CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 Switzerland3 rd Meeting of the GEANT Experts group Brussels, 10 March 2011 Frdric Hemmer CERN IT Department Head CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandOutline CERN Mission LHC Data in 2010 Connectivity Requirements CERN & Gant Future opportunities Conclusions 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 2 The Mission of CERN Push forward Push forward the frontiers of knowledge E.g. the secrets of the Big Bang what was the matter like within the first moments of the Universes existence? Develop Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors Information technology - the Web and the GRID Medicine - diagnosis and therapy Train Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow Unite Unite people from different countries and cultures 4 CERN was founded 1954: 12 European States Today: 20 Member States ~ 2300 staff ~ 2300 staff ~ 790 other paid personnel ~ 790 other paid personnel > users > users Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF ~ 2300 staff ~ 2300 staff ~ 790 other paid personnel ~ 790 other paid personnel > users > users Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF 20 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom 1 Candidate for Accession: Romania 8 Observers to Council: India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO 20 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom 1 Candidate for Accession: Romania 8 Observers to Council: India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandHighlights of 2010 2010 will be very challenging, but also exciting, with the focus of attention going more and more to Physics results 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 6 2010 Tier-0 Data Taking Stored ~ 15 PB in 2010 with peaks at 220 TB/day during Pb+Pb Tier-0 Bandwidth Average in: 2 GB/s with peaks at 11.5 GB/s Average out: 6 GB/s with peaks at 25 GB/s 7 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer Highlights of Data transfers Final readiness test (STEP09) Preparation for LHC startup First LHC physics 450 Gev Nearly 1 petabyte/week 2009: STEP09 + preparation for data LHCOPN External Networking: Average: 13 Gb/s with peaks at 70 Gb/s LHCOPN External Networking: Average: 13 Gb/s with peaks at 70 Gb/s LHC running: April Sept 2010 LHC physics 3.5 Tev 8 CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandCERNs mission (contd) CERN Research is not only about LHC: Antihydrogen/Antiproton ATRAP, ASACUSA, ACE, ALPHA Solar Axion Search CAST CNGS Opera, Icarus Isotopes Isolde, REX-Isolde Compass Archived 2.5 PB in 2010, of ATLAS... Dirac, Cloud, Ntof, etc... AMS 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 9 CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandCERNs mission (contd) CERN is not only about Physics WHO is connected via CERN to the Commodity Internet UNOSAT staff and servers hosted at CERN 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 10 CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandConnectivity Requirements CERN users must be guaranteed the possibility to connect to their research facilities (CERN as a host lab) From almost anywhere in the world Operator neutral Cost effective Open & Flexible Sustainable Some facilities like LHC requires (very) high bandwidth Must be guaranteed, 24x7 Data to reach scientists as soon as possible Data was available within hours in 2010 allowing for publications in matters of weeks One hour of LHC operation costs ~20 KCHF (300 KCHF if investment is considered) Must evolve to match the needs of the experiments Innovation driving the requirements Must guarantee that European researchers remain in a competitive position In particular wrt. their US & Asian colleagues Usually relies on a mixture of Research and Education Networks, Projects & Commercial Circuits Allowing a diversity of solutions based on capabilities & costs 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 11 CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandConnectivity Requirements (II) Other requirements include Connectivity to the general purpose (commercial) Internet To be in a position to sustain ~100 million hits/day on web servers from the general public To be able to webcast in HD quality high level events (including satellite transmission) To be able to perform remote teaching to schools and universities all around the world To ensure business continuity using SaaS (and perhaps soon Clouds) To provide organizations such as UNOSAT & WHO prompt access to their information and/or data Connectivity to third countries, in particular Africa To foster collaboration with high energy physicists in Africa To promote open access digital libraries for Africans (with Unesco) Connectivity to the local area France and Switzerland To comply with signed collaboration agreements such as with WHO and the French Haute- Savoie Mairies and Schools (CRI74) Further agreements with Intl Organizations in Geneva are likely to come 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 12 CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandCERN and Gant CERN remains 100% committed to Gant: CERN hosts the Gant PoP Very pleased with the overall reliability Although there remain operational problems with Dante Monitoring, procedures, 5 Gbps peering CERN pays of the Swiss national contribution to Gant But actually has no say in the process But observes that prices have dropped and competition has increased (7/2010 Cost of 10 Gbps CHF/10 Mbps * month): CERN is bound by financial rules Enforcing competition and return to the member states Might be difficult in the future to justify non-competitive costs of Gant Sustainability cannot be guaranteed with short term EC projects But LHC is scheduled to run for the next 20 years It would be desirable to be able to sign SLAs with Dante Premiums and Penalties would be included The separation of academic and commercial traffic might be problematic in the future Access to commercial services 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 13 Telco 1 (CH) Telco 2 (US) Telco 3 (DE) Telco 4 (CH) Telco5 (UK) CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandFuture changes impacting networking CERN Geographical Enlargement Might imply connectivity and higher bandwidth to other regions of the world E.g. India, China, Brazil, Cyprus, Turkey, Mexico, etc... CERN Scientific Enlargement Might imply connectivity and higher bandwidth for other communities E.g. AstroParticle, Neutrinos in Asia, etc... Remote Tier-0 CERN intends to host part of its Tier-0 capacity elsewhere in a member state A possible consequence would be a requirement for high bandwidth and low latency Possible use of Cloud Computing Might require high bandwidth to commercial Internet 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 14 CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandConclusions CERNs networking requirements are various, from guaranteed high bandwidth to collaborating institutes, to minimal connectivity to the third world And will evolve due to CERNs geographic and scientific enlargements CERN is in general satisfied with Gant But its sustainability is questioned Not clear how the competition required by CERN financial rules can be taken into account Innovation is a key factor that will drive the evolution of the computing models of virtual organizations 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 15 CERN IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 SwitzerlandAnother remark CERN is are interested in federated identity systems and consider the work of GEANT with eduRoam and eduGAIN as being potentially interesting A Workshop on federated identity systems for scientific collaborations workshop for 9-10 June 2011 at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland 10 March 2011 Expert Group on Networking - Frdric Hemmer 16