proteolytic degradation so it cannot activate

apoptosis.

E6 is pleiotropic. It stimulates the expression of transcription factor HIF-1α.

HIF-1α is normally expressed in instances of hypoxia. It does this by stabilizing p53 in order to induce apoptosis of hypoxic cells.

However, p53 is degraded by E6 in HPV infected cells.This makes HIF-1α stimulate neoangiogenesis for tumor cells.

E7 is also pleiotropic. It Inactivates and and thereby, increases growth of infected cells.

E7 interacts with HDAC and IRF-1 and blocks expression of the IRF-1 gene by inhibiting HDAC.

This results in the evasion of cell growth from immune response.

TreatmentCervical cancer has no cure.HPV has no cureCervical cancer can be removed surgically.

Hypothesis

By increasing the number of test carried out using vinegar, the incidence of cervical cancer will reduce dramatically.

AimTo use vinegar to test to detect early stages of cervical cancer.Reduce the risk of getting stage 4 cancer.Reduce amount surgical procedures and their risk.Reduce the risk of loosing cervix, uterus ovaries or womb.

SignificanceHelp reduce the number incidence of cervical cancer.Prolong life span.Help save organs for future use.

InnovationVinegar which is a liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid

(CH3COOH) and water. The acetic acid is produced by the fermentation of ethanol by

acetic acid bacteria.Vinegar is used domestically as a cooking ingredient or as a

general household cleanser.

ReferenceAllison, J. S., Jiang, M. & Milner, J. (2009). Oncogenic viral protein

HPV E7 up-regulates the SIRT1 longevity protein in human cervical cancer cells. Open-Access Impact Journal on Aging. Retrieved from http://www.impactaging.com/papers/v1/n3/full/100028.html

Associated Press. (2013). Vinegar cancer test saves lives, India study finds. FoxNews.com. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/health/2013/06/02/vinegar-cancer-test-saves-lives-india-study-finds/

Wells, B. (2008). HPV & Cervical Cancer Mechanisms. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/brandolina1/hpv-and-cervical-cancer-mechanisms

Oncohealth. (2013). Cervical Cancer Diagnosis. Oncohealthcorp.com. Retrieved from http://oncohealthcorp.com/technology.html