CeramicsChemistry Block 2

Teacher: Puan Umi Azura binti Md. Zain

Group Members: Nicole Tan Ze Nee7609

Noor Aishah Zaharah binti Mohamed Zakhir7674

Nur Azizan bin Wazir7617

Marks DistributionIntroduction10

Contents30

Whole Presentation of the Scrapbook15

References5

Introduction to CeramicsA ceramic is defined as an inorganic non-metallic solid which is prepared by heating a substance or mixture of substances to a high temperature. *A ceramic is non-metallic, but ceramics are compounds of metallic and non-metallic elements The word ceramic originates from the Greek work keromikos, meaning burnt stuff.Some examples of notable ceramics are Silica (SiO2) and Alumina (Al2O3). Silica is a major component of many glass products. Alumina is a very versatile ceramic it is used in abrasives (e.g. sandpaper) and artificial bones.

Properties of CeramicsCeramics are very hard, but brittle, materials. They can withstand extremely high temperatures as they have low thermal conductivity. Ceramics also have high mechanical force (ability to withstand the stress of physical forces) and are resistant to elongation under stress. Ceramics are insulators of electricity. Structure of Ceramics

StrengthMelting pointElectrical insulating propertiesUses

Extras

Ceramics, in general, are made by heating natural clays. Two major groups in which these clays are grouped are red clay and kaolin clay. Red clays primary ingredient in silicon dioxide and iron oxide; while kaolin clay is mainly aluminium oxide with very little, if not no, iron oxide content. As red clay has a higher iron content, it is usually a shade of brown, while kaolin clay is white as aluminium oxide is white. Some groupings of ceramics are based on the temperature at which they are fired. Usually, lower-fired ceramics will absorb water more easily. Conversely, higher-fired ceramics will absorb little, if not no, water. Classification of CeramicsThe types of ceramics include oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulphides and fluorides. As suggested by the names, this classification is based on composition.Another classification is by applications. Some examples are glasses, clay products, refractories, abrasives and cements. Ceramic ProductsThere are many uses and products of ceramics. Some are used in our daily lives and some we may not even know exist throughout our lives. Common products are bottles and lenses (as in glasses) made of glass. It is about 75% silicon dioxide (SO2). Fibre optic communications lines (optical fibre) is made out of glass fibre. Optical fibres carry light across very long distances with little need for signal amplifiers because the refractive index of the material causes total internal reflection of light within the fibre. As light transmits the information, and it undergoes total internal reflection throughout, very little illumination, and therefore information, is lost. Some lesser known uses include magnetic ceramics as used in computer memories. An example of a magnetic ceramic is Fettire, which is primarily iron (II) oxide (Fe2O3). These ceramics are ferromagnetic and can be made into permanent or electro- magnets. Ceramics can also be utilised for purposes such as artificial teeth and bones.

BibliographyAuthor(s) Title Edition Publisher (year of publication) i. Roger Norris, Lawrie Ryan, David Acaster, Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry Coursebook, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press (2012)ii. http://www.yourdictionary.com/mechanical-strengthiii. http://www.uama.org/Abrasives101/101Types.htmliv. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112108150/pdf/PPTs/MTS_10_m.pdfv. http://www.mnhs.org/preserve/conservation/connectingmn/docs_pdfs/repurposedbook-ceramics_000.pdfvi. M. P. Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing 2/e, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2002)a. http://wwwme.nchu.edu.tw/~CIM/courses/Manufacturing%20Processes/Ch07-Ceramics-Wiley.pdfvii. http://ceramics.org/learn-about-ceramics/structure-and-properties-of-ceramicsviii.