Central Plan Outlay in Crore Rs

1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005- 06 2006-07

Elementary Education 2852 3150 3732 4302 4900 7943 12536 17133

Health 1062 1250 1393 1480 1651 2211 2719 3237

Family Welfare 3120 3200 3506 4174 4955 5300 6424 8052

Women & Child Development 1250 1350 1642 2085 2600 2448 3931 4853

Water & Sanitation 2250 2750 3284 4761 6002

Flagships Programmes of Government of India

• Sarva Siksha Abhiyan – (10,041 + 8746 transferred from education cess = 18787 )

• Mid-day Meal Scheme• Rajiv Gandhi Drinking Water Mission• Total Sanitation Campaign• National Rural Health Mission• Integrated Child Development Services• National Rural Employment Gurantee Scheme• Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal

Mission

Total allocation in 2005-06 was 34927 crores – Total allocation in 2006-07 is 50,015, an increase of 43.2 %

State-wise Literacy Rates in Percentages

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

IndiaMadhya PradeshRajasthanUttar Pradesh

4246

5257

60

75 7682 83

79 7772

67

5853

49

4036

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

IMR 2003 IMR 2004

Decline in Infant Mortality Rate in Disadvantaged States

West Bengal: Progress Profile for Total Sanitation Campaign

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05TSC achievem ents

No

. of

IHH

Ls/

HH

s

Physical Progress - allHHs with IHHLs

Physical Progress - AllBHP HHs with IHHLs

70%

51%

44%

8%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

1993-94 Education Survey 2003-04 TSC Baseline

Water Supply Sanitation

Water and Sanitation in Schools

51

192

209

160

24

49

65

43

0.47

0.26

0.31

0.27

0

50

100

150

200

250

Sep-03 Oct-Mar 04 Apr-Sep 04 Oct-Feb 05*

No

. o

f d

ea

ths

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

de

ath

No. of admission No. of deaths Death rate Trend line of death rate

A 10-bed sick newborn unit in a district hospital, air conditioned, with oxygen supply, nursing station and other cost effective and efficient equipment such as an infusion pump, blood gas analyzer, radiant warmer, phototherapy unit, etc. Six Stabilization Units - 4 functional - - Partnership – State Govt., District administration, Panchayat, District Health & FW sector, NGO, UNICEF

ADVOCACY, PLANNING, RESTRUCTURING, STAFFING, SUPPLIES, TRAINING, innovating (Newborn aides) – Mortality reduced by half.

Newborn Admission and Deaths - Newborn Care Unit Purulia District Hospital

Changes in Malnutrition levels in Bihar : through Nutrition interventions

•8% decline in the prevalence of underweight among children under three,

•20% increase in the use of colostrum feeding within one hour of birth,

•20% decline in the episodes of diarrhea in under-3, and

•30% increase in the consumption of adequately iodized salt

Location of poliovirus, India2003 - 20062003 2004

225 cases in 87 districts

134 cases in 43 districts

66 cases in 35 districts

2005

* data as on 8th May, 2006

26 cases in14 districts

2006*

ConstraintsBroad Issues:• Management and systemic bottlenecks particularly in

disadvantaged states• Low levels of community involvement in management of

services• Predominance of vertical, issue-specific approaches • Staffing: Frequent transfers, vacant posts particularly in

remote locations, poor performance of service-providers (i.e. attendance rates of teachers)

• Weak monitoring systems and limited use of evidence at local levels

• Political considerations have influenced programmatic decisions

ConstraintsSpecific to UNICEF:• Predominance of sectoral programmes with limited

focus on intersectoral collaboration• Limited emphasis on integrated behaviour change

communication• Overlap in responsibility between national and state

level officers• Limited capacity in certain states (Chattisgarh,

Jharkhand and Assam)• Lack of flexibility in certain procedures• Programme/project perspective with a need to realign

staff to becoming more involved in policy, systems and governance related issues

IMR in 2004

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

KeralaMaharashtraWest Bengal

Tamil NaduPunjab

J & KJharkhandKarnataka

Gujarat

Andhra PradeshChhatisgarh

BiharHaryana

AssamRajasthan

UPOrissa

MP

Economic Growth in Major Indian States

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Ass

am

Utta

r Pra

desh

Oris

sa

Punj

ab

Bih

ar

Mad

hya

Prad

esh

And

hra

Prad

esh

Raj

asth

an

Ker

ala

Tam

il N

adu

Mah

aras

htra

Kar

nata

ka

Him

acha

lPra

desh

Har

yana

Wes

t Ben

gal

Guj

arat

All-

Indi

a

1980-19901990-2004

Full Immunisation under Universal

Immunisation programme (per cent)

  1998-99 2002-03

Uttar Pradesh 43.7 29.8

Andhra Pradesh

74.5 61.6

Assam 46.7 27.6

Haryana 66 57.9

Madhya Pradesh

48.4 34

(MTA X Plan)

Share in rural poverty

0

5

10

15

20

25

perc

entag

e of t

he to

tal

1973-74

1999-00

1973-74 17.22 12.88 9.87 8.85 8.07 6.82 6.61 5.44 3.25 4.91 4.26 3.88 3.62 1.17 1.15

1999-00 21.32 19.48 9.32 11.25 6.47 3.01 4.17 7.44 4.77 3.1 1.09 2.85 2.06 0.53 0.62

UP Bihar WB MPMaharashtra

AP TN Orissa AssamKarnata

kaKerala

Rajasthan

Gujarat PunjabHaryan

a

Services Available in Rural UPServices Available in the Dwelling Unit

Poorest 20% Wealthiest 20%

Electricity 4% 28%Drinking water 25% 66%Services Available in the village

   

Primary school 59% 61%Middle school 6% 83%Pre-school centre 38% 60%Government Fair price shop (for cheap grains)

43% 57%

Figure -3.1 : Uttar Pradesh Government's Allocation on Social Services as a Proportion to Total Uttar Pradesh Budget (in %)

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

Per capita Plan expenditure in Five Year Plans

50

60

70

80

90

100

Plan Period

Percentage of U.P. to AllStates

Deterioration in governance

• Increasing politicization of administration, eroding the stability of tenure and undercutting managerial authority

• Administrative fragmentation leading to a proliferation of senior positions

• Little concern for correct reporting and outcome monitoring

• Building networks with patrons and politicians• System is committed to service provider, but not to

service provisionHonesty, impartiality, and commitment to public

welfare are no longer being demanded

Why are we not changing the system?

•Those who can change actually benefit from chaos & leakages

•They are indifferent, as they do not lose due to bad delivery

•Effecting change is beyond them (short tenure, risk, lack of consensus)

Laying down a road map and sequencing of reforms is as important as the reform itself

UNICEF’s role in knowledge management

• Recruitment procedure for teachers and medical staff• Promotion of para teachers to regular teachers• Transparency in postings, esp to remote areas• Avoiding delays in salary disbursement• Teachers’ involvement in MDM• Decentralisation of SNP supplies in ICDS• Partnership with NGOs; how are NGOs selected?• Effective utilisation of IEC funds in sanitation• Develop indicators for judging quality• Panchayat & Other Committees’ involvement & accountability• Partnerships with Planning Dept & ATI

States learn from each other, hence establish a tradition of multi-state studies; collect best practices

UNICEF Country Programme: New challenges and changing Role

Role of UN in the 21st Century

Building institutional capacities

Advocacy, standards and norms

Post crisis response

On-going Reform: ‘Three Ones’

There is a changing UN culture – from agency-specific to real UN system-wide thinking and joint results

Programme

Team

Leader

Uttaranchal

Maharashtra

Karnataka

Lakshadweep

Goa

Kerala

Tamil Nadu

Pondicherry

Andhra Pradesh

Dadra & Nagar Haveli

Rajasthan

Gujarat

Daman & Diu

Jammu & Kashmir

Uttar Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh

Haryana

Punjab

Delhi

Himachal Pradesh

Chandigarh

Jharkhand

Orissa

Chhattisgarh

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

MeghalayaBihar

Assam

Sikkim

Manipur

TripuraMizoram

Arunachal Pradesh

Nagaland

West Bengal

¤ Field Offices

Country Office

¤¤

¤

¤

¤

¤

¤

¤

¤

¤

¤

¤

¤

Kolkata

BhubaneshwarRaipur

Hyderabad

Chennai

Mumbai

Gandhinagar

Jaipur

Bhopal

LucknowPatna

Ranchi

Guwahati¤

New Delhi

UNICEF: A national and state presence

The Country Programme in 2003-2007

RCH CDN CE Educ CP HIVAIDS

Advocacy &

Partnerships

PME

Reduce IMR -MMRReduce Child MalnutritionEnhance Child ProtectionEnsure quality primary

educationPrevent HIVAIDS

Under - 3 School Age Adolescence

Empowered families & communitiesExpanded partnerships

Improved knowledge base on children

Summary of Key Results

• Progress with salt iodization in certain states, increase from 37% in 2003 to 57% in 2005.

• “Last mile” for polio • Vitamin A supplementation increased with positive implications for

well-being of children: i.e. 76.2% for the May 2005 round in 12 – 36 months children in Orissa

• While sanitation remains low nationwide, sanitary marts have transformed West Bengal: Model be scaled-up nationwide

• Water and sanitation facilities in schools dramatically increased, with positive implications for girls’ attendance and also changing behaviors within communities

• Effective models developed for reducing mortality in first month of life; reducing malnutrition and also increasing performance of schools. Challenge now to “go to scale” while maintaining quality and sustainability.

Changing role of UNICEF….

• Normative Agenda• Modeling innovative interventions • Knowledge Management and Analysis• Systems Strengthening at district level• Community Empowerment• Behaviour Change at household level

Promoting Political, Economic and Social Inclusion by: