Certificate in Equine Surgery

Please view the general documents to obtain copies of: The stages of enrolment information. B.1: Guidance Notes for candidates on general requirements. H. Role of Advisers to Certificate Candidates. The following papers are enclosed: B.2: Specific Guidance Notes for the Certificate. These notes explain what is required in terms

of experience and in terms of the content of the Certificate examinations. C: Syllabus and Commentary for the Certificate. D: Reading list. E: Application Forms E.lA, E.2. E.lA - for specific details of practice E.2 - for final approval of experience and for permission to submit an entry to the

examination F. Techniques and Procedures G. List of Advisers – also refer to Lists of Certificate holders in Register of Members. A copy of the most recent Examination Question Paper is enclosed for your information. Web Doc – Jan 2011

B.2 - 2011

The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Specialisation and Further Education

THE CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS)(SOFT TISSUE)

SPECIFIC GUIDANCE NOTES FOR CANDIDATES [These notes must be read in conjunction with the B1 General Guidance Notes to Candidates] If you are working on a day-to-day basis in equine activities and wish to have your knowledge and practical expertise tested and recognised at a level at least two years beyond that of a newly qualified graduate, you can apply to the RCVS to enrol as a prospective examination candidate. MEMBERSHIP OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

1. It is a requirement of the Equine Board that ALL Candidates entering for the Certificate are Members of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (MsRCVS).

SPECIFIC EXPERIENCE

2. Candidates working in practices which are not solely or mainly equine are advised to obtain

periods of experience in centres or practices other than their own, to supplement the experience they can gain in their normal working situation - rather in the nature of short clinical attachments. In a similar vein, those working in referral or teaching centres without access to the rigours and demands of unsupported first opinion practice are advised to obtain experience in such a situation. Candidates should expect that a longer period of experience than the minimum of two years could well be specified by the Board in such cases. Experience would therefore, not necessarily be approved in the first instance.

3. Candidates may gain experience for a Certificate (a) at an approved centre for their subject or (b) at

an approved practice.

Approved Centre Route

4. Candidates following the approved centre route will not be permitted to enter for the examination until they have been a Member of the College or held an approved veterinary qualification for at least two years and have gained experience in the subject over at least one year full time or two years’ part time.

5. Applications for approval of a Centre must be made directly by the Centre to the RCVS and not

by the candidate. An application form can be obtained from the RCVS.

APPROVED CENTRES FOR RCVS EQUINE DIPLOMAS AND CERTIFICATES

NOVEMBER 2006 November 2007 and 2008 (status quo)

SUBJECT CENTRE DIPLOMATE/

SPECIALIST STATUS APPROVAL

YES/NO Cert Equine Practice

None N/A Inappropriate N/A

Internal Medicine

Liverpool Vet School

Professor D K Knottenbelt

Expires Nov 2011

RE-APPROVED Nov. 2006

Internal Medicine

RVC Miss N J Menzies-Gow Dr R Piercy

Expires Nov 2011

RE-APPROVED Nov. 2005

Internal Medicine

Massey University

Professor I G Mayhew Expires Nov 2011

APPROVED Nov. 2006

Stud Medicine Rossdale & Partners

Prof. S W Ricketts Dr C M Marr

Expires Nov 2011

RE-APPROVED Nov. 2006

Soft Tissue RVC Prof. R K W Smith Prof. S A May

Expires Nov 2011

RE-APPROVED Nov. 2005

Orthopaedics RVC Prof. R K W Smith Prof. S A May

Expires Nov 2011

RE-APPROVED Nov. 2005

Orthopaedics Hastsjukhuset Stromsholm Sweden

Dr D A Gorvy Expires Nov 2011

APPROVED Nov 2006

Approved Practice Route

6. Candidates following the approved practice route will not be permitted to enter for the examination until they have been Members of the College or held an approved veterinary qualification for at least three years and have gained experience in the subject over at least two years’ full time or three years’ part time.

7. There is no separate application form other than the candidate application forms included with

this Information Pack. Practices are approved for each individual candidate.

8. The Board has discretion to increase the requirements for experience for any candidate above the minimum specified if it is considered to benefit the candidate.

FINAL APPROVAL OF EXPERIENCE/ ADDITIONAL SUBMITTED WORK

Certification of Techniques and Procedures

9. Enrolled candidates will be issued with a list of certain techniques and procedures in which the candidate's competence must be certified by a senior colleague or by the adviser. The certified list must be signed by the candidate and counter-signed by their adviser and returned to the RCVS well before the closing date for entry to the examination, and preferably at the time of applying for final approval of experience.

10. This procedure has been adopted because the Board considers that, while it is essential to ensure

that all candidates are proficient in certain techniques, etc., it is difficult to examine all of these in a formal examination.

THE EXAMINATION 11. The examination consists of three Sections:

(a) 3 case reports (three sets of 3 case reports plus one electronic version) (b) 2 x 2 hour written papers, and (c) a clinical, oral and practical examination.

SUBMITTED WORK FOR EXAMINATION Number and Format

12. The aim of the Board in making the submission of case reports part of the examination is to gain information on each candidate's type and depth of practical experience.

13. Each candidate must prepare 3 case reports of approximately 3,000 words each on the elective

subject and not to exceed 10,000 words in total, excluding the lists of references cited at the end of each case, for submission to the RCVS, by the prescribed closing date, to be marked as part of the examination. One of the three cases MUST involve a series of individual cases. Three sets of the 3 case reports plus one electronic version are required. It is important for the candidate to consult his adviser on the selection and suitability of cases, and the preparation of the reports. (Refer to B3 – Guidance).

14. Candidates may wish to submit some cases (particularly in equine surgery) where they may not

have been directly involved in the practical procedure. For example, they may have acted as a ‘scrubbed-up’ surgical assistant or they may have been involved only in pre-operative examination, or post operative care. Such case material is acceptable provided that candidates shall specifically declare their personal involvement in each case. This must be done as a brief preface in each case submitted in the case book.

15. Candidates are asked to submit an electronic version of their submitted work together with their

hard copy. This will be retained at RCVS unless requested by the examiners for purposes such as checking the word count. The electronic version should be Microsoft Office 2000 or XP compatible and should be submitted on either CD or floppy disc/s. Please ensure that the disks are easily identifiable by placing them in an envelope with your name, and ‘Electronic version of submitted work for Certificate in Equine Surgery (Orthopaedics) OR (Soft Tissue)’ marked clearly on the front.

Word Count

16. The whole case book (containing the 3 case reports) should not exceed 10,000 words, excluding the lists of references cited at the end of each case. Candidates are advised that they must concentrate on providing ‘quality and not quantity’

17. A word count must be shown on the FRONT PAGE OF EACH case report.

18. In general, candidates should be encouraged to stay within a reasonable length for each case report,

write in a style suitable for publication, and adopt a structured approach in reporting.

Standard of Cases

19. The cases should be on appropriate topics which allow discussion – the most important part of a case e.g. modern thoughts versus traditional’. The standard should be high and ONE of the three cases should warrant in-depth discussion and be of sufficient quality for publication in for example, The Veterinary Record or Equine Veterinary Education (EVE).

20. Candidates are expected to demonstrate a high standard of literacy and presentation and detail in

case reports must be of a high standard. If the candidate does not satisfy the examiners in this section of the examination they will not be permitted to proceed to the remaining sections of the examination.

21. Published papers may not be submitted as case reports although work which has been the

subject of publication may form the basis for case reports. Grading Scheme: 22. The submitted work will be graded “Good Pass”; “Pass” or “Fail”. 23. Certificate work that achieves a “Good Pass” may be used as an example for prospective

candidates. WRITTEN EXAMINATION 24. Candidates are warned that answers should be given specifically and that illegible handwriting may

result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey.

Format 25. The format of the written papers will be as follows:

Paper I (2 hours) Section A: 1 hour - 8 compulsory short answer questions – (General Surgery) Section B: 1 hour – 4 x 15 minute questions – (on elective)

Paper II (2 hours) Section A: 1 hour - 8 compulsory short answer questions (on elective)

Section B: 1 hour – 2 out of 3 essay type questions (on elective) Marks Scheme: 26. Paper l will be marked out of 50 marks Paper ll will be marked out of 50 marks Total Mark for this Section (b) = 100 marks CLINICAL, ORAL AND PRACTICAL EXAMINATION 27. The clinical, oral and practical examination will extend over at least one and a half hours for each

candidate. 28. It may include some of the techniques and procedures that form part of the certified list submitted

by the candidate. 29. The practical examination will normally consist of at least a ‘steeplechase’ examination asking

short answer questions based on specimens for example photographs, radiographs, clinical pathology or other relevant data.

30. During the clinical component of the examination, each candidate will be examined by at least

one examiner with a minimum of 2-live animals as the basis of the questioning. 31. Finally, each candidate will have an oral examination with ALL examiners at which questions may

be asked of the candidates in relation to the case reports submitted. 32. Candidates are reminded that good communication skills are important both to pass the

examination and to practise effective veterinary surgery. 33. Candidates should be equipped to carry out clinical examinations when attending the clinical,

practical and oral examination. Marks Scheme 34. The Clinical examination will be marked out of 50 marks.

The Practical examination will be marked out of 25 marks. The Oral examination will be marked out of 25 marks. TOTAL Mark for this Section (c) =100 marks. SYLLABUS AND READING LIST 35. There is a brief commentary on each syllabus which gives an indication of the standard of

achievement required of candidates. The syllabi do not give an exhaustive survey of the subjects, and are intended as guides to the areas in which candidates should have adequate knowledge and practical experience.

36. Reading lists are provided. However, in view of increased access to the internet, and the ready

availability of on-line literature searches, the Board has agreed that the existing reading lists should be frozen in 2002 and that in 2-3 years’ time these lists will be withdrawn altogether. In future, candidates will be expected to do their own research and are encouraged to seek advice on suitable reading matter from their advisers and through the RCVS Library and Information Service.

ADVISERS 37. Candidates should approach someone on the lists of Certificate and Diploma holders in the RCVS

Register of Members, to seek their agreement to act in this capacity. The adviser should signify their willingness to act by signing the application for final approval of experience Form E2. Alternatively, if a candidate has been unable to find an adviser the Board will make a suggestion - it is stressed that candidates keep in touch with their advisers throughout their preparations for the examination - candidates who seek guidance from advisers benefit significantly in their preparation for and performance in the examination. It is the responsibility of the candidate to take the initiative in this regard. Letters from the RCVS to candidates may be copied to their advisers. Advisers will advise a candidate on the suitability of material for case reports and MUST certify on the declaration that they have read at least one of the case reports prior to submission for the examination.

38. It has been the experience of the Examiners that candidates who do not liaise with their advisers

well in advance of their entry to the examination are more likely to be unsuccessful in the examination.

ATTENDANCE AT SHORT COURSES 39. Although there is provision in the byelaws to make attendance at short courses, or the acquisition

of credits, compulsory for those wishing to take a Certificate examination, the Board is not, for the time being, introducing such compulsory requirements. However, a candidate who would, in the Board's opinion, or in his own opinion, benefit from attendance at appropriate courses, should apply to attend - and attendance at these, or at relevant meetings, symposia, conferences, etc., will be taken into account by the Board in considering a candidate's application for approval of experience. In the early years, some applicants will already have attended appropriate courses, while others may be involved as instructors.

MEMBERSHIP OF VETERINARY ASSOCIATIONS/SOCIETIES 40. Enrolled candidates are encouraged to become a Member of the British Equine Veterinary

Association and attend meetings. ABBREVIATION FOR QUALIFICATION 41. Successful candidates are permitted to use the appropriate abbreviations after their name as

follows:

Certificate in Equine Surgery (Orthopaedics) - CertES(Orth) Certificate in Equine Surgery (Soft Tissue) - CertES(Soft Tissue)

42. Certificate holders who obtain the Diploma in the same subject cease to use the Certificate

abbreviation.

Originated 1994, Revised: July 1996, July 1997, June 1998, June 1999 , July 2000, Nov 2001, Nov 2002, Nov 2003, Nov 2005, Nov 2006/Nov

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS SPECIALISATION AND FURTHER EDUCATION EQUINE BOARD B.3 - 2011 Guidelines for candidates presenting case reports for: EQUINE CERTIFICATES AIMS In asking for case reports to be submitted as part of the examination, the aims are to - 1. Enable candidates to demonstrate that they can report objectively on cases with which they have been concerned.

2. Encourage candidates to attain a standard which will assist them in contributing to the literature in the subject.

CONTENTS The type of case chosen for inclusion will generally be from among those routinely presented for diagnosis and treatment. A case with some unusual feature, however, would particularly merit selection since it would demonstrate originality, and reporting it would enable other to recognise the condition and offer an improvement in treatment. Multiple cases with a similar problem have the advantage of offering the candidate an opportunity to discuss the variations found and how they may influence differential diagnosis and the results of therapy. FORMAT Objectivity requires an acceptable style, and it is hoped that the attached notes will be helpful. These are based partially on Instructions to Authors and Notes to Secretaries issued by the Equine Veterinary Journal. A report from the EVJ on preparation of case reports is enclosed, with the permission of the Editor. The following references give examples of case-reports presented in the suitable format. All can be downloaded from the Archive section of www.evj.co.uk. Flint, C., Dixon. P. (2001) A review of 5 cases of parotid melanoma in the horse. Equine vet. Educ. 13, 17-24. Tyler, R.J., Fox, R.I. (2003) Nasopharangeal malignant amelanotic melanoma in a gelding aged 9 years. Equine vet. Educ. 15, 19-26. Smith, L.J., Mair, T.S. (2004) Recurrent small colon obstructions in a foal age 7 weeks affected by a mandibular fracture. Equine vet. Educ. 16, 284-288. Gemeinharat, K.D., Molnar, J.A. (2005) Vacuum-assisted closure for management of a traumatic neck wound in a horse. Equine vet. Educ. 17, 27-33. Case reports should include the following sections:

1. Introduction - mentioning briefly previous reports or relevant literature on the subject, and stating

clearly the author's intention in reporting the case(s) concerned. 2. As appropriate - a. Case history - giving details of the subject (not the "patient") eg. age, breed, etc., medical

and other history. b. Clinical examination - describing the findings of the author, techniques, results of diagnoses,

therapy, etc. c. Further procedures d. Results e. Autopsy 3. Discussion - this section allows authors to discuss their case(s) in the context of other peoples'

findings and of differences, found in the particular case, with others in the literature or within the author's own experience. It may be used to highlight those aspects of the case which deserve special attention and throw new light on the subject. Reasoned advice to other colleagues is of particular interest in this section and can be given as a concluding paragraph.

It is an author's prerogative to adopt any format considered to be appropriate. Experience suggests,

however, that most cases are best reported under the format indicated above, and candidates should take advice if they are unsure of the optimal approach. The main consideration is that the report should be concise and its content easy to read and understand. In this context, figures (photographs, line drawings or graphs) should be used to support but not duplicate the text.

Notes on presentation and format of case reports 1. Each candidate must prepare 3 case reports, of a reasonable length written in a style suitable for

publication, and with a structured approach in reporting, for submission to the RCVS by the closing date for entry to the examination to be marked as part of the examination. Three sets of the 3 case reports PLUS one electronic copy are required, and each set should be indexed in a secure spiral bound cover.

2. Submitted work should be in a typed or printed format, together (if appropriate) with original

handwritten records or diaries. In regard to the latter, candidates are asked to ensure that any handwritten original records which are submitted are legible, or accompanied by typed or printed copies.

3. All reports should be of equine cases and should normally be the sole work of the candidate

although it is acknowledged that Equine Practice that several people might have been involved, when then has occurred it should be declared. Published papers, as such, may not be submitted as case reports, but work which is the subject of such publication may form the basis for case reports.

4. When submitted to the RCVS, the report should not bear the candidate's name but should be sent

with a covering letter and with a "compliments slip" included inside each set of reports. Examination numbers are affixed by the secretary to the Board.

5. The Board wishes to ensure that all candidates appreciate that, if their case reports are not of the

required standard, they will - fail the whole examination at this stage. It is essential that presentation and detail are of a high standard. Case reports would, normally, contain more detail

and general information than would be required or possible in a published paper, and may also deal with routine cases which would not usually be a subject for published papers.

6. In addition to reading these Guidelines and Notes it is important for candidates to consult their

advisers on the suitability of cases and the writing of case reports. If it is necessary for a proportion of a candidate's case reports to receive major attention in the form of re-writing by an adviser, only one such report may be presented for examination - identified to this effect.

7. In preparing the reports: These should preferably be double-spaced throughout. All headings should be placed on the left-hand side of the page as follows: MAJOR HEADINGS Sub-headings Minor sub-headings All paragraphs should be blocked left. Drawings and photographs should be referred to as figures, and numbered sequentially, and each

should be accompanied by a concise but informative caption. Dosages and measurements should be given in the units in which they were made, but non-metric

units must be accompanied by metric (SI) equivalents. Specialised abbreviations and symbols must be explained, eg. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). 8. References: Sufficient references must be included. The names of authors should be given in full for the first

citation and thereafter as et al when there are more than two authors. If the reference contains five or more authors, et al is used for each citation, including the first. Ampersands are not used, ie. Jones and Brown (1977) NOT Jones & Brown (1977). References within parentheses should appear in chronological order and be separated by a semi-colon, Eg. (Brown 1963; Jones and Smith 1971; Davis et al 1977).

The reference list should contain full authorship in all cases, regardless of the number of authors.

References should be arranged in strictly alphabetical order. When two or more references can the same authorship and year of publication they should be allocated a, b, etc.

The layout of references to papers should be: Smith F G, Jones M, Andrews I F and White C H (l98l) Clinical observations in sixteen cases of

diaphragmatic hernia in the horse. J.Am.Vet.Med.Ass. 148, 1237-1242. The layout of references to books should be: Jones J F (1962) Equine Science, 2nd Edition, pp 264-271, Bristol, Snaffer & Co. 9. Tables and illustrations: Only the minimum should be included - those considered essential to

clarify the text. References should be made in the text to all illustrations and tables. Explanatory captions should be sufficiently comprehensive to make the illustration, diagram, table or graph

intelligible without reference to the text. Photographs, radiographs and photomicrographs should be sharp glossy prints. Photomicrographs must state magnification.

10. In illustrating case reports, colour transparencies or photocopies of photographs should NOT be

used; all illustrations should be in the form of photographic prints (colour or black and white). 11. Photographs of X-rays are acceptable although it is appreciated that they can be costly to produce.

If therefore, a candidate prefers to submit X-rays, they should be presented in a separate secure folder.

12. A statement should be signed and accompany submitted case reports. (See sample below). 13. Re-submission of case reports - When a candidate achieves 50% or more in the submitted work

(case reports) but fails the examination as a whole, he/she will be given the option of updating the work and re-submitting it to gain a better mark but should be aware that he/she might fail on the second occasion. Case books which have not been updated will still have to be re-submitted but will not b remarked. A candidate may not resubmit work which has not been updated more than two years after the first occasion. When re-submitting case reports candidates should indicate which cases have been modified.

The following declaration (on a separate loose sheet) adapted by the candidate to suit the particular

circumstances of his/her own case reports, should be enclosed when submitting case reports: "I have been personally responsible for all the cases described in my reports. I wish, however, to acknowledge the following assistance: a. From my Adviser (name), particularly in relation to case report No......(which contains some

rewriting by my Adviser). b. From colleagues, as follows: Name........in relation to........(description of assistance). Name........in relation to........(description of assistance). Signed:...................................Date:..........................." This declaration should also be signed by your adviser and co-workers. (It is not necessary to acknowledge the assistance of veterinary laboratories, or veterinary investigation centres, etc., where relevant papers - with names deleted - are included as part of a case report). RCVS/JP/1985 RCVS/JP/June/1986 RCVS/JE/Apr/1989 RCVS/JE/July/1990 RECV/JE/June/1990 RCVS/JE/March/1992 RCVS/JE/June/1992 RCVS/JE/June/1995 RCVS/JE/April 2006

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL Equine vet J. (1988) 20 (1), 7-8

Special Article

Preparing a Case Report for publication P. D. ROSSDALE and JANETTE F. WADE Beaufort Cottage Stables, High Street, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 8JS L. B. JEFFCOTT Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030 Australia

What is a Case Report? CASE Reports are scientific papers which describe particular problems and/or conditions. They provide information obtained through authors’ experiences and are different to other scientific articles it that they are retrospective, rather than prospective, and are not based on experimental or pre-arranged protocols. However, they should not be an account of events without purpose and must contain sufficient original information to justify publication. This may be achieved by: 1) Providing a better understanding of a common condition; 2) Improving a means of diagnosis or therapy; 3) Describing multiple cases of an emerging disease; 4) Reporting an outbreak of a rare disease.

Occasionally, a single case of an unusual condition may justify publication. However, rarity alone is not the most important criterion and must be balanced against the fact that readers are unlikely to encounter a similar condition. It should be recognised, therefore, that it is far more difficult to justify publication of a single case than multiple cases, because it is unlikely that definitive conclusions can be drawn or new information obtained and verified.

Equine Veterinary Journal encourages the publication of Case Reports and recognises their value. However, such reports must conform to the principles and standards of scientific writing. Case Reports must be presented in an objective and disciplined manner. They should record events accurately and subjective impressions should be avoided. Preparation of a Case Report is as difficult and time consuming as that of other scientific papers but this should not deter authors, especially practitioners whose contributions are of particular value. The aim of this article is to assist and encourage authors to achieve a satisfactory standard when presenting Case Reports for publication. Recommended format and guidelines When writing Case Reports, conciseness, accuracy and clarity should always be the main objectives. Case Reports are usually shorter than general articles; the recommended length is 2000 words, although this is flexible depending on the nature of the report. The material should be organised under headings and the facts presented In chronological order. Readers must be able to rely on the authenticity of the material and, therefore, accuracy of the information supplied is paramount. The outline recommended for Case Reports in EVJ is shown in Table 1. However, this may need to be varied depending on the condition or entity being described. Some of the suggested section headings may not be appropriate. TABLE 1: Recommended outline for presentation of Case Reports in Equine Veterinary Journal 1. Title

5. Differential diagnosis

2. Introduction 3. Case history

6. Treatment and course of condition

4. Clinical findings:- 7. Pathology Physical examination 8. Concluding diagnosis Diagnostic aids 9. Discussion Clinical pathology Title The title should be as short as possible but provide an adequate description of the content of the report. It should include keywords suitable for literature retrieval systems.

Introduction

Authors must provide the background to the case(s) on which the report is based. Reference to other relevant publications, where appropriate, should be included but it is necessary only to cite them and not to summarise them.

The final paragraph of the introduction should include a statement as to the purpose of the report and the reason why publication is justified. Case history This should provide all relevant information regarding the anamnesis of the case, such as the breed, sex, age, use and background conditions of management. The nature and duration of clinical signs should be described. Where this information has been obtained from lay or professional persons responsible for the case prior to the authors, this should be stated. Clinical findings

This should include results of the initial examination and subsequent clinical and laboratory tests. Physical examination. — A complete record of physical findings should be presented. If extensive, these may be better presented in tables. Negative findings may be summarised in the text with emphasis given to the positive results in the tables. This section of the report is one of the most important because readers will wish to identify major features in order to relate them to similar cases within their own experience. A discursive account may cause them to lose interest or to miss essential points. Diagnostic aids. — Any such aids employed (eg, radiography, ultrasonography, etc.) should be reported and results provided. Technical information relating to equipment should be provided together with details of manufacturers. Clinical pathology. — Details of laboratory analyses undertaken, and the results obtained, should be presented. Readers should be told which results fell within the normal range and, for those that did not, specific results should be given. It is important to provide an indication of methodology, giving references where standard methods were not employed. The source of normal reference values should be indicated. Differential diagnosis

At this stage of the report, authors should describe the possible diagnoses that were considered. Differential diagnoses should be listed, each with a comment regarding the evidence for and against its possible selection. It is helpful for readers to be able to follow the reasoning employed at the time, rather than opinions based on hindsight which should be reserved for the concluding diagnosis. Treatment and course of condition

This section should describe the treatment administered and any changes in clinical signs and/or pathology. If necessary for clarity, this information can he provided in tabular form and summarised in the text.

Any drug administered should be described by its generic name followed by proprietary name and manufacturer. Dose rates, in SI units, and frequency of administration should be included. Pathology

The pathology of the condition should be reported including, where appropriate, results of post mortem examinations. In this event, the information should be divided into gross and microscopic findings.

EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL Concluding diagnosis

The final diagnosis of the case, based on all the foregoing evidence, should be stated, together with the reasons for arriving at the conclusion. Any remaining doubts or alternative considerations should be described in this section. Discussion

The discussion is intended to highlight the features of the case in the context of the authors’ previous experience and of publications on the same subject. Speculation regarding aetiology or alternative lines of investigation and therapy may be included, but authors should avoid highly speculative Statements or irrelevant observations. The discussion of a Case Report should relate directly to the material presented and should not attempt to introduce new ideas, opinions or facts that cannot be substantiated by the evidence presented in the report. This section must provide the cohesion that gives editors, scrutineers and readers confidence that publication of the report is justified. Illustrations

Photographs, line drawings or diagrams are acceptable but should be kept to a minimum. They should enhance the text, not duplicate it, and should be of the highest possible standard. Legends should be brief but descriptive and should enable the illustration to be understood without reference to the text. Those relating to microscopy should include the necessary information on magnification and staining techniques. Photographs of gross samples should be accompanied by a scale guide. Where appropriate the insertion of arrows is advised to highlight particular features. Conclusions

The above is intended to provide guidelines for those wishing to present Case Reports for publication. The format described may not be suitable in all cases hut the principles of clarity and conciseness should be adhered to in any presentation. Having taken account of this, the length must he sufficient to include relevant details.

It is a mistake for authors to think that Case Reports can be prepared for publication more easily than other scientific articles. The preparation must be disciplined and it may be difficult to include the necessary information and descriptions while maintaining a presentation which is succinct and able to capture the interest of the readers.

Case Reports submitted to Equine Veterinary Journal are forwarded to two referees and are subjected to the same exacting editorial scrutiny as any other submission. Large numbers of Case Reports are submitted and only those of the highest standard are accepted. It is hoped that this article will help authors to achieve this standard. For further information regarding specific points of manuscript preparation, authors should refer to EVJ Instructions for Authors, copies of which are available from the editor’s office.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS C EQUINE BOARD CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS) COMMENTARY The syllabus for the Certificate in Equine Surgery covers those aspects of veterinary science that relate to those disorders and diseases that are generally considered to be surgical, and whose treatment may involve the use of operative surgery. In addition, it also includes the normal structure and function of the relevant tissues, organs and systems. All candidates are expected to have a level of theoretical and practical knowledge of all parts of the syllabus derived from substantial practical experience at a level equivalent to that of the Certificate in Equine Practice. In their elective subject (Orthopaedics) candidates are expected to have a theoretical and practical knowledge, greater than that required for the Certificate in Equine Practice, based on substantial practical experience working in the subject area. This is most likely to be gained if the candidate has had a major commitment, in terms of time, in a dedicated equine practice or centre. The level of knowledge and expertise is not expected to be that of someone deemed to be an expert or specialist in the discipline. March l994 Amended July l994

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

SPECIALISATION AND FURTHER EDUCATION

EOUINE BOARD

Certificate in Equine Surgery (Orthopaedics)

Syllabus

Principles of Surgery to Include: (a) Wounds and wound healing

A sound knowledge of (i) the principles of wound healing of all tissues. An understanding of the influence of surgical interventions and other interventions on wound healing such as heal ing after the use of diathermy, cryosurgery, chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy. The role of sutures in wound healing and the influence of suture patterns and materials. The role of drainage in wound healing. The role of bandaging and casting in wound management.

(b) The Control of Surgical Infection

Concepts of contamination risks in traumatic and surgical wounds. Modem concepts of asepsis sterilisation, theatre design and surgical protocol. The epidemiology of surgical infection. Nosocomial infections. The rational use of antibiotics in surgery.

(c) Instrumentation A general knowledge of instruments used in all aspects of equine surgery.

(d) Principles of fracture treatment

(e) Principles of treatment of joint disease and articular tissues (t) Principles of treatment of tendon injuries 2. General (a) Anatomy & Physio1ogy

A general knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the locomotor system. (b) Surgical Experience

Some surgical experience including the more common internal fixation techniques and arthroscopic surgery; an appreciation of those conditions which require referral.

(c) Techniques

A thorough knowledge of radiography and radiology and a basic understanding of scintigraphy, ultrasonography and advanced diagnostic imaging techniques such as MRI and CT.

(d) *Restraint and Anaesthesia Principles of physical and chemical restraints. A basic knowledge of general anaesthesia. Local analgesic techniques.

(e) Clinical Pathology Techniques for sampling of fluids and tissues. Principles of sample handling. Interpretation of haematological, biochemical and fluid/tissue sample results.

(t) An appreciation of the equine industry; knowledge of horsemanship and

equitation. (g) A sound knowledge of farriery. (ii) Use of anti-inflammatory drugs and analysis. (i) Principles of examination on behalf of a purchaser. (j) Welfare

The normal behaviour of horses and assessment of abnormal behaviour patterns. The assessment of pain, suffering and stress. The basic needs of the horse. Welfare aspects of study, transportation, competition and general care of horses. Legislation affecting the welfare of horses.

3. Basic Structure and Function (a) Bone and cartilage; their blood supply and fracture healing processes. (b) Joints; effects of trauma (c) Tendons and ligaments; injury and repair. (d) Muscle. (e) Basic neurology as it relates to the locomotor system. 4. Clinical Conditions: Their Diagnosis and Treatment (a) Diseases of bone, joints and muscle.

* (b) Neurological examination techniques and neurological conditions. (c) Diagnosis of lameness; clinical, radiographic, laboratory methods, local analgesia, gait analysis, etc. (d) Working knowledge of conditions affecting - the shoulder, elbow, carpus, distal limb, foot. The hip, stifle, hock, distal limb, foot. (e) Knowledge of basic conditions affecting the neck, back and pelvis; spinal lesions, soft tissue lesions. (t) Conditions affecting the foal and the growing animal. (g) Methods of treatment; surgical, medical and pharmacological; physiotherapy; surgical shoeing; immobiisation and splinting of limb injuries. (h) Facial and jaw fractures.

-3-

5. *Techniques and Procedures Candidates should be generally competent and experienced in the performance of the relevant techniques and procedures, and should obtain certification to this effect (for submission to the Equine Board) from their advisors or from a senior veterinary member of staff in their practice/centre, in respect of each of the techniques/procedures marked * above.

Originated March 1994 Amended Nov 2005

ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS C EQUINE BOARD CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (SOFT TISSUE) COMMENTARY The syllabus for the Certificate in Equine Surgery covers those aspects of veterinary science that relate to those disorders and diseases that are generally considered to be surgical, and whose treatment may involve the use of operative surgery. In addition, it also includes the normal structure and function of the relevant tissues, organs and systems. All candidates are expected to have a level of theoretical and practical knowledge of all parts of the syllabus derived from substantial practical experience at a level equivalent to that of the Certificate in Equine Practice. In their elective subject Soft Tissue Surgery candidates are expected to have a theoretical and practical knowledge, greater than that required for the Certificate in Equine Practice, based on substantial practical experience working in the subject area. This is most likely to be gained if the candidate has had a major commitment, in terms of time, in a dedicated equine practice or centre. The level of knowledge and expertise is not expected to be that of someone deemed to be an expert or specialist in the discipline. SYLLABUS 1. PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY TO INCLUDE: a. Wounds and Wound Healing A sound knowledge of (i) the principles of wound healing of all tissues. An

understanding of the influence of surgical interventions and other interventions on wound healing such as healing after the use of diathermy, cryosurgery, chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy.

The role of sutures in wound healing and the influence of suture patterns and materials.

The role of drainage in wound healing. The role of bandaging and casting in wound management. b. The Control of Surgical Infection Concepts of contamination risks in traumatic and surgical wounds. Modern concepts of asepsis sterilisation, theatre design and surgical protocol. The epidemiology of surgical infection. Nosocomial infections. The rational use of antibiotics in surgery. c. Instrumentation A general knowledge of instruments used in all aspects of equine surgery. 2. GENERAL a. Anatomy & Physiology A general knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of all tissues.

b. Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of common surgical diseases and conditions involving soft

tissues but excluding ophthalmology. c. * Diagnostic Techniques A sound understanding of diagnostic techniques. Principles and application of

common imaging techniques. Selection of procedures for diagnosis. d. Clinical Pathology Techniques for sampling of fluids and tissues. Principles of sample handling. Interpretation of haematological, biochemical and fluid/tissue sample results. e. * Restraint and Anaesthesia Principles of physical and chemical restraints. A basic knowledge of general

anaesthesia. Local analgesic techniques. f. Postoperative and Intensive Care A basic knowledge of postoperative complications; the pathophysiology of shock. Principles of haemostasis transfusions and fluid therapy. Care and nutrition of the

surgical patient. g. An appreciation of the equine industry in the UK. Knowledge of horsemanship

and equitation. h. Welfare The normal behaviour of horses and assessment of abnormal behaviour patterns.

The assessment of pain, suffering and stress. The basic needs of the horse. Welfare aspects of study, transportation, competition and general care of horses. Legislation affecting the welfare of horses.

i. Surgical Experience Surgical Experience to a reasonable level and to include commonly performed

techniques. An appreciation of those conditions and techniques which require referral.

3. CLINICAL CONDITIONS: THEIR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT a. Integument The management of skin wounds. The use of plastic procedures and skin grafting. The management of skin tumours. b. Head and Neck Conditions of the mouth (including the teeth), salivary glands and oesophagus. Conditions of the upper respiratory tract including nasal passages, paranasal

sinuses, pharynx, larynx, guttural pouches and trachea. Conditions affecting the head and neck. Facial and jaw fractures. c. Urogenital Tract Surgical disorders of the male reproductive tract. Surgical disorders of the female reproductive tract. Caesarian section. Surgical disorders of the bladder and urethra.

d. Abdominal Wall and Alimentary Tract Surgical approaches to the abdomen and methods of closure. External and internal hernias. Simple and strangulating intestinal obstruction. Evaluation of gut viability; resection and anastomosis. 4. TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES Candidates should be generally competent and experienced in the performance of

the relevant techniques and procedures, and should obtain certification to this effect (for submission to the Equine Board) from their Advisors or from a senior veterinary member of staff in their practice/centre, in respect of each of the techniques/procedures marked * above and the following surgical techniques:

a. Wound management, including simple skin grafting

techniques. b. Emergency and permanent tracheostomy. c. d.

Laryngotomy and laryngeal ventriculectomy Prosthetic laryngoplasty

e. Surgical approaches to the paranasal sinuses. f. Surgical techniques for removal of teeth. g. Castration and its complications. h. i.

Cryptorchidectomy Ovariectomy

j. Inguinal hernia repairs. k. Amputation of the penis. l. Repair of umbilical hernia. m. Laparotomy. n. Enterotomy. o. p.

Enterectomy. Caesarean section in the mare

March 1994 Amended July l994 Amended Nov 2005 Ref.c:\wp51\docs\CESST\Syll

The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons SPECIALISATION AND FURTHER EDUCATION

C 2006

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE PRACTICE SYLLABUS AND COMMENTARY COMMENTARY The level of theoretical knowledge and understanding should be at a level of substantial

experience working in the area. This should be coupled with the problem solving skills

of a good practising veterinarian with at least 3 years of experience, predominately but

not necessarily exclusively, in equine practice. Problem solving skills will be a major

part of the Certificate Examinations. The candidate will be expected to demonstrate a

logical, critical and enquiring clinical approach and a sound understanding of basic

surgical principles. The basis of the Syllabus to be followed is outlined below - a

theoretical knowledge will not be sufficient and by the same token practical experience

alone will not be enough to succeed. The candidate should demonstrate a broad

understanding of the main components of normal (non-specialist) equine practice and

the examination will be restricted accordingly.

Note: The depth of knowledge in the fields of Internal Medicine, Soft Tissue and Orthopaedic surgery and Reproductive Medicine will be lower that that required for each of the other individual certificates. The amount of effort that will need to be put into this certificate should be roughly commensurate with that required for each of the other certificates but the breadth of the syllabus makes it important to realise the scope and breadth of the Certificate in Equine Practice.

A broad general knowledge of the literature is required without necessarily being able to quote extensively or specifically. The candidate will be expected to demonstrate that he/she has maintained a steady and continuous professional development programme being aware of recent developments in the field of equine medicine. Regular formal CPD courses should be a feature of the approval of experience application. SYLLABUS:

• The syllabus includes a broad theoretical and practical (working) knowledge of the normal anatomy and physiology of the major body systems (including aspects of reproduction). The basic level will again be that of a good new

graduate. Important to emphasise to candidates that their required knowledge of anatomy and physiology is only that which they will be using in practice.

• Particular emphasis should be placed on problem solving and to sound surgical competence in the areas defined in the syllabus.

• In addition the candidate will be expected to demonstrate a broad understanding of the equine industry in the UK and Europe. Legal and ethical matters should be understood from the RCVS code of Conduct.

• The candidate should be able to demonstrate the ability to describe and discuss relevant equine matters (in health or disease) to lay or professional audiences.

Note: 1. The content of this syllabus is not necessarily definitive and a broad practical

understanding of the common diseases and disorders is all that is required. 2. No syllabus can possibly define everything that must be known and neither

is this a constructive approach. However, most of the items identified below form the basis of equine practice.

3. The certificate is designed to be achievable from practice without unrealistic personal, social, financial, or professional sacrifices and so a working knowledge should be the basis of the study and experience. The Certificate will be centred on common disorders and common surgical procedures that are the basis of general equine practice. The basic ideology of the syllabus is a sound understanding of:

a) Medical problem solving b) Basic Surgical techniques c) Diagnosis and treatment of basic non-surgical orthopaedic disorders d) Basic reproductive medicine and surgery 4. The primary objective of the Certificate should be as an introduction to the

concept of specialisation and is in no way to be regarded as a specialist qualification in its own right. The Certificate should be viewed as the first step on the ladder to specialisation and a better standard of practice medicine. It should be achievable within 3 – 5 years of graduation for a practitioner who deals predominantly but not exclusively with horses, and who undertakes the required CPD and self-development that would necessarily be associated with high quality professional practice.

5. It should be achievable without major domestic, professional or financial sacrifices, by a practitioner with the determination to succeed.

6. CPD is a critical aspect of the syllabus and an effective knowledge base should be achieved by sensible selection of CPD opportunities within the RCVS framework for recommended CPD levels.

1) WELFARE AND MANAGEMENT:

• The horse industry (its construction and organisation) • Current welfare concerns for the use, care and management of the horse • Feeding and Nutrition (including knowledge of the common foodstuffs and how to

construct diets for various healthy and diseased horses). • Management of various types of horses in relation to work required. • Saddlery, tack and clothing. • Buildings, ventilation, drainage and bedding. • Farriery. • Pasture and stable management • Zoonoses and the importance of personal hygiene • Nosocomial infection and the importance of limiting the spread of infection • Simple / basic epidemiology (including the definitions associated with disease

situations such as sporadic, epidemic, pandemic etc.) • Control strategies for infectious disease • Quarantine (as preventive and control mechanism) • Disinfection (prevention and spread of disease) • Equine behaviour patterns • Normal • Abnormal

• Stable Vices – aetiology, diagnosis and control

• Routine procedures

• Vaccination procedures • De-worming and parasite

control strategies • Routine dental care • Foot care • Prepurchase / Insurance

examination and documentation

• Ageing of horses

• Joint measurement Scheme, Riding Establishments Act, Jockey Club Rules regarding vaccinations and drugs, F.E.I. rules, Export procedures in general.

• Identification methods (Passports microchipping etc.

• Legal aspects of certification and

professional behaviour • Guide to Professional

Conduct • Court procedures and

litigation (the role of the Professional / expert witness)

• Drug schedules and cascade implications

• Insurance and interpretation • The Veterinary Surgeons Act • Cruelty to Animal Act (1911) • Transportation of Animals Act.

• Transportation • Types • Legal constraints

• Transportation of sick / emergency cases

• Transportation of Animals Act)

• Emergency procedures • Euthanasia methods

(advantages / disadvantages) • Referral procedures • Anaphylaxis

• First aid measures for orthopaedic emergencies

• Tracheostomy • Foaling • Severe blood loss

• Traffic accidents procedures and First Aid Measures

2) DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES:

• Techniques for clinical examination • History taking • Observation

• Auscultation • Percussion

• Selection of diagnostic methods and further tests. Recognition of the limitations of the various diagnostic aids. Understanding of the need to focus on careful selection of tests required for particular purposes.

• Record keeping, clinical records and documentation (including an understanding of the legal importance of these)

IMAGING:

• Basic physics and practicalities of radiography

• Radiology reading / reporting (basic)

• Ultrasonography (physics /applications) • Endoscopy of upper airways • Electrocardiography and interpretation

of common abnormalities

Particular attention should be given to recognition of the benefits and limitations of each of these diagnostic methods.

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY / MICROBIOLOGY

i. Sample collection and specimen handling / packing / transportation ii. Working knowledge of the basic laboratory methods and tests (blood counts,

smears / differential counts, basic cytological recognition) iii. Electrolyte management and calculations (fluid requirements and calculation

of flow rates required for specific conditions) iv. Basic interpretation of laboratory reports (recognition of the limitations of

reference ranges) v. Simple virology / bacteriology (culture methods and selection of specimens) vi. Value and relevance of culture and sensitivity results vii. Endocrinological tests for diagnosis of endocrine disorders viii. Parasitological tests (including faecal egg counts for all major parasites and

understanding of the available serological tests for parasites). Recognition of egg types and implications

Note: Detailed knowledge of reference values will not be expected but the candidate will be

expected to be able to interpret abnormal results with some confidence given the reference ranges for the laboratory concerned. He / she will recognise the limitations of the tests and the implications of reference ranges.

3) PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL RESTRAINT AND FIELD ANAESTHESIA METHODS • Handling methods and management of all types of horse • Personal safety aspects • Drug safety procedures (storage and recording) • Drug categories and their meaning (cascade implications) • Anaesthesia principles and practice • Catheter placement and management • Simple field anaesthesia including induction and maintenance for short

procedures and total intravenous anaesthesia techniques (including a recognition of the limitations and complications)

It is likely that specific training will be required to gain the required level of clinical competence in this area. Anaesthesia has become much more important in areas of human and veterinary medicine and practising clinicians will inevitably require some expertise and defined training. Field anaesthesia techniques are becoming less acceptable and this change needs to be taken into account during the study and experience for the Certificate.

• Anaesthetic records (medico-legal aspects) • Monitoring methods including pulse oximetry • Management of anaesthetic emergencies • Emergency procedures

4) BODY SYSTEMS MEDICINE: a) ALIMENTARY TRACT MEDICINE / SURGERY

• Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the alimentary tract (including major structures and pancreas / peritoneum).

• Diagnosis and management of medical diseases and the recognition of the need for surgical intervention. A broad understanding of the principles of dental and abdominal surgery will be expected but no specific details will be required.

• Dental disease (diagnosis, management and routine care) / dental instrumentation • Dental surgery limited to Wolf Tooth removal and extraction of temporary

incisor teeth.

Syndromes i. Dysmastication / Quidding ii. Choke iii. Dysphagia iv. Diarrhoea v. Colic vi. Endotoxaemia

vii. Weight loss viii. Abdominal distension ix. Parasitism x. Peritonitis xi. Alimentary and peritoneal

neoplasia Special diagnostic and surgical procedures

• Rectal examination 1. Techniques / precautions 2. Hazards / benefits

3. Management of rectal tears 4. Rectal biopsy

• Glucose Absorption Test • Peritoneocentesis • Nasogastric intubation

• Dental examination and recording

b) HEPATIC MEDICINE • Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the liver and biliary tract • Diagnosis and management of medical diseases of the liver.

Syndromes: i. Icterus ii. Weight loss iii. Abdominal distension

iv. Ventral oedema Syndrome (with other systems)

v. Ascites

Special diagnostic and surgical procedures • Liver biopsy • Specific diagnostic laboratory support for liver disease

c) RESPIRATORY MEDICINE / SURGERY

Diagnosis and management of medical diseases of the respiratory tract. A broad understanding of the principles of the surgery involved in upper airway disease will be expected but no specific details.

• Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the respiratory tract (including pleural cavity). Recognition of the dynamic differences between the upper and lower airways.

• Upper airway diseases (Obstructive disorders of the upper airway) • Sinus disorders • Guttural pouch disease • Lower airway disease including COPD / SAD, SPAOPD, parasitic,

infectious and other inflammatory airway diseases. • Respiratory causes of reduced performance • Stable management for airway disease / Air Hygiene assessment

Syndromes i. Inspiratory Dyspnoea ii. Respiratory noises

(inspiratory / expiratory) iii. Poor performance

iv. Cough v. Nasal Discharges vi. Epistaxis vii. Pharyngeal distortions

Special diagnostic procedures

• Auscultation (Rebreathing bag)

• Percussion • Endoscopy and sampling via

endoscope • Sinuscopy • Radiography

• Pleurocentesis • Nasopharyngeal swabs • Bronchoalveolar lavage • Transtracheal aspiration

d) CARDIOVASCULAR, BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC MEDICINE • Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the cardiovascular system

including 1. The heart, 2. Blood vessels 3. Lymphatics 4. Lymph nodes 5. Blood and blood producing structures 6. Physiology of haemostasis 7. Splenic function and anatomy

Syndromes i. Heart Murmurs ii. Arrythmias iii. Anaemia iv. Oedema v. Disseminated

intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)

vi. Thrombosis / Thrombophlebitis

vii. Vasculitis viii. Aorto-iliac thrombosis ix. Vascular catastrophes x. Lymphangitis

xi. Cellulitis xii. Autoimmune disorders

and normal / abnormal immune responses

xiii. Clotting problems xiv. Purpura haemorrhagica /

Thrombocytopaenic purpura

xv. Lymphosarcoma and lymphadenopathy

xvi. Immunodeficiency syndromes

Special diagnostic procedures • Endoscopy • Blood sampling

• Haematology and differential counts

• Interpretation • Electrocardiography • Ultrasonography • Bone marrow biopsy /

aspiration

• Diagnostic tests (ELISA / SNT / CFT / etc)

• Blood transfusion / harvesting of plasma for storage

• Cross matching • Catheter placement and

management

e) CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

• Normal anatomy and basic physiology / function of the nervous system including

• Special aspects of neurological examination and recording 1. The brain and cranial nerves 2. Spinal cord 3. Meninges 4. Peripheral Nerves 5. Autonomic nerves

Syndromes i. Acute neurological trauma /

Accidents ii. Syncope

iii. Seizures iv. Hepatoencephalopathy v. Infectious disease

vi. Tetanus / Botulism vii. Peripheral neuropathies viii. Cauda equina Neuritis

(Polyneuritis equi)

ix. Autonomic disorders (Grass Sickness / Horner’s syndrome)

x. Generalised weakness / Ataxia xi. Spinal cord disease / cervical

instability / stenosis syndromes xii. Neurological toxicology

Special diagnostic procedures

• Cerebrospinal fluid collection • Special tests for neurological function (cranial nerves and reflex assessment)

f) SPECIAL SENSES (including ophthalmology)

• Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the eye (and ear) • Routine ophthalmic examination (recognition of normal and normal variants)

: interpretation of findings of ophthalmic examination • Special therapy for eye disease • Emergency management of eye trauma

• Surgical management of eyelid lacerations

Syndromes i. Painful eye ii. Cloudy eye iii. Blindness (acute / gradual) iv. Central blindness

v. Individual disorders of ocular structures including the eyelids and nasolacrimal duct, uveitis and corneal ulceration

vi. Ocular discharges

Special diagnostic procedures / Techniques • Direct ophthalmoscopy • Auriculopalpebral block • Sub-palpebral lavage systems • Bacteriological swab collection

• Conjunctival biopsy /scrape and specimen handling

g) ENDOCRINOLOGY

• Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the endocrine system (including reproductive endocrinology). The concept of negative fed-back and other control mechanisms. • Pituitary, Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pancreatic function (control

mechanisms and derangement)

Syndromes • Equine Cushing’s Disease • Thyroid abnormalities (adenoma / hyperplasia) • Alterations in reproductive endocrine function (with specific focus on

behavioural and reproductive abnormalities.

Special diagnostic procedures • Biochemical assessment of endocrine function

• Pituitary - Adrenal axis investigative tests •

h) REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE / SURGERY • Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the nervous system including • Special aspects of reproductive examination (breeding soundness

examinations for mare and stallion) • Cryptorchidism • Endocrine disorders (including Granulosa Cell Tumour) • Venereal diseases (control and identification including CEM and Klebsiella

infections) (using HBLB Code of Practice as the basis) • Stud management techniques for enhancing reproductive efficiency

A basic broad understanding of the common reproductive infectious and non infectious

disease is required without being demanding. • Particular attention should be paid to normal practice routines. • Parturition and dystocia

Surgical disorders of the reproductive tract including:

• Mare: o Management of perineal lacerations (but excluding details of

surgical corrections of perineal reconstructive surgery) o Caslick’s Operation o Clitoridectomy o Endometrial biopsy

• Stallion • Castration techniques

o Normal (Open / Closed) Complications of castration (immediate / delayed)

o Cryptorchidism (surgical exploration of the inguinal canal but excluding surgical castration of abdominal rigs)

• Penile amputation

• Semen collection and AI using fresh and fresh chilled semen. (Excluding all aspects of embryo transfer and detailed reproductive manipulations of infertile mares and stallions)

Managing pregnancy and parturition including:

• Foetal monitoring • Recognition of normal presentation and correction of simple dystocia

(excluding foetotomy and caesarean section). • Neonatal assessment (see neonatology below)

Special diagnostic procedures

• Pregnancy Diagnosis (manual, haematological and ultrasonographic)

• Ultrasonography of the uterus and ovary of the mare

• Bacteriological swabbing techniques for infectious reproductive disorders for mares and stallions

• Endometrial biopsy • Vaginoscopy • Reproductive Hormone analysis

including Cryptorchidism / Granulosa Cell Tumour testing

i) URINARY TRACT MEDICINE • Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the kidney

• Neurological control of the bladder • Fluid, water and electrolyte balances

Syndromes i. Polydipsia / Polyuria ii. Ruptured / patent bladder

syndrome of foals iii. Chronic and acute renal

failure

iv. Cystitis / urolithiasis v. Haematuria / pigmenturia vi. Dysuria vii. Urinary incontinence

Special diagnostic procedures

• Urinalysis • Renal and bladder ultrasound

examination

• Haematological tests for renal disease

j) DERMATOLOGY

• Normal anatomy and physiology / function of the skin • Hypersensitivity responses and reactions • Special aspects of dermatological examination • Dermatological recording • Non-infectious and infectious diseases / zoonosis • Wound healing and basic wound management strategies

Syndromes

i. Pruritus ii. Nodular skin disease iii. Scaling and flaking (dry

dermatoses) iv. Moist dermatitis

v. Parasitic diseases / parasite recognition vi. Alterations of hair quality, quantity and

colour vii. Neoplastic disease

Special diagnostic procedures

• Skin scrapings, brushings and bacteriological swabs: specimen handling • Skin biopsy and specimen handling • Recognition of ectoparasites

k) MUSCULOSKELETAL MEDICINE

• Normal anatomy of the skeleton and muscles / tendons ligaments and joints • Basic lameness examination including nerve blocks and radiography • Normal muscle function and pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders of

the muscles, axial and appendicular skeleton (and joints ligaments and tendons)

• Diseases / deformities of the hoof • Management of sand and quarter cracks • Splinting techniques for suspect fractures and other catastrophes.

Syndromes

i. Laminitis ii. Myopathy (Exertional

rhabdomyolysis / Tying-up and post anaesthetic)

iii. Tendon injuries (strains, sprains and ruptures)

iv. Infectious joint disease v. OCD

vi. Developmental orthopaedic disease

vii. Degenerative Joint Disease / Osteoarthritis

viii. Management of Street nail ix. Hoof wall injuries

Special diagnostic procedures

• Nerve blocks • Joint and tendon sheath centesis • Ultrasonography of superficial structures • Radiographic positioning and contrast studies

5) NEONATAL MEDICINE • Prepartum monitoring of foetal health • Physiology of peripartum foal and neonatal adaptation. • Neonatal assessment and classification of risk category • Immunity and the relevance of colostrum • Placental examination and assessment (significance of findings) • Routine management of the neonatal foal

Surgery of the neonatal and growing foal: • Herniorrhaphy • Principles of correction of angular and flexural deformities

Syndromes: i. Congenital abnormalities ii. Neonatal asphyxia /

maladjustment syndrome iii. Neonatal sepsis iv. Meconium retention v. Infectious disorders of the foal

including R equi, Streptococcal infections

vi. Viral, bacterial and parasitic enteric infections)

vii. Icterus / Anaemia viii. Developmental Orthopaedic

Disease ix. Ruptured /(Patent) bladder

syndrome / Patent urachus x. Colic / abdominal pain xi. Managing the sick foal xii. Basic Intensive care methods xiii. Referral and transportation

requirements Special procedures/Techniques

• Tests for IgG status and limitations of each. • Plasma transfusion methods and complications • Blood transfusion / cross matching and complications

6) ONCOLOGY • Basic understanding and recognition of the common neoplastic disorders and the

principles of apoptosis.

• Simple understanding of the prognosis and therapy (including indications and risks of surgery) of each tumour type • Melanoma • Squamous cell carcinoma

• Sarcoid • Lymphosarcoma

7) THERAPEUTICS • The function and use of the major drug groups and their applicability to the

various body systemsi. Antibiotics (therapeutic /

prophylactic) ii. Steroids (corticosteroids / sex

steroids) iii. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

drugs (NSAID’s iv. Anthelmintics

v. Vaccination / Vaccines vi. Analgesics vii. Sedatives and tranquillisers

viii. Anaesthetic agents ix. Electrolyte solutions/fluid

therapy x. Other “specialist” drugs

• Local / regional analgesia

i. Limb ii. Auriculpalpebral block iii. Frontal iv. Mental v. Infraorbital vi. Epidural vii. Other methodsEuthanasia: i. Methods and limitations ii. Including documentation / disposal and counselling of owners.

8) TOXICOLOGY • Recognition of common toxic chemicals and plants • Antidotes and management of poisonings • Forensic investigation of suspected poisonings and specimen collection and

recording

9) SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES • Recognition and use of basic surgical instruments • Basics of surgical techniques

o Suture patterns o Suture materials o Surgical drains o Wound repair (principles of wound healing) and factors that result in

failure of wound healing o Casting lower limb wounds.

10) TECHNIQUES LIST: This list is a rough guide as to the expected skills that the candidate should be capable of performing with reasonable efficiency and safety. 1. Auscultation and use of the stethoscope 2. Nasogastric intubation 3. Tracheal aspiration 4. Rebreathing bag 5. Emergency tracheotomy – use of Jones trach tube 6. Urinary catheterisation (female / male) 7. Endoscopy (respiratory tract) 8. Ophthalmoscopy 9. Electrocardiography 10. Ultrasonography 11. Radiography 12. Injection techniques /sites 13. Catheter placement / management 14. Blood sampling / specimen collection and handling 15. Coentesis (abdominal, joint / tendon sheath) 16. Biopsy (skin / liver / endometrial / neoplasia / masses, [lymph node] 17. Skin scrapings and specimens for analysis 18. Basic bacteriological and haematological stains and their value. 19. Bacteriological swabbing (nasal, reproductive) 20. Nasolacrimal duct canulation (both ends) 21. Fluorescein staining of the cornea 22. Faecal examination (worm egg count / occult blood) 23. Euthanasia 24. Post mortem examination and collection and handling of specimens (reporting and

recording of findings) 25. Certification (pre-purchase examination / referral and reporting letters) 26. Removing a shoe and paring a foot. Originated l986 Revised October l988 Revised March l992 Revised Feb. l994 Revised July l994 Reformatted Sept 1997 Revised Nov 2001 Revised Feb 2003 Revised Nov. 2003 Revised Nov. 2005

ROYAL COLLEGE VETERINARY SURGEONS EQUINE BOARD CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS) READING LIST Candidates should note that the reading lists for the Equine Certificates were frozen in 2002 and will eventually be withdrawn. Candidates are expected to research the literature for themselves and are recommended to make use of the RCVS Library and Information Service for this purpose (http://www.rcvslibrary.org.uk , e-mail - library@rcvs.org.uk or telephone 020 7222 2021). Candidates should also seek advice on suitable reading matter from their Advisers. Auer, J (1999) Equine Surgery (2nd Edn) . W B Saunders Co. Back, W and Clayton, H (2000) Equine Locomotion. W B Saunders. Bogan J, Lees P and Yoxall A (1993) Pharmacological Basis of Large Animal Medicine, Oxford, Blackwell. Bromiley, M (1987) Equine Injury and Therapy. 2nd Edn. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Butler J, Colles C, Dyson S, Kold S, and Poulos P, (2nd Edn) (1999) Clinical Radiology of the Horse. Blackwells Scientific Publications. Colahan P, Mayhew I G, Merritt A M & Moore J (2000). Equine Medicine and Surgery, 5th Edn., Santa Barbara, American Veterinary Publications. Curtis, S. Farriery – (1999) Foal to Racehorse. R & W Publications. Denoix J M. Clinical anatomy of the Equine Distal Limb. (Feb. 2000) Manson Publishing. Denoix J M & Paillous J-P. (1996) Physical Therapy and Massage for the Horse. Manson Publishing. Dik K and Gunsser I (1988, 1989 and 1990). Atlas of Diagnostic Radiology of the Horse. Vols 1-3. Wolfe Publishing. Fackelman G C and Nunamaker D M (1982). Manual of Internal Fixation in the Horse. Berlin, Springer-Verlag. Getty R (ed)(1975). Sisson and Grossman's Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, 2v, 5th edn, Philadelphia, W B Saunders. Goody P (1983). Horse Anatomy, London, J A Allen. Hall L S, Clarke K W and Trim C M (2000). Veterinary Anaesthesia, 10th edn, London, W B Saunders.

Hickman J and Humphrey M (1988). Hickman's Farriery: A Complete Illustrated Guide, 2nd edn. London: J A Allen. McIlwraith C W et al (1990). Diagnostic and Surgical Arthroscopy in the Horse 2nd ed, Philadelphia; London: Lea and Febiger. McIlwraith C W and Turner A S (1987). Equine Surgery - Advance Techniques, Lea and Febiger. McIlwraith C W and Trotter G W (1996) Joint Disease in the Horse. W B Saunders. May S A & McIlwraith C W. (1998) Self-Assessment Colour Review of Equine Orthopaedics and Rheumatology. Manson Publishing. Mayhew I G (1989). Large Animal Neurology: A Handbook for Veterinary Clinicians. Philidelphia; London: Lea and Febiger. Milne D W and Turner A S (1979). An Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones of the Horse, Philadelphia, Saunders. Mixca, A J (1996) Equine Fracture Repair . W B Saunders. Nixon D J. Equine Fracture Repair (1996). W B Saunders. Radostits O M, Mayhew I G & Houston D. (Aug 2000) Veterinary Clinical Examination and Diagnosis. W B Saunders. Reef, V. B. (1998) Equine Diagnostic Ultrasound. Chapters 1-3. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia. Reimer, J M (1998) Atlas and Equine Ultrasonography. (Section l) Mosby. St. Louis. Schebitz H and Wilkens H (1977). Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy of the Horse, Berlin, Paul Parey. Smythe R H (1979). The Horse, Structure and Movement, revised by P C Goody, 2nd edn, J A Allen. Stashak E S (1987). Adam's Lameness in Horses, 4th edn, Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger. Stashak E S (1991). Equine Wound management. Philadelphia; London: Lea and Febiger. Turner A S and McIlwraith C W (1989) Techniques in Large Animal Surgery, 2nd ed, Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger (UK, Bailliers Tinall). Vet Clinics of North America: Symposium on Equine Lameness (1980) Large Animal Practice 2:1. Vet Clinics of North America: Large Animal Practice Vol 5:2 (1983) Equine Orthopaedic Surgery. Vet Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 5:1 (1989) The Equine Foot. Vet Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 3:2 (1987) Neurological Diseases.

Vet Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 2:1 (1986) Diagnostic Ultrasound. Vet Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 6:1 (1990) Racetrack Practice. Vet Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 6:3 (1990) Principles and Techniques of Equine Anaesthesia. Vet Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 7:2 (1991) Advanced Diagnostic Techniques. Vet Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 8:2 (1992) Examination for Purchase. Vet Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 9:1 (1993) The Equine Head. Vet. Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 10:2 (1994) Tendon and Ligament Injuries I Vet. Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 11:2 (1995) Tendon and Ligament Injuries II Vet. Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 12:2 (1996) New Surgical Techniques and Instrumentation Vet. Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 13:1 (1997) Selected Neurologic and Muscular Diseases. Vet. Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 15:1 (1999) Back Problems. Wyn-Jones G (1988) Equine Lameness, Oxford, Blackwell. Journals and Other Sources of Reference Candidates are encouraged to read about their subject in current Journals. American Journal of Veterinary Research. Veterinary Record. Equine Veterinary Journal including Supplements and Equine Veterinary Education. Proceedings of meetings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound (previously Journal of the American Veterinary Radiology Society). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice. Legislation affection the veterinary profession in the United Kingdom, London RCVS. Price £8.00 for the 6th (1991) edition. Veterinary Surgery. Originated March l994 Revised July 1999 Revised July 2000

D

READING LIST - CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (SOFT TISSUE) Candidates should note that the reading lists for the Equine Certificates were frozen in 2002 and will eventually be withdrawn. Candidates are expected to research the literature for themselves and are recommended to make use of the RCVS Library and Information Service for this purpose (http://www.rcvslibrary.org.uk , e-mail - library@rcvs.org.uk or telephone 020 7222 2021). Candidates should also seek advice on suitable reading matter from their Advisers. Auer, J.A. (1992) Equine Surgery. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co. Beech, J (1991) Equine Respiratory Disorders. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger. Colahan, P.T., Mayhew, I.G., Merritt, A.M. and Moore, J.N. (1991) Equine Medicine and Surgery, 4th Edition, Volumes 1 and 2. California, American Veterinary Publications. Cox, J.E. Liverpool University Press. Surgery of the Reproductive Tract. Dietz, Wiesner. Pt. 2/1. Karger. Diseases of the horse. Dik, K.J. and Gunsser, I. (1990) Atlas of Diagnostic Radiology of the Horse, Volume 3. Philadelphia, Wolfe and W.B. Saunders Co., Getty, R. (1975) Sisson and Grossman's Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 5th Edition. Saunders. Hall, L.W. and Clarke, K.W. (1991) Veterinary Anaesthesia. 9th Edition. London, Balliere and Tindall. Hickman, J. (1985) Equine Surgery and Medicine, Volume 1. London, Academic Press. Jennings, P.B. (1984) Practice of Large Animal Surgery, Volumes 1 and 2. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., Kerjes, A.W., Nemeth, F. and Rutgers, L.J.E. (1985) Colour Atlas of Large Animal Surgery. London, Wolfe Medical Publications. McIlwraith, C.W. and Turner, A.S. (1987) Equine Surgery : Advanced Techniques. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger. McKinnon, A.O. and Voss, J.L. (1993) Equine Reproduction. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger. Rose, R.J., and Hodgson, D.R. (1993) Manual of Equine Practice. Philadelphia, W.D. Saunders & Co., Stashak, T.S. (1991) Equine Wound Management. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice (December 1988), Urogenital Surgery; (December 1989), Wound Management; (August 1989), Advances in Equine Abdominal Surgery; (December 1990), Anaesthesia; (April 1991), Respiratory Disease: Medicine and Surgery;

(December, 1991), Standing Surgery; (April 1993), The Equine Head; (December 1994), Emergency Treatment in the Adult Horse; Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., Traub-Dargatz, J,L, and Brown, C.M. (1990) Equine Endoscopy. St.Louis, C.B. Moseby & Co., Turner, A.S. and McIlwraith, C.W. (1989) Techniques in Large Animal Surgery, 2nd Edition. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger. Walker, D.F. and Vaughan, J.T. Lea and Febiger. Bovine and Equine Urogenital Surgery. White, N.A. The Acute Abdomen. Lea and Febiger. White, N.A. and Moore J.N. (1990) Current Practice of Equine Surgery. Philadelphia, J.P. Lippincott Co., Varner, D.D., Schumacher, J., Blanchard, T.L. and Johnson, L. (1991) Diseases and Management of Breeding Stallions. California American Veterinary Publications. PERIODICALS: Candidates are encouraged to read about their subject in current Journals. EVJ Vet. Surgery. Equine Veterinary Education Compendium of Continuing Education In Practice Veterinary Record Originated 1994 Revised July 1996

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS SPECIALISATION AND FURTHER EDUCATION

D CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE PRACTICE Candidates should note that the reading lists for the Equine Certificate were frozen in 2002 and will eventually be withdrawn. Candidates are expected to research the literature for themselves and are recommended to make use of the RCVS Library and Information Service for this purpose (http://www.rcvslibrary.org.uk , e-mail - library@rcvs.org.uk or telephone 020 7222 2021). Candidates should also seek advice on suitable reading matter from their Advisers. READING LISTS ARTHUR G H, NOAKES D E and PEARSON H (1989) Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, (Theriogenology), 6th edn., London, Bailliere Tindall BARNETT, K C., CRISPIN, S., LAVACH, J. D. and MATTHEWS, A. G. (1994). Colour Atlas and Text of Equine Ophthalmology. Mosby-Wolfe BROWN, C M. (1989). Problems in Equine Medicine. Lea and Febiger BUTLER, J A., COLLES, C M., DYSON, S.J., KOLD, S. E., and POULOS, P. W. (1993) Clinical, Radiology of the Horse Blackwell Scientific Publications COLAHAN, P.T., MAYHEW, I. G., MERRITT, A. M. and MOORE, J. N. (eds) (1991). Equine Medicine and Surgery 4th edn., Goleta. American Veterinary Publications DEBUF, Y. (1991). The Veterinary Formulary. Pharmceutical Press GETTY R (ed) (1975) Sisson and Grossman's Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, 2v, 5th end., Philadelphia, W B Saunders HALL L S and CLARKE K W (1991) Veterinary Anaesthesia, 9th edn., London, Bailiere Tindall HIGGINS, A. J. and WRIGHT, I. M. (eds) (1995). The Equine Manual W. B. Saunders Co. KNOTTENBELT, D. C. (1994). Colour Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of the Horse. Mosby-Wolfe MUIR, W. W. and HUBBELL, J. A. (1991). Equine Anaesthesia, Monitoring and Emergency Therapy. Mosby POLLIT, C. C. (1994). Colour Atlas of the Horse's Foot. Mosby-Wolfe ROBINSON N E (ed) (1992) Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, (3rd ed) Philadelphia: London: W B Saunders ROSE, R. J. and HODGSON, D. R. (1993). Manual of Equine Practice. W. B. Saunders Co STASHAK E S (1987) Adam's Lameness in Horses, 4th edn., Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger

TURNER A S and McILWRAITH C W (1989) Techniques in Large Animal Surgery, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger (UK, Bailliere Tindall) WYN-JONES G (1988) Equine Lameness, Oxford, Blackwell CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE PRACTICE Journals and other sources of reference Candidates are encouraged to read about their subject in current Journals. Equine Practice Veterinary Record Equine Veterinary Journal and Supplements Equine Veterinary Education Journal of Reproduction and Fertility *Theriogenology Proceedings of Meetings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners Veterinary Radiology Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Veterinary Annual Veterinary Clinics of North America Legislation Affecting the Veterinary Profession in the United Kingdom, RCVS. Unit for Veterinary Continuing Education, Royal Veterinary College: This Unit has a number of video/audio tape programmes which would be of interest to Certificate candidates, a full list can be obtained from the UVCE, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU (tel: 020 7468 5000). Originated in 1985 Revised March l992 Revised September 1995 Ref.C:\wp51\docs\epractic\readlist.95

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY READING LISTS (see also lists for Equine Practice) BUTLER J, COLLES C, DYSON S, KOLD S and POULOS P, (1992) Clinical Radiology of the Horse, Blackwells Scientific Publications FACKELMAN G C and NUNMAKER D M (1982) Manual of Internal Fixation in the Horse, Berlin, Springer-Verlag GOODY P (1983) Horse Anatomy, London, J A Allen HICKMAN J and HUMPHREY M (1988) Hickman's Farriery: a complete illustrated guide 2nd ed. London: J A Allen HICKMAN J (1964) Veterinary Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd McILWRAITH C W et al (1990) Diagnostic and Surgical Arthroscopy in the Horse 2nd ed. Philadelphia; London: Lea and Febiger McILWRAITH C W and TURNER A S (1987) Equine Surgery - Advanced Techniques, Lea & Febiger MAYHEW I G (l989) Large Animal Neurology : A Handbook for Veterinary Clinicians Philadelphia; London: Lea and Febiger MILNE D W and TURNER A S (1979) An Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones of the Horse, Philadelphia, Saunders MORGAN J P (1973) Radiology in Veterinary Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger SCHEBITZ H and WILKENS H (1977) Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy of the Horse, Berlin, Paul Parey SMYTHE R H (1975) The Horse, Structure and Movement, revised by P C Goody, 2nd edn., J A Allen STASHAK, E. S. (1991) Equine Wound Management Philadelphia; London: Lea and Febiger SUMNER-SMITH G (1982) Bone in Clinical Orthopaedics, Philadelphia, Saunders VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Symposium on Equine Lameness (l980)Large Animal Practice 2:1 VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Large Animal Practice Vol. 5:2 (1983) Equine Orthopaedic Surgery VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Equine Practice 5:1 (1989) The Equine Foot VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Equine Practice 3:2 (l987) Neurological Diseases VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Equine Practice 2:1 (1986) Diagnostic Ultrasound Originated in 1994 Revised September 1995 Ref.C:\wp51\docs\epractic\readlist.95

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS SPECIALISATION AND FURTHER EDUCATION CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE MEDICINE READING LISTS (see also lists for Equine Practice) ALLEN W E (l988) Fertility and Obstetrics in the Horse, London: Blackwell Scientific GINTHER O J (1986) Ultrasonic Imaging and Reproductive Events in the Mare. Dep. Vet. Sce., Univ., Madison, WI 53706, USA Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Equiservices, 4343 Garfoot Road, xvi 378pp. GINTHER O J (1979) Reproductive Biology of the Mare - Basic and Applied Aspects, The Author, Cross Plaines, Wisconsin, USA KOTERBA A M, DRUMMOND W H and KOSCH P C (1990) Equine Clinical Neonatology. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger. ROBERTS S J (1971) Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases, (Theriogenology) 3rd edn., Woodstock: The Author ROSSDALE P D and RICKETTS S A (1980) Equine Stud Farm Medicine, 2nd edn., London, Bailliere Tindall VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Large Animal Practice Vol. 5:2 (1983) Equine Orthopaedic Surgery VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Equine Practice 5:1 (1989) The Equine Foot VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Equine Practice 3:2 (l987) Neurological Diseases VET CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: Equine Practice 2:1 (1986) Diagnostic Ultrasound Originated in 1994 Revised September 1995 Ref.C:\wp51\docs\epractic\readlist.95 Frozen at November 2002

PLEASE ENSURE THAT YOU COMPLETE A FORM E1 (TO BE FOUND IN THE COMMON DOCUMENTS) AND ATTACH IT TO THIS FORM

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS E1(a)

SPECIALISATION AND FURTHER EDUCATION CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS) CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (SOFT TISSUE) (PLEASE DELETE AS APPROPRIATE) Details of the veterinary practice/establishment in which experience is being gained over at least two calendar years to meet the requirements of the byelaws for the Certificate in Equine Surgery (Orthopaedics) or Certificate in Equine Surgery (Soft Tissue): (If more than one practice/establishment, please photocopy this form and complete in respect of each such establishment) 1. Name of employment practice/establishment and address ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Date of commencement of employment_____________________________________________________ (and date of leaving if you are no longer employed at this address: ) 3. Details of the type of practice/establishment and, if appropriate, numbers of veterinary

surgeons usually working in your place of employment __________________________________________________________________ 4. Approx. total practice case load per month:_______________________ which includes:___________________________of equine cases per month. 5. Proportion (%) of total practice ase load which you personally undertake at present: ___________________________(%) which includes: ____________________________(%) of equine cases per month. 6. Description of your work in terms of the range of equine cases with which you deal

(please also state the percentage of your own time spent on equine work):

7. Equipment and facilities available for the examination and medical and surgical treatment of equine cases:

8. Names of senior colleagues in the practice who are prepared to assist you in your training. (Note: In addition, you will be assigned to an Adviser who may be outside your practice). Signature:_____________________________________________________________ Date:__________________________________________________________________

PLEASE RETURN ORIGINAL PLUS TWO COPIES

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS E2

SPECIALISATION AND FURTHER EDUCATION CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS) CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (SOFT TISSUE) (PLEASE DELETE AS APPROPRIATE) Application for FINAL approval of experience and for permission to submit an entry to the next examination This form must be completed and returned to the RCVS, Belgravia House, 62-64 Horseferry Road, London SWlP 2AF by l November. NO LATE APPLICATIONS WILL BE ACCEPTED. 1. NAME in full (block letters) _______________________________________________________________ 2. DEGREES/DIPLOMAS/CERTIFICATES_______________________________ (in abbrev.form) 3. ADDRESS for all correspondence (block letters) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. (a) TELEPHONE No(s) (for contact during day) ___________________ (b) FAX No. (for contact during day) ___________________________ 5. DATE OF ENROLMENT _______________________________ (MONTH/YEAR) If application for enrolment is being submitted concurrently with this application please state 'concurrent'. 6. PERIODS OF EXPERIENCE BEING OFFERED to meet the requirements of the byelaws

Veterinary Practice or Centre (name and address)

Period of employment (from/to)

Signed and Certified by Practice Principal

p.t.o.

If there has been any change in the work-load of the establishment, or in your personal work-load, since you applied for enrolment, please give details below: 7. ATTENDANCE AT RELEVANT SHORT COURSES Title of course attended: _________________________________________ Dates and venue: __________________________________________________ Please send a photocopy of your RCVS CPD Record Card for all CPD events attended during the period of experience you are offering. 8. OTHER INVOLVEMENT IN RELATION TO EQUINE SURGERY List any attendances at relevant congresses, conferences, meetings, symposia, etc., with

dates: 9. PUBLICATIONS/ARTICLES/PAPERS/LECTURES Give details below (including any involvement in the instruction of others): 10. OTHER POSTGRADUATE STUDIES During the period of experience being offered, have you been or are you studying for

any other postgraduate qualification? YES/NO If yes, please give brief details:

11. I HEREBY APPLY FOR FINAL APPROVAL OF EXPERIENCE AND FOR PERMISSION

TO SUBMIT AN ENTRY TO THE NEXT CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN: EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS) EQUINE SURGERY (SOFT TISSUE) (Please delete as applicable) I certify that the period of experience being offered has not been/is not being offered to

meet the requirements of the byelaws for any other RCVS Certificate or Diploma. 12. I enclose herewith the list of techniques and procedures (document F) which has been

issued to me, duly certified by: (a) my Adviser, namely: ____________________________________________ (b) a colleague in same practice/centre, namely:__________________________ 13. CONFIRMATION OF INTENT TO SIT THE EXAMINATION

If approval of experience is granted, I do/do not (delete as appropriate) intend to submit an entry to the next examination (closing date for receipt of entries is 1 March).

Signature Date Please enclose S.A.E. for acknowledgement

PLEASE RETURN ORIGINAL PLUS TWO COPIES

THE FOLLOWING SECTION SHOULD BE COMPLETED BY YOUR ADVISER: I confirm that I am acting as this candidate's Adviser. Name Signature Date

Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Specialisation and Further Education EQUINE BOARD

F CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS) TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES I CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING CANDIDATE IS GENERALLY COMPETENT AND EXPERIENCED IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TECHNIQUE/PROCEDURE COUNTERSIGNED BELOW: Candidate: ………………………………………………….. full name (in blocks) Adviser’s signature

and date

a. Radiography including film processing and film reading.

…………………………………

b. Principles of ultrasonography and interpretation of ultrasonograms.

…………………………………

c. Surgical techniques: i. periosteal transection and elevation; ii. transphyseal bridging, iii. inferior check ligament desmotomy, iv. palmar/plantar annular ligament

desmotomy v. palmar digital neurectomy vi. amputation of the small metacarpal and

metatarsal bones. vii. Arthroscopic surgery of the carpus,

fetlock, stifle and tarsocrural joints. Tenoscopic examination of the digital sheath.

viii. Harvesting of a cancellous bone graft. ix. Medial patellar desmotomy x. Wire repair of rostral mandibular and

incisor fractures

………………………………… ………………………………… …………………………………

.......................................... …………………………………

…………………………………

………………………………...

………………………………… ………………………………… …………………………………

…………………………………

d. Application of part or full limb cast. …………………………………

e. Neurological examination …………………………………

f. Methods for diagnosis of lameness (Syllabus 3(c).)

…………………………………

g. Methods for local infiltration and regional analgesia. Intra-articular and intra synovial analgesia techniques.

…………………………………

To be certified by a colleague in practice, normally a senior colleague, and /or an Adviser: Name of Persons who have signed above (in Blocks) …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… Amended Nov. 2005

Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Specialisation and Further Education

F EQUINE BOARD CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (SOFT TISSUE) TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES I CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING CANDIDATE IS GENERALLY COMPETENT AND EXPERIENCED IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TECHNIQUE/PROCEDURE COUNTERSIGNED BELOW: a. Wound management, including simple skin grafting

techniques.

………………………. b. Emergency and permanent tracheostomy. ………………………. c. d.

Laryngotomy and laryngeal ventriculectomy Prosthetic laryngoplasty

………………………. ……………………….

e. Surgical approaches to the paranasal sinuses. ………………………. f. Surgical techniques for removal of teeth. ………………………. g. Castration and its complications. ………………………. h. i.

Cryptorchidectomy Ovariectomy

………………………. ……………………….

j. Inguinal hernia repairs. ………………………. k. Amputation of the penis. ………………………. l. Repair of umbilical hernia. ………………………. m. Laparotomy. ………………………. n. Enterotomy. ………………………. o. p.

Enterectomy. Caesarean section in the mare

………………………. ……………………….

Candidate: …………………………………………………. full name (Surname in Blocks) To be certificate by a colleague in practice, normally a senior colleague, and/or an Adviser: Name of Persons who have signed above (in Blocks) …………………………………………………………….. Amended Nov. 2005

G

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS) (SOFT TISSUE) - ADVISERS Candidates should refer to the lists of Certificate and Diploma holders published in Section 3 of the RCVS Register of Members.

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (Orthopaedics)(Soft Tissue)

WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010

PAPER 1 (2 hours)

SECTION A –GENERAL SURGERY

(1 hour)

Candidates are required to answer ALL of the following EIGHT questions. Write short notes and use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 7½ minutes per question

1. Write short notes on the pathogenesis of endotoxaemia in the horse.

2. List FOUR different methods of haemostasis – for each method describe the advantages and disadvantages of the technique.

3. Tabulate the structure, absorption time and time of retention of tensile strength for: Polyglactin, nylon and Polyglycolic acid.

4. Write short notes on how a radiographic image is formed (you may describe either a conventional film or a computed radiography [CR] image). Include in your answer how X-rays are produced by an X-ray machine.

5. Define what is meant by a nosocomial infection. List FOUR organisms that can cause

nosocomial infections and briefly outline the ways in which these infections can be prevented or controlled.

6. Briefly describe how you would monitor a horse that has had a half-limb cast placed.

List the complications that may occur following application of a cast and briefly outline how such complications may be minimised or avoided.

7. List the adverse effects that may be seen following administration of the following groups of antibiotics: Penicilins, Cephalosporins, Trimethoprim sulphonamides and Aminoglycosides.

8. The healthy, fit, athletic horse e.g. racing Thoroughbred, provides challenges for general anaesthesia for elective surgical procedures. Describe the specific difficulties these cases present and the general principles of management to minimise potential problems.

P.T.O. FOR SECTION B

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (Orthopaedics)

WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010

PAPER 1 (2 hours)

SECTION B – ORTHOPAEDICS

(1 hour)

Candidates are required to answer ALL of the following FOUR questions. Write short notes and use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 15 minutes per question

9. List drugs and techniques available to provide pain relief during and after

orthopaedic surgery. Give brief descriptions of their modes of action and

possible side-effects.

10. Discuss the use of autologous blood products in the treatment of orthopaedic

pathology.

11. Discuss the use of equine stem cells in the treatment of orthopaedic disease with

reference to the statement “Stem cells, the cure for equine orthopaedic disease?”

12. Draw a diagram of the soft tissue attachment of the fetlock region. Show the

predilection sites of soft tissue and osseous injury for a Thoroughbred racehorse

around the metatarsophalangeal region, indicating type and an approximate

relative prevalence of injury at each site.

_____________

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS)

WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010

PAPER II – ORTHOPAEDICS (2 hours)

This paper is in two sections (A and B) and instructions relating to the number of questions to

be answered are given at the head of each Section

SECTION A (1 hour)

Candidates are required to answer ALL of the following EIGHT questions. Write short notes and use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 7½ minutes per question

1. Which joints are common sites of acquired flexural deformities in foals and young

horses? Outline the characteristic times of onset and the possible causes for each

location of flexural deformity.

2. Discuss the treatments options currently available to manage chronic osteoarthritis of

the tarsometatarsal and distal intertarsal joints of the hock.

3. Define the terms delayed union and non-union as complications of long bone fracture

repair and describe their radiographic appearance. List the main factors implicated in

the production of delayed union and non-union.

4. You have completed a 5-stage pre-purchase examination on a 6 year-old event horse.

The horse was sound but the right tarsocrural joint and right medial femorotibial joints

are moderately distended. What would you write on the certificate? What would you

discuss with the purchaser? What would you discuss with the vendor? Would you

recommend it for purchase?

P.T.O. for Questions 5 - 8

5. Discuss the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the horse.

6. Outline the protocol for preparation of an adult horse for bilateral stifle arthroscopy,

from admission the day before to the time of drape placement.

7. Describe the diagnosis and treatment of desmitis of the collateral ligaments of the distal

inter-phalangeal joint.

8. Describe the clinical signs of bicipital bursitis and outline how you would diagnose and

treat the condition.

P.T.O. FOR SECTION B

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (ORTHOPAEDICS)

WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010

PAPER II – ORTHOPAEDICS (2 hours)

This paper is in two sections (A and B) and instructions relating to the number of questions to

be answered are given at the head of each Section

SECTION B (1 hour)

Candidates are required to answer TWO of the following THREE essay questions. Allow 30 minutes per question

9. Musculoskeletal injury is common to all disciplines of equestrian sport. Using suitable

examples, discuss how different types of injury are characteristic of the disciplines of

European Thoroughbred racing (flat), endurance riding and dressage and the possible

aetiopathogenesis of such conditions.

10. Discuss the statement “As a profession we are very poor at accurately diagnosing the

causes of equine back pain”. Your answer should include a detailed outline of your

approach to a case of suspected back pain using the common causes of equine back

pain to illustrate the limitations of the investigation.

11. Describe how you would investigate a one year-old Arabian colt with a 9-month history

of neurological defects including hindlimb ataxia.

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THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY (Orthopaedics)(Soft Tissue)

WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010

PAPER 1 (2 hours)

SECTION A –GENERAL SURGERY

(1 hour)

Candidates are required to answer ALL of the following EIGHT questions. Write short notes and use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 7½ minutes per question  

9. Write short notes on the pathogenesis of endotoxaemia in the horse.

10. List FOUR different methods of haemostasis – for each method describe the advantages and disadvantages of the technique.

11. Tabulate the structure, absorption time and time of retention of tensile strength for:

Polyglactin, Nylon and Polyglycolic acid.

12. Write short notes on how a radiographic image is formed (you may describe either a conventional film or a computed radiography [CR] image). Include in your answer how X-rays are produced by an X-ray machine.

13. Define what is meant by a nosocomial infection. List FOUR organisms that can cause

nosocomial infections and briefly outline the ways in which these infections can be prevented or controlled.

14. Briefly describe how you would monitor a horse that has had a half-limb cast placed.

List the complications that may occur following application of a cast and briefly outline how such complications may be minimised or avoided.

15. List the adverse effects that may be seen following administration of the following

groups of antibiotics: Penicilins, Cephalosporins, Trimethoprim sulphonamides and Aminoglycosides.

16. The healthy, fit, athletic horse e.g. racing Thoroughbred, provides challenges for general

anaesthesia for elective surgical procedures. Describe the specific difficulties these cases present and the general principles of management to minimise potential problems.

P.T.O. FOR SECTION B

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY

WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010

PAPER 1 (2 hours)

SECTION B – SOFT TISSUE (1 hour)

Candidates are required to answer ALL of the following FOUR questions.

Write short notes and use clear diagrams where applicable.

Allow 15 minutes per question.

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9. A four year-old horse presents with a bilateral fracture of its mandible that passes through the mid-diastema on the left side and between the first and second cheek teeth on the right side. Write short notes describing TWO different methods of fracture fixation that would be appropriate for this case, listing the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

10. Write short notes on the management and subsequent repair of a third degree perineal laceration sustained in a mare that foaled 48 hours previously. 11. List factors that increase the risk of incisional hernia development subsequent to

performing a laparotomy. Outline your assessment and management of a horse that has developed this type of hernia.

12. A colleague has asked you to look at an 18 year-old Cob gelding that they vaccinated recently. During a brief examination, they noted an ulcerated lesion on the gelding’s glans penis and the owner is keen for further treatment to be performed. Write short notes describing your diagnostic approach to this case and the options for treatment.

_________________

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY

WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010

PAPER II –SOFT TISSUE (2 hours)

This paper is in two sections (A & B) and instructions relating to the number of questions to be

answered are given at the head of each section.

SECTION A (1 hour)

Candidates are required to answer ALL of the following EIGHT questions. Write short notes and use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 7½ minutes per question

1. Write short notes on radiographic signs associated with periapical infection of the maxillary cheek teeth.

2. You have noted blood on your rectal glove following rectal examination of a horse presented with colic. Briefly outline your approach to assessment and initial first aid treatment of this case.

3. Outline your approach for providing sensory and motor regional anaesthesia for performing a standing, transpalpebral enucleation in a Thoroughbred horse.

4. List the options for removal of a 7cm diameter urolith from the bladder of a gelding. Describe how you would perform closure of a cystotomy incision.

5. You performed a sinus osteotomy 2 months previously in a horse that you diagnosed with primary sinusitis at that time. It has re-presented to you because it has continuing mucopurulent nasal discharge from the same nostril. Write short notes on possible causes of the failure to resolve the clinical signs in this case.

6. Write short notes about ways in which the risk of peritoneal adhesions might be reduced or minimised when performing a laparotomy.

7. Briefly outline TWO surgical methods that may be used to perform unilateral ovariectomy in a mare with a 15cm diameter granulosa cell tumour. List the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.

8. List the imaging modalities that may be used to image the oesophagus and briefly describe the appearance of the normal oesophagus for each of these modalities.

P.T.O. FOR SECTION B

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE SURGERY

WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010

PAPER II –SOFT TISSUE (2 hours)

This paper is in two sections (A & B) and instructions relating to the number of questions to be

answered are given at the head of each section.

SECTION B (1 hour)

Candidates are required to answer TWO of the following THREE questions. Allow 30 minutes per question.

17. “Prosthetic laryngoplasty is a procedure that will soon be relegated to the history books.”

Discuss this statement, considering in particular the complications of laryngoplasty that you have observed or experienced and potential methods to prevent such complications occurring. Briefly outline the development of novel alternatives to laryngoplasty.

18. Strangulating lesions of the small colon occur less frequently compared to strangulating

lesion of the small intestine. Discuss the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of strangulating lesions of the small colon. Your answer should include reference to the similarities and differences between these lesions and strangulating obstructions of the small intestine.

19. A rescued 2 year-old Thoroughbred filly is presented to you with a 20x8cm non-healing wound and exuberant mass on the dorsal metatarsus. Describe in detail your management of this case. Your answer should include description of your initial investigation of this case, potential reasons for failure of wound healing and options for treatment.

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