1. Refractory MaterialsNutthita Chuankrerkkul11 February 2011

2. Refractory - (2 ) (2 ) http://www.bloggang.com/viewdiary.php?id=weerachai&month=06-2009&date=09&group=2&gblog=2 2 3. Blast Furnacehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsyDQy0djs4 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/blast_furnace/index_embed.shtml 3 4. Refractory - Refractory metal: , , 2548 4 5. Refractory - ASTM C71-01a refractory 2 refractory (noun) nonmetallic materials havingthose chemical and physical properties that makethem applicable for structures, or as componentsof systems, that are exposed to environmentsabove 1000F (538C).Refractarius (adj.) [Latin]: resisting controlresistant to high temperature.refractory (adjective) or authority : stubborn, unmanageableExample: Refractory students may be disciplined, suspended, or expelled,depending on the seriousness of their offense. http://www.merriam-webster.com5 6. Refractory - (non-metallic materials) 6 7. http://www.glengerybrick.com/ http://www.wearflex.com/http://www.refractories.saint-gobain.com/7 8. /8 9. http://www.siamrefractory.com9 10. http://www.most.go.th/main/index.php/summary-technology/metal-and-materials-technology.html 10 11. Ceramic Heat Shield inCombustion Chamber ofGas Turbine Engines atPower Plant Station http://www.siemens.com11 12. 1. - Acid refractories () MO2SiO2, ZrO2 - Neutral refractories () M2O3 Al2O3 , Cr2O3 - Basic refractories () MO MgO, CaO2. - Shaped refractories Bricks, Insulating firebricks - Unshaped refractories (Monolithic) - Fibrous materials Ceramic fiber12 13. Unshaped refractories (Monolithic) Mortar HM: Heat setting mortar AM: Air setting mortar Castables Plastics Gunning mixes Ramming mixes Spraying materials Patching materialshttp://www.siamrefractory.com/ 13 14. 3. - Oxides SiO2, Al2O3, MgO - Non-oxides C, SiC, Si3N4 - Composites MgO-C, Al2O3-C 14 15. - 15 16. refractorinessRefractoriness is often used to indicate thesoftening deformation temparature ofrefractories as the temperature is increased.It is the practical term used for comparison ofrefractory performance among refractorymaterials on basis of tolerance to heat. P.C.E.(Pyrometric Cone Equivalent)16 17. Pyrometric Cone The pyrometric cone is described by Dodd and Murfin (1994) as A pyramid with a triangular base and of a defined shape and size; the "cone" is shaped from a carefully proportioned and uniformly mixed batch of ceramic materials so that when it is heated under stated conditions, it will bend due to softening, the tip of the cone becoming level with the base of a definitive temperature.Pyrometric cones are made in series, the temperature intervalbetween the successive cones usually being 20 degreesCelsius. The best known series are Seger Cones (Germany),Orton Cones (USA) and Staffordshire Cones (UK).Dodd, A. and Murfin, D. (ed.) (1994) Dictionary Of Ceramics. 3rd edition. Institute of Materials.Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge. ISBN 0-901716-56-117 18. Pyrometric ConeSeger Cone: Hermann Seger in 1886 (DIN)Orton Cone: Edward Orton, 1896 (ASTM)http://www.walkerceramics.com.au/cones.htm Self-supporting cone 18 19. Pyrometric Cone : : 19 20. Pyrometric Cone 3 20 C http://www.walkerceramics.com.au/cones.htm20 21. http://www.ortonceramic.com/resources/pdf/wall_chart_horiz.pdf 21 22. (density) 22 23. (Bulk density) m SI Unit: kg/m3= V g/cm3 23 24. (Archimedes principle) Sicily 24 25. ASTM C20 80aStandard Test Method for Apparent porosity,Water absorption, apparent specific gravity,bulk density of burned refractory brick andshapes by boiling water (Dry weight): D (Suspended weight): S() (Saturated weight): W 25 26. ASTM C20 80a (Dry weight): D () (Saturated weight): W(Suspended weight): S26 27. ASTM C20 80a : water absorptionwater absorption = (Saturated weight Dry weight) x 100 Dry weight (%), water absorption= W D x 100D 27 28. ASTM C20 80a : bulk density, V = W- S= (Saturated weight Suspended weight), bulk density = Dry weight (Saturated weight Suspended weight) = D V =D WS 28 29. ASTM C20 80a : apparent porosity, V = W- S= (Saturated weight Suspended weight) (%), apparent porosity= (Saturated weight Dry weight) x 100(Saturated weight Suspended weight)= W D x 100 V= W D x 100WS 29 30. ASTM C20 80a % apparent porosity = W D x 100 WS % water absorption= W D x 100D bulk density=D WS% apparent porosity = % water absorption x bulk density30 31. = 15.384 = 11.325 = 15.436 1) % 1.26 %2) % 0.34 %3) 3.74 g/cm331 32. http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_water.htm32