CERTIFYING BUSHMEAT: AN OPTION FOR SUSTAINABLE HUNTING IN COLOMBIAN AMAZON?

María Paula Quiceno, Jessica Moreno, Nathalie van Vliet, Daniel Cruz-Antia, & Robert Nasi

ATBC 2014 SymposiaINNOVATIVE WAYS FOR CONSERVING THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED BY BUSHMEAT

Cairns, Australia

INTRODUCTION

Eco-certification for wildlife friendlyproducts and producers:

• Don’t include wildlife products (particularly with hunted animals)

Ecolabelling certification programmes have been developed for a variety of non-wildlife based products.

En Colombia:

Certification for bushmeat trade coming from sustainably managed areas has neverbeen tested

INTRODUCTION

Europe, United States, Canada, Argentina, other

countries): ranching, hunting quotas and certified high

quality and organic wildmeat from ranching areas.

África: Community Based Wildlife

Management (hunting quotas).

(CAMPFIRE project in Zimbabwe)

INTRODUCTION

Peccary Pelt project

Tahuayo-Blanco river basin (El Chino, Buena Vista, Diamante and San Pedro), Perú.

Turkey Project, Reserva de la Biósfera Maya

in Guatemala.

Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata)

• Leticia (38000 inhabitants) trades 21 tons of bushmeat

per year, equivalent to ~USD$ 68,000 yearly

• The regional environmental authority invests

~USD$365,000 yearly for law enforcement (Leticia,

Puerto Nariño and surrounding local communities)

INTRODUCCIÓNCONTEXT

Co-management systems and certified wildmeat

trade chains

Centralized law enforcement system

- What is the potential for consumption and trade of certified

bushmeat?

- What do consumers and institutions know about certification?

- What are the criteria to ensure hunting sustainability?

- Would consumers choose to pay a premium price for certified

bushmeat?

- What would be the selling price of certified bushmeat?

- What are the benefits, risks and opportunities of certified

bushmeat?

Based on the recognition that: well-managed wildlife trade can reverse the declines in

threatened species and open up new opportunities for income generation and secure

subsistence resources for food and health.

We asked:

METHODOLOGY

Participation of stakeholders in the process

Potential to sale certifiedbushmeat

Market chain actors(n=29)

Institutions (n=16)

Feasibility of certification and environmental, socioeconomic and

health criteria

Benefits and risks of legalization and certification of bushmeat

Consumers, Market chain actorsand institutions.

Knowledge of certification

Potential to purchase certifiedbushmeat

Bushmeat consumption Consumers (n=403)

International tourists (n=34)Local consumers (n=336)National tourists (n=33)

Reasons to consume or avoid bushmeat

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Reasons to consume: nutrition (39%), taste (13%), cultural (12%), experience (7%) and social linkages and events (2%).

Reasons to avoid: hasn’t had the opportunity (6%), dislike (5%), wildlife conservation (2%), health and hygiene (2%), taboo, cultural and different diet (2%).

Bushmeat consumption is a fact: local consumers (65% n: 336), international tourists (47% n: 34) y national tourists (39% n: 33)

24%

76%

Would you buy certified busmeat? NO YES

WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL OF CONSUMPTION OF CERTIFIED BUSHMEAT?

Consumers

Reasons to sell certified bushmeat:

• Cultural (27%), tourism (24%), taste (3%), economy (3%) and consumption (3%).

Market chain actors

The 98% (n=29) of surveyed market actors would sell certified bushmeat.

«…the other meat types are

very bad … people know it and

always look for bushmeat,

they always ask me: is there

any bushmeat?, and I say

CLARO® !»

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL TO SALE CERTIFIED BUSHMEAT?

- There is a general lack of knowledge.

Wildlife friendly

Fair trade

Organic products

Unknown

Forest products

Eco-tourism

INSTITUTION Wildlife friendly

Fair trade

Organic products

Control health

Unknown

CONSUMERS

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

WHAT DO CONSUMERS AND INSTITUTIONS KNOW ABOUT CERTIFICATION?

Wildlife monitoring

Police control

Hunting quotas

Delimitation of hunting

areas

OthersENVIRONMENTAL

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA TO ENSURE HUNTING SUSTAINABILITY ?

Association of hunters

and traders

Distribution of benefits

Traditional hunting

rules

Controlled market chains

OthersSOCIOECONOMIC

Wildlife managed within the

forest

Quality bushmeat

Hygienic handling

OthersHEALTH

WOULD CONSUMERS CHOOSE TO PAY A PREMIUM PRICE ?

Consumers

Price USD $

Bu

shm

eat

Kg.

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

Andeanmestizo

Indigenous Amazonmestizo

Internationaltourists

Nationaltourists

1. Less than 3,72 2. 3,72 to 7,97 3. More than 7,97

Bu

shm

eat

dis

h

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Andeanmestizo

Indigenous Amazonmestizo

Internationaltourists

Nationaltourists

1. Less than 3,72 2. 3,72 to 5,32 3. 5,32 to 7,44 4. More than 7,44

USD $ 7/kgUSD $ 8/dishRestaurants

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Market seller

Kg.

5,85 to 8,50 NO

0%

50%

100%

Food stalls Restaurants

Dish

YESNO6,91 to more than 8,505,31 to 6,913,72 to 5,31

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

WHAT WOULD BE THE SELLING PRICE OF CERTIFIED BUSHMEAT?

Price USD $Price USD $

Market chain actors

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS ?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Marketseller

Food stalls Restaurants Consumers Institutions

Others

Reduction of police control

Better economic gains

Healthy and hygienic nutrition

Consolidation of a network ofsustainable useWildlife conservation

Continuity of traditionalculture

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

WHAT ARE THE RISKS?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Institutions Consumers

Others

None

Entry of uncertifiedbushmeat in the legal chain

Increase in the price ofbushmeat

Loss of control by authorities

Overexplotation of wildlife

CONCLUSIONS

• Wildlife monitoring

• Social organization (association of hunters and traders)

• Controlled market structure

• Hygienic handling

Then, certification would be based on:

Consumption is a cultural decision instead of an economic

decision

• A baseline of hunting and trade

Participatory monitoring

• Building local institutions for bushmeat

certification

Coherence with legal framework and local

governance.

• Experimentation with restricted market chains

Social learning.

CONCLUSIONS

What do we need?

• Economic analysis of the chain value.

Certified bushmeat price system.

• Experimentation of bushmeat certification

Including risk assestment

www.cifor.org/bushmeat

Thank you

Gracias!

FORESTS, WILDLIFE & NUTRITION