central okanagan final report 2013 · bwp figur figur figur figur figur h figur b figur figur figur...

F

Final RepNuis

port of thance Mo

Pr

R

he Regionosquito Crevention

Report prepa

By Burke P

Cheryl P

BWP C

nal DistriControl ann Program

ared Decemb

Phippen, R.P

hippen, RN,

Consulting In

ict of Cennd West m, 2013

*Filming Global

ber, 2013

P.Bio &

, BSc

nc.

ntral OkaNile Viru

News story, 2013

anagan us

BWP

List oList oExecu1.0 In

1.11.21.31.41.5

2.0 E2.12.22.3

3.0 L3.13.2

4.0 T5.0 P

5.15.2

6.0 A6.16.2

7.0 S8.0 B

8.1

Regiona

P Consulting

of Tables ....of Figures ...utive Summntroduction .1. Nuisance P2. West Nile3. What is W4. West Nile5. Surveillan

Environmenta1. Snow Pack2. Temperatu3. Flow level

Larval Mosqu1. Larval Sur2. Larvicidin3.2.1. Surfac3.2.2. Catch

Tire Collectioublic Educa

1. Radio and2. Public Ou

Adult Mosqu1. Method of2. Results of 6.2.1. Adult 6.2.2. Adult 6.2.3. Adult 6.2.4. Adult ummary of W

Biology of M1. Aedes and8.1.1. Aedes8.1.2. Aedes8.1.3. Ochle8.1.4. Ochle8.1.5. Ochle8.1.6. Ochle8.1.7. Ochle8.1.8. Ochle8.1.9. Ochle8.1.10. Ochl8.1.11. Ochl8.1.12. Ochl

al District of

Inc.

...................

...................mary .............

...................Program .....Virus Preve

West Nile VirVirus Life C

nce in Britishal Factors ...k .................ure and Precls ................uito Surveillrveillance ...

ng Activitiesce water mon

h basin larvicon Program tion ............

d Internet Adtreach .........ito Surveillaf Adult Survf Adult Mosq

mosquito trmosquito trmosquito trmosquito tr

West Nile VMajor Mosquid Ochlerotatus cinereus ...s vexans ......erotatus camperotatus canaerotatus comerotatus dorserotatus excrerotatus fitcherotatus incrlerotatus intrlerotatus spelerotatus stic

Central Oka

Table

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................ention Progrrus, and WhyCycle ..........h Columbia ..........................................ipitation ..........................lance and Tr.................... ...................nitoring and

ciding ..................................................

ds .....................................ance .............veillance .......quito Surveilrapping in Wrapping in Grapping near rapping in Oy

Virus Vector ito Species Cus Species ...........................................

mpestris ........adensis ........

mmunis .........salis .............rucians ........hii ................repitus ..........rudens .........encerii (bothcticus ...........

anagan Mosq

e of Content

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................am ..............y is it a Conc........................................................................................................................eatment ...............................................

d larviciding .............................................................................................................................................llance ..........

Winfield ........lenmore ......Mission Creyama ...........Competency

Collected in ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

h variants) ........................

quito Contro

ts

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................cern? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................eek ..................................y for BC Mothe RDCO i

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....................

....................

....................

....................

ol Program, 2

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....................osquito Specin 2013 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2013

Page i

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iii

v vi 1 3 3 4 5 6 9 9 0 1 3 5 5 6 6 7 9

21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 35 35 35

BWP

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

9.0 R10.0 RAppe

at

Regiona

P Consulting

2. Anopheles8.2.1. Anoph8.2.2. Anoph8.2.3. Anoph3. Coquillett8.3.1. Coqui4. Culex spec8.4.1. Culex8.4.2. Culex5. Culiseta S8.5.1. Culise8.5.2. Culise8.5.3. Culise8.5.4. Culise

RecommendaReferences .

endix I. Sumeach site, m

al District of

Inc.

s Species .....heles earlei .heles freeborheles punctipidia Speciesillettidia percies .............

x pipiens ......x tarsalis .....Species ........eta incidens eta inornata eta minnesoteta morsitanations .............................

mmary of Larmany of these

Central Oka

....................

....................rni ...............pennis .........s ...................rturbans ..............................................................................................................................

tae ...............ns .........................................................rviciding Ac

e are the resu

anagan Mosq

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

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....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................ctivities in Rult of multipl

quito Contro

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................RDCO in 201le applicatio

ol Program, 2

....................

....................

....................

....................

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....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................13 (total amoons) ..............

2013

Page i

................. 3

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................. 3

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................. 4

................. 4

................. 4

................. 4

................. 4ount applied................. 4

iv

36 36 36 37 37 37 37 38 39 39 39 40 40 41 41 43 d 44

BWP

Table

K

Table

R

Table

Table

Table

W

Table

t

Table

Table

Table

V

Regiona

P Consulting

e 1. Summa

Kelowna be

e 2. Summa

RDCO in 20

e 3. Summa

e 4. Summa

e 5. Number

Winfield. ...

e 6. Number

the landfill i

e 7. Number

Gordon Driv

e 8. Number

Oyama. ......

e 9. Mosqui

Virus Vecto

al District of

Inc.

ary of maxim

tween 1997

ary of surface

013, by area.

ary of tires co

ary of educat

rs of adult m

...................

rs of adult m

in Glenmore

rs of adult m

ve in Missio

rs of adult m

...................

ito species in

ors (Belton, 2

Central Oka

LIST

mum instanta

and 2013. ...

e water larvi

. ...................

ollected for r

tional events

mosquitoes ca

....................

mosquitoes ca

e. ..................

mosquitoes ca

n. ................

mosquitoes ca

....................

n British Col

2007). ..........

anagan Mosq

OF TABLE

aneous disch

....................

iciding cond

....................

recycling at

s attended by

aptured each

....................

aptured each

....................

aptured each

....................

aptured each

....................

lumbia ident

....................

quito Contro

ES

harge for Mis

....................

ducted in par

....................

the drop-off

y BWP staff

h week in a C

....................

h week in a C

....................

h week in a C

....................

h week in a C

....................

tified as pote

....................

ol Program, 2

ssion Creek

....................

rticipating ar

....................

f events in 2

f in the RDCO

CDC black-l

....................

CDC black-l

....................

CDC black-l

....................

CDC black-l

....................

ential human

....................

2013

Page

near East

................. 1

reas of the

................. 1

013. ......... 2

O in 2013. 2

light trap in

................. 2

light trap at

................. 2

light trap on

................. 2

light trap in

................. 2

n West Nile

................. 3

v

5

6

21

23

26

27

n

28

29

31

BWP

Figur

Figur

Figur

Figur

Figur

H

Figur

b

Figur

Figur

Figur

Figur

Regiona

P Consulting

re 1. Base 14

re 2. Snow p

compared w

re 3. Minim

Canada wea

re 4. Daily p

(1123939). .

re 5. Averag

Hydrometric

from previou

re 6. VectoL

basin. .........

re 7. Altosid

larvae. ........

re 8. West N

October 19th

re 9. Booth a

re 10. CDC

al District of

Inc.

4.3°C degree

pack at Miss

with recent ye

mum and max

ather station

precipitation

...................

ge daily disc

c Station #08

us high-wate

Lex WSP, 10

...................

d Pellets appl

...................

Nile Virus Ri

h, 2013.......

and public ou

mosquito bl

Central Oka

LIST

e-day map fo

sion Creek (M

ears and hist

ximum daily

Kelowna (1

n measured a

....................

charge for 20

8NM116) ne

er years. ......

g water solu

....................

lied at 7 gram

....................

sk Reduction

....................

utreach at th

lack-light tra

anagan Mosq

OF FIGURE

or BC, 2013

Ministry of F

torical max,

y temperature

123939). .....

at Environme

....................

013 measure

ear East Kelo

....................

uble pouch fo

....................

ms per catch

....................

n Tire Colle

....................

he Kelowna B

ap. ...............

quito Contro

ES

(from BCCD

FLNRO Site

min and ave

es (°C) meas

....................

ent Canada w

....................

d on Mission

owna, BC, c

....................

for larval mo

....................

h basin for co

....................

ection Event

....................

Block Party,

....................

ol Program, 2

DC, 2013) ..

e 2F05P) in 2

erage (1969-

sured at Env

....................

weather stati

....................

n Creek (WS

compared wi

....................

osquito contr

....................

ontrol of mo

....................

at Okanagan

....................

, August 10th

....................

2013

Page v

...................

2013,

-2013). ..... 1

vironment

................. 1

ion Kelowna

................. 1

SC

ith flows

................. 1

rol in catch

................. 1

osquito

................. 1

n College,

................. 2h, 2013. .... 2

................. 2

vi

8

1

2

a

3

4

8

8

20

23

25

BWP

cond

smal

Regio

educ

collec

prog

withi

the p

highe

and h

highe

200G

blow

(Baci

18,36

and 1

inter

inter

event

area

ten w

the m

captu

The t

low t

Regiona

P Consulting

A nuisan

ducted withi

l area in We

onal Distric

ation, mosq

ctions). BW

ram.

Approxim

in the bound

presence of m

er than aver

higher than

est water lev

G (Bacillus th

wer to 72.20

illus sphaeri

69 catch bas

10,205 catch

Public ed

rnet advertis

rviews and t

ts througho

Four adu

(in Winfield

weeks durin

mosquito spe

ured (with t

two primary

to moderate

al District of

Inc.

ce mosquito

n the bound

est Kelowna

ct of Centra

quito surveil

WP Consulti

mately 191 p

daries of th

mosquito la

rage snow-p

n average pr

vels in Miss

thuringiensis

ha of standi

icus) and 30

sins within t

h basins in A

ducation exp

sing, as well

television ne

out the summ

ult mosquito

d, Glenmor

g which tim

ecies presen

the highest n

y vectors of

e numbers a

Central Oka

EXECUTIV

o control an

daries of the

a and in the

l Okanagan

llance, mosq

ing Inc. was

potential lar

e mosquito

arvae in 201

pack, higher

recipitation

sion Creek o

is var israele

ing water. I

0.55 kg of A

the particip

August).

penditures i

l, the distrib

ews stories

mer in the p

o trapping s

re, Mission a

me the conte

nt at the tra

numbers ca

f WNV, Cul

at all of the s

anagan Mosq

VE SUMMA

nd West Nile

e City of Ke

e East and W

n (RDCO).

quito contro

s contracted

rval develop

control pro

3. Environ

r than avera

throughout

on record. A

ensis) was a

In addition,

Altosid pellet

pating areas

included the

bution of va

Information

participating

sites were se

and Oyama

nts of the tr

pping site.

aptured in W

lex pipiens a

sites except

quito Contro

ARY

e Virus Mit

elowna, Dist

West Electo

Activities in

ol, and habi

d to conduct

pment sites

ogram, and

mental cond

age tempera

t the spring)

A total of 50

applied by h

, 140.05 kg

ts (methopr

(8,164 catc

e purchase o

arious media

nal booths w

g communit

elected with

a). The trap

raps were id

A total of 4

Winfield), re

and Culex ta

Glenmore,

ol Program, 2

tigation pro

trict of Lak

ral Areas of

ncluded pub

itat modific

t all activitie

have been i

all were mo

ditions (incl

atures in ea

) resulted in

07.16 kg of

hand and ba

of VectoLex

rene) were u

ch basins in

of radio, tel

a releases, m

were held a

ties.

hin the mosq

ps operated

dentified to

4,858 mosqu

epresenting

arsalis, were

where Cule

2013

Page

gram was

ke Country,

f the

blic

cation (tire

es under thi

identified

onitored for

luding

arly May,

n some of th

Vectobac

ackpack

x WSP

used to trea

late June

levision and

media

at eight

quito contro

for between

determine

uitoes were

22 species.

e found in

ex tarsalis

1

a

is

r

he

at

d

ol

n

BWP

was f

and C

used

sched

perio

Regiona

P Consulting

found in hig

Coquillettidi

In order

tire collecti

duled throu

od, a total of

al District of

Inc.

gh numbers

ia perturban

to reduce la

ion program

ughout the R

f 2,208 tires

Central Oka

s. The most

ns.

arval develo

m was condu

RDCO on O

s were collec

anagan Mosq

prevalent n

opment hab

ucted in Oct

October 19th

cted for recy

quito Contro

nuisance spe

itat for WN

tober. Four

and 20th. O

ycling.

ol Program, 2

ecies were A

NV vector m

r drop-off e

Over this tw

2013

Page

Aedes vexan

mosquitoes, a

events were

wo-day

2

ns

a

BWP

1.0

mosq

and r

Histo

staff

comp

contr

Mitig

small

opted

Mitig

contin

year.

larva

are op

lando

moni

sites

thurin

name

2.8%

memb

amph

conce

speci

Ochle

Regiona

P Consulting

0 INTRODU

The Regio

quito control

received gran

orically, work

and summer

pany, BWP C

rol and WNV

In 2012, f

gation progra

l portion of W

d to continue

gation progra

nued unchan

1.1. NUISA

Approxim

e have been

pen to search

owners reque

tored for the

with a larvic

ngiensis var

es Aquabac 2

%) is toxic to

ber. It is vir

hibians, birds

entrations (ty

ies such as ch

Most of th

erotatus. Th

al District of

Inc.

UCTION

onal District

program for

nt funding fo

k on both of

r students res

Consulting In

V prevention

funding was

am. Howeve

West Kelow

e both the nu

am by expan

nged in 2013

ANCE PROGR

mately 191su

identified w

hing for or a

esting treatm

e presence of

cide containi

israelensis

200G (PCP #

aquatic mem

rtually non-t

s, mammals,

ypically 3-10

hironomids.

he typical nu

hese mosquit

Central Oka

t of Central O

r a number o

or a West Ni

f these progr

sponsible fo

nc. (BWP) w

n program.

no longer m

er, the City o

wna and the E

uisance mosq

nding the exi

3, and this re

RAM

urface water

within the 20

adding new s

ment. Sites a

f mosquito l

ing protein c

(Bti). This p

#26863, a.i.

mbers of the

oxic to other

, and other h

0 kg/ha), it h

uisance mosq

toes usually

anagan Mosq

Okanagan (R

of years, and

ile Virus (W

rams has bee

r program d

was contract

made availab

of Kelowna,

East and Wes

quito control

isting mosqu

eport is a sum

sites that are

13 mosquito

sites as new

are visited be

arvae. Whe

crystals prod

product (gen

2.8%) or Ve

Order Dipte

r insect Orde

higher forms

has limited to

quitoes belo

produce a s

quito Contro

RDCO) has o

d since 2004

WNV) preven

en conducted

elivery. How

ted to conduc

le through th

, the District

st Electoral A

l program an

uito control b

mmary of the

e capable of

o control bou

habitat is di

eginning in l

en larvae are

duced by the

nerally mark

ectobac 200G

era, of which

ers, as well a

s of life. Fur

oxicity to ot

ng to the gen

ingle genera

ol Program, 2

operated a n

, RDCO has

ntion program

d in-house, w

wever, in 20

ct the entire

he provincia

t of Lake Co

Areas of the

nd the West

budget. The

e work cond

f producing m

undary. Eac

iscovered or

late-April, an

found, crew

bacterium, B

eted under th

G (PCP #18

h mosquitoes

as fish, repti

rther, when u

ther aquatic D

nera Aedes a

ation of offsp

2013

Page

nuisance

s applied for

m.

with RDCO

011 our

mosquito

al WNV

ountry, a

e RDCO

Nile Virus

e program

ducted this

mosquito

ch year, staff

reported by

nd are

ws treat the

Bacillus

he trade

158, a.i.

s are a

iles,

used at targe

Dipteran

and

pring.

3

f

et

BWP

Fema

of eg

mosq

when

When

for 2

their

area,

Chery

this s

outbr

Glenm

next t

the se

habit

assoc

minim

WNV

transm

gener

lay m

poten

expon

prece

popu

best w

to pro

Regiona

P Consulting

ale nuisance

gs, usually o

quitoes (also

n water level

n uncontrolle

to 6 weeks d

peak in June

This year

Hall Road a

yl Phippen, B

season to ass

reaks. In add

more and La

to Gallagher

eason this ye

at had dried

ciation askin

mal response

1.2. WEST

In additio

V Risk Redu

mitting the v

rational, whe

multiple broo

ntial WNV v

nentially ove

eding genera

lations tend

In additio

we can hope

otect themse

al District of

Inc.

mosquitoes

on moist gro

referred to a

ls rise in the

ed, these mo

depending o

e or early Ju

, the highest

area, Lake C

Burke Phipp

sist the local

dition, a heli

ake Country

rs Golf Cour

ear to search

up by the tim

g for help to

e.

NILE VIRUS

on to the nuis

uction Progra

virus differ f

ereby a fema

ods of eggs o

vector specie

er the course

ation and lay

to peak in b

on, because it

e for is to kee

elves from th

Central Oka

typically tak

ound that is o

as floodwate

spring as a r

osquitoes can

n the specie

ly.

t numbers of

ountry near

pen & Ron L

technicians

icopter was h

areas. Larg

rse, and near

h for larvae.

me that we v

o located stan

S PREVENTI

sance progra

am for the pa

from typical

ale mosquito

on the surfac

es tend to be

e of the summ

s ever-increa

etween late-

t is impossib

ep their num

hese species

anagan Mosq

ke only one

occasionally

er mosquitoe

result of sno

n emerge as

s and the we

f concern cal

Lodge Road

Lampreau, vi

to determine

hired for an

ge potential h

r Glenmore L

In the Quail

visited. We

nding water

ON PROGRA

am described

ast nine year

nuisance sp

o will take m

e of perman

found in low

mer as each

asing numbe

-July and mi

ble to compl

mbers below c

is also impo

quito Contro

blood meal

flooded. Th

es), typically

owmelt or ris

adults in lar

eather. Thes

lls came from

d, and Quail

isited each o

e the source

aerial recon

habitats were

Landfill and

l Ridge area

sent a letter

near the sub

AM

d above, RD

rs. Mosquito

ecies in that

multiple bloo

nent stagnant

wer concentr

subsequent

ers of batche

d-Septembe

etely eradica

critical level

ortant. There

ol Program, 2

and lay only

hese nuisanc

y hatch in hig

sing rivers an

rge swarms t

se species ar

m the Missio

Ridge. Sen

of these areas

s of the nuis

nnaissance of

e explored in

d will be visit

, it appeared

to the Quail

bdivision and

CO has cond

oes capable

t they are mu

d meals in h

t water. In c

rations that g

generation j

es of eggs. T

er.

ate these mo

ls), educatin

efore, in add

2013

Page

y one brood

ce

gh numbers

nd creeks.

that will live

re usually at

on Creek

nior staff,

s repeatedly

sance

f the Mission

n the valley

ted earlier in

d that the

l Ridge strat

d had

ducted a

of

ulti-

her life and

contrast,

grow

joins the

These specie

osquitoes (th

ng the public

dition to the

4

e

n,

n

ta

es

he

c

BWP

larvic

educa

when

reduc

larva

Distr

detec

Crow

in Ne

outbr

the vi

answ

For th

and C

large

conti

(BC)

the O

locall

mosq

and f

equin

WNV

confi

WNV

repor

Regiona

P Consulting

ciding comp

ation compo

Finally, a

never possibl

cing the num

l habitats) in

ict of Lake C

1.3. WHAT

West Nile V

cted in New Y

ws (Corvus b

ew York, res

reak would b

irus to surviv

wered as the v

he next two

Canada, but i

outbreaks in

guous U.S. s

and some o

In August o

Okanagan, sig

ly-acquired h

quito pools.

five birds fro

ne case of W

V in humans

rmed case e

V as of early

Across Can

rted as of ear

al District of

Inc.

onent of the

onent.

mandate of

le. To this e

mbers of old t

n landowners

Country, and

T IS WEST N

Virus (WNV

York City in

rachyrhynch

sulting in sev

be an isolated

ve North Am

virus reappea

years, viral a

in 2002 it ad

n the Canadi

state and in m

f the Maritim

of 2009, the f

gnaling the a

human cases

In 2010, one

om the centra

WNV confirm

, birds, mosq

ach of huma

December, a

nada WNV in

rly Decembe

Central Oka

WNV Risk

f Integrated P

end, we comp

tires (which

s’ yards thro

d the East an

ILE VIRUS, A

V) is a relativ

n the summe

hos). That su

ven human d

d event, and

merica’s win

ared and rap

activity was

dvanced quic

ian prairies.

most of the p

me Province

first human,

arrival of the

s were repor

e person in t

al Okanagan

med in the Ce

quitoes or ho

ans, birds, ho

all in the Ok

nfections are

er 2013 (with

anagan Mosq

Reduction P

Pest Manage

pleted a hab

hold standin

oughout the p

nd West Elec

AND WHY IS

vely new dise

er of 1999, af

ummer, 62 h

deaths. At th

d there were q

nters. The fo

pidly started

confined pr

ckly across t

By 2006, W

provinces of

es).

non-travel-r

e disease in B

rted in BC, a

the central O

n tested posit

entral Okana

orses were id

orses and mo

kanagan.

e down some

h no deaths)

quito Contro

Program, the

ement is to u

bitat modifica

ng water and

participating

ctoral Areas)

S IT A CONCE

ease in Nort

fter the death

human cases

hat time, it w

questions su

ollowing spri

its “migratio

rimarily to th

the continent

WNV was de

f Canada (ex

related, case

BC. By Oct

as well as tw

Okanagan tes

tive for the v

agan in 2011

dentified. In

osquito pool

ewhat over l

, compared w

ol Program, 2

ere is an imp

use non-pesti

ation progra

d can be idea

g areas (City

).

ERN?

th America.

hs of countle

s of WNV w

was unknown

urrounding th

ing, these qu

on” across th

he east coast

t and by 200

etected in ev

xcept British

es of WNV w

tober of 2009

wo horses and

sted positive

virus. There

1. In 2012, n

n 2013, there

ls being infe

last year, wit

with 402 hum

2013

Page

portant

icide control

am aimed at

al mosquito

y of Kelowna

It was first

ess America

were identifie

n if the

he ability of

uestions wer

he continent

t of the U.S.

03 there were

ery

h Columbia

were found i

9, two

d ten

for WNV,

e was one

no cases of

e was one

cted with

th 108 cases

man cases in

5

l

a,

an

ed

f

re

.

e

in

s

n

BWP

2012

(inclu

repor

raven

partic

poten

prima

These

consi

the bi

allow

espec

soon

infect

12 da

bite.

speci

the bi

take n

incre

a new

on sta

mosq

feedin

in mi

Culex

Regiona

P Consulting

. Similarly,

uding 105 de

rted to the CD

1.4. WEST

WNV is pri

ns, jays, and

cular species

ntial vectors,

ary species f

e species pla

idered equall

When a bird

ird. The imm

w the virus to

cially suscep

present in h

ted bird, the

ays later, the

In British C

ies of mosqu

ird populatio

numerous bl

ased probab

w host. Each

agnant water

quitoes grow

ng on an inf

id- to late- A

x pipiens are

al District of

Inc.

in the US, 2

eaths) (CDC

DC by mid-O

NILE VIRUS

imarily a dis

magpies). I

s of mosquito

, as you will

for concern i

ay different r

ly important

d is bitten by

mune system

o replicate si

ptible to the v

igh concentr

y contract th

newly infec

Columbia, as

uito known a

on. This spe

lood meals in

ility of bitin

h time a fem

r. With each

ws exponentia

fected bird an

August, as do

e common in

Central Oka

2,318 cases w

C, 2013), com

October 201

S LIFE CYCL

sease of bird

It is transmit

oes. While a

read later in

in Western C

roles in the t

t.

y an infected

ms of some b

gnificantly.

virus: inside

rations in the

he virus and

cted mosquit

in most of w

as Culex pipi

ecies of mosq

n a summer,

ng an infected

ale feeds, sh

h successive

ally, simulta

nd communi

o the number

n urban settin

anagan Mosq

were reporte

mpared with

12.

LE

s, especially

tted from hos

a number of

n Section 7.0

Canada are C

transmission

d mosquito, t

bird species a

Members o

of these bir

e blood. Wh

become infe

toes are able

western Can

iens is respon

quito feeds a

, so it has a n

d bird and su

he then devel

generation,

aneously incr

icating the v

r of cases of

ngs and will

quito Contro

ed as of Dece

3,969 cases

y those of the

st to host thr

mosquito sp

0 , it is widel

Culex tarsali

n of the virus

the mosquito

are able to fi

of the Corvid

rds, the virus

hen other mo

ected themse

e to transmit

nada and the

nsible for “a

almost exclu

number of op

ubsequently

lops a brood

the number

reasing the c

virus. Popula

f WNV in bo

readily bree

ol Program, 2

ember 3rd of

(and 163 de

e Corvid Fam

rough the bit

pecies are co

ly accepted t

is and Culex

s, but both sh

o injects the

fight the viru

d family, how

s replicates r

osquitoes bit

elves. Appro

the virus wh

United State

amplifying”

usively on bi

pportunities

transmitting

d of eggs and

r of individua

chance of a C

ations of this

oth birds and

ed in commo

2013

Page

f this year

eaths)

mily (crows,

te of

onsidered

that the two

pipiens.

hould be

virus into

us and do not

wever, are

rapidly and i

te the

oximately 9-

hen they nex

es, the

the virus in

irds, and wil

and thus an

g the virus to

d lays them

al

Culex pipien

s insect peak

d humans.

on water-

6

,

t

s

-

xt

ll

n

o

ns

k

BWP

holdi

speci

over

often

speci

blood

can b

BC C

that m

RDC

transl

the ea

ampl

to hu

from

indiv

feedin

of inf

WNV

menin

Regiona

P Consulting

ing container

ies can also b

Once the vi

into other ho

n implicated

ies of mosqu

d meals. Som

be produced

Center for Di

many areas o

O fall in an

lates into a p

arly summer

ification of t

mans. What

bird hosts a

vidual of this

ng – transmi

In human

fections, hum

V can cause i

ngioencepha

al District of

Inc.

rs such as bi

breed in exce

irus has incre

osts increase

in this bridg

uito also has

me recent Ca

in a summer

isease Contr

of the Okana

annual degre

potential for

r, Culex tars

the virus, an

t is different

as well as ma

species take

it the virus to

s, the virus r

mans can exp

inflammatio

alitis), which

Central Oka

ird-baths, old

eptionally la

eased, or am

es. A second

ging of the vi

multiple gen

anadian stud

r is related to

ol has produ

agan, Thomp

ee-day range

5-7 generati

alis plays a

d later in the

t about this s

ammal hosts

es a meal fro

o a human, h

rarely causes

perience flu-

on of the brai

h can occasio

anagan Mosq

d tires, eaves

arge number

mplified, in th

d species of m

irus from bir

nerations eac

dies suggest

o the numbe

uced a “degre

pson-Nicola

e of 650-750

ions (or mor

significant r

e summer be

species is its

, especially l

om an infect

horse, or oth

s serious illn

-like sympto

in and/or spi

onally result

quito Contro

s troughs, wh

rs in urban ca

he bird popu

mosquito, C

rd population

ch summer a

that the num

r of degree-d

ee-day” map

and Fraser v

0 degree-day

re) of Culex

role alongsid

ecomes a sig

willingness

later in the s

ed bird, it m

her non-avian

ness; howeve

oms. In less

inal cord (a c

t in death.

ol Program, 2

heelbarrows

atch basins.

ulations, the

Culex tarsalis

ns to mamm

and takes nu

mber of gene

days above

p of BC and

valleys inclu

ys (Figure 1)

tarsalis per

de Culex pipi

gnificant vec

s to take bloo

summer. Th

may – during

n host.

er, in approx

than 1% of

condition ca

2013

Page

s, etc. This

risk of spill-

s, is most

mals. This

umerous

erations that

14.3°C. The

has found

uding the

). This

summer. In

iens in the

ctor of WNV

od meals

herefore, if an

a subsequen

ximately 20%

human case

alled

7

-

V

n

nt

%

s,

BWP

Figur

Regiona

P Consulting

re 1. Base 1

al District of

Inc.

4.3°C degre

Central Oka

ee-day map

anagan Mosq

for BC, 201

quito Contro

13 (from BC

ol Program, 2

CCDC, 2013

2013

Page

3)

8

BWP

have

that y

magp

traps

prese

and 1

separ

2013

WNV

virus

positi

“stay

Auth

the m

huma

mosq

not su

infect

2.0

durin

water

water

in a w

the ba

geogr

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1.5. SURVE

The British

been anticip

year, the prov

pies) for the

to attract an

ence of the v

1,999,444 mo

rated and tes

).

In late Augu

V was discov

. In 2010, n

ive birds and

y ahead” of th

ority in the N

mosquitoes co

ans, birds or

quito surveill

upported in a

In 2013, the

ted with WN

ENVIRON

Mosquito

ng their life c

r or on moist

r to mature a

wide range o

asis of suitab

raphy of the

al District of

Inc.

EILLANCE IN

Columbia C

pating cases

vince began

presence of

nd collect mo

irus. In the

osquitoes we

ted as well a

ust 2009, the

vered, along

no mosquito p

d one confirm

he virus, a n

North Okana

ollected in th

horses teste

lance activit

any areas of

ere was one

NV, all of wh

NMENTAL F

es are simila

cycle: egg, fo

t soil, and th

and pupate.

of environme

ble larval ha

RDCO is no

Central Oka

N BRITISH C

Centre for Di

of WNV in

collecting a

WNV. They

osquitoes wh

last ten year

ere trapped.

as many batc

e first human

with a numb

pools tested

med human

umber of tra

agan, includi

hese traps te

d positive fo

ies were sign

f the IHA.

case each of

hich occurre

FACTORS

ar to most ot

our larval in

he larvae req

As adult mo

ents, mosqui

abitat. Unlik

ot dominated

anagan Mosq

OLUMBIA

isease Contr

British Colu

and testing co

y also began

hich were the

rs, 6,640 cor

All of the C

ches of fema

n case of loc

ber of mosqu

positive for

case of WNV

aps were dep

ing the City

ested positive

or the virus a

nificantly re

f a human, h

ed in the Oka

ther flies in t

stars, pupa,

quire stagnan

osquitoes are

to populatio

ke other area

d by a river v

quito Contro

rol (BCCDC

umbia since t

orvids (crow

n using CDC

en ground up

rvids have be

Culex female

ales from oth

cally-acquire

uito pools al

r the virus, b

NV in BC. In

ployed by the

of Salmon A

e for the viru

although it sh

educed and c

horse, bird, a

anagan.

that they pas

and adult. T

nt, relatively

e generally h

ons are gener

as of the sout

valley that is

ol Program, 2

C) and health

the summer

ws, jays, rave

C light traps

up and tested

een collected

e mosquitoes

her genera (B

ed (non-trave

lso found to

ut there wer

n 2011, in an

e Interior He

Arm. Howe

us in 2012. A

hould be not

corvid collec

and mosquito

ss through se

Their eggs ar

low-oxygen

hardy and ab

rally restricte

thern interio

s subject to f

2013

Page

h authorities

of 2003. In

ens, and

and gravid

d for the

d and tested,

s were

BCCDC,

el-related)

contain the

re five

n effort to

ealth

ver, none of

As well, no

ted that

ctions were

o pool

even stages

re laid in

n standing

ble to survive

ed only on

r of BC, the

flooding, bu

9

n

,

f

e

ut

BWP

rather

devel

speci

to hat

water

norm

larva

the pr

flood

2

equiv

the ab

does

gener

antifr

conve

Envir

determ

the M

levels

Snow

was s

Regiona

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r the large la

lopment site

ies (when me

tch) and WN

r. Low-lying

m, as relativel

l developme

redominant

ds.

.1. SNOW P

Snow pac

valent, or we

bsolute volu

not take into

rally measur

reeze. A pre

erts this valu

ronment ope

mine the sno

Mission Cree

Snow pac

s, gradually

wpack contin

still somewh

al District of

Inc.

akes of the O

s are perman

elting snow r

NV vector sp

g areas along

ly large area

ent habitat. S

factors affec

PACK

ck describes

eight, rather t

ume of snow

o considerati

red using sno

essure sensor

ue to a volum

erates a numb

ow-pack in k

k watershed

ck at Mission

increasing to

nued to incre

hat higher tha

Central Oka

Okanagan dra

nent and sem

raises water

pecies capab

g Mission C

as are flooded

Snow pack,

cting both sn

the volume

than depth.

that has acc

ion variation

ow pillows w

r records the

me in millim

ber of these

key watershe

d at 1,794m e

n Creek bega

o approxima

ease until ear

an those seen

anagan Mosq

ainage. The

mi-permanen

levels in the

le of laying

reek are one

d in high wa

coupled with

now-melt poo

of snow in a

This provid

cumulated at

ns in snow de

which are lar

e weight of s

meters of wat

snow pillow

eds. One of

elevation (St

an the year a

ately 130% o

rly May, and

n in 2012, an

quito Contro

erefore, many

nt ponds that

e spring, cau

their eggs on

e significant

ater years, pr

h temperatur

ols and rates

a given area

des an object

t a site, since

ensity. Wat

rge plastic ba

snow on top

er. The B.C

ws throughou

these station

tation 2F05P

at approxima

of average by

d while lowe

nd considera

ol Program, 2

y of the larv

t produce bo

using the nui

n the surface

departure fr

roducing sig

re and precip

s and heights

based on its

tive means o

e measuring

ter equivalen

ags containi

of the snow

C. Ministry o

ut the provin

ns is located

P).

ately 110% o

y early May

er than that s

ably higher t

2013

Page 1

val

oth nuisance

isance eggs

e of the

rom this

gnificant

pitation, are

s of creek

s water

of measuring

depth alone

nts are

ng

pillow, and

of

nce to

d at the top o

of average

y (Figure 2).

seen in 2011,

than average

10

g

f

,

e.

BWP

Figur

exten

there

temp

precip

As w

typic

speed

flood

Regiona

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re 2. Snow compa2013).

2.2. TEMPE

While the

nt, the total d

fore the timi

erature and p

pitation can

well, rain falli

ally runs ove

ds snow melt

ding. In 2013

al District of

Inc.

pack at Miared with re.

ERATURE AN

e overall volu

discharge car

ing and mag

precipitation

result in rap

ing on snow

er the surfac

t. This can r

3, high temp

Central Oka

ssion Creekecent years

ND PRECIPIT

ume of snow

rried through

gnitude of pe

n. Warmer th

pid snow me

w is not absor

ce of the snow

result in extr

peratures in e

anagan Mosq

k (Ministry oand histori

TATION

w (described

h the watersh

eaks in river

han average

lt, and conse

rbed into the

w and is disc

remely rapid

early May (F

quito Contro

of FLNRO ical max, mi

by snow pa

hed, the timi

flow) are str

e temperature

equently, rap

e ground, wh

charged into

d rises in wat

Figure 3) res

ol Program, 2

Site 2F05P)in and aver

ack) dictates,

ing of the m

rongly influe

es or large am

pid rises in r

hich acts as a

o tributaries,

ter level and

sulted in a ra

2013

Page 1

) in 2013, age (1969-

, to a large

melt (and

enced by air

mounts of

river levels.

a buffer, but

and also

d significant

apid rise in

11

BWP

water

4), re

event

disch

maxim

with

than a

Missi

comp

Figur

Regiona

P Consulting

r levels in M

esulted in a n

ts in June we

harge in Miss

mum instant

the instantan

any year sin

ion Creek (W

pared with fl

re 3. MinimEnvir

al District of

Inc.

Mission Creek

number of ra

ere in large p

sion Creek in

taneous peak

neous peak,

ce 1997 (Fig

WSC Hydrom

lows from pr

mum and mronment Ca

Central Oka

k and above

apid rises and

part responsi

n the last 17

k in 2012. Th

which is me

gure 5. Aver

metric Statio

revious high

aximum daanada weath

anagan Mosq

average rain

d falls in the

ible for the h

years (Tabl

he maximum

easured every

rage daily di

on #08NM11

h-water years

ily temperaher station K

quito Contro

nfall through

e hydrograph

highest maxi

le 1), conside

m average da

y five minut

ischarge for

16) near Eas

s.).

atures (°C) mKelowna (11

ol Program, 2

hout the spri

h (Figure 5).

imum instan

erably highe

aily discharg

tes) was high

2013 measu

st Kelowna, B

measured a123939).

2013

Page 1

ing (Figure

These rain

ntaneous

er than the

ge (compared

her in 2013

ured on

BC,

t

12

d

BWP

Figur

2

accor

2013

1997

meas

levels

maxim

fell q

occur

1997

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re 4. Daily Kelow

.3. FLOW L

Flow leve

rding to temp

(Figure 5).

Table 1 sh

and 2013. T

ured in the p

s (Figure 5).

mum instant

quickly result

rred, since w

.

al District of

Inc.

precipitatiowna (112393

EVELS

els in Missio

perature and

hows the ma

The maximu

past 17 years

This is due

taneous disc

ted in a lowe

water levels r

Central Oka

on measured39).

on Creek clim

d precipitatio

aximum insta

um instantan

s, but daily a

e to the rapid

charge was h

er overall da

remained at a

anagan Mosq

d at Environ

mbed rapidly

on until risin

antaneous di

neous peak fl

average flow

d rise and fal

higher in 201

aily average

a relatively h

quito Contro

nment Cana

y in early Ma

ng to the annu

ischarge for

low in 2013

ws remained

ll of water le

13, the fact th

on the day w

high level fo

ol Program, 2

ada weathe

ay and fluctu

ual peak on

Mission Cre

was higher

slightly belo

evels in 2013

hat water lev

when the ma

or a longer p

2013

Page 1

r station

uated

June 20,

eek between

than that

ow the 1997

3– while the

vels rose and

aximum flow

period in

13

n

e

d

w

BWP

Figur

Regiona

P Consulting

re 5. AveraHydrometrfrom previ

al District of

Inc.

age daily disric Station #ious high-wa

Central Oka

scharge for #08NM116)ater years.

anagan Mosq

2013 measu near East K

quito Contro

ured on MisKelowna, B

ol Program, 2

ssion Creek BC, compare

2013

Page 1

(WSC ed with flow

14

ws

BWP

T

3

of lar

must

used

larva

treatm

summ

using

catch

a buc

Regiona

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Table 1. SumEast K

Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

.0 LARVA

3.1. LARVA

Beginning

rvae. Under

first be sam

to sample w

e captured in

ment were co

mary of all m

Catch basin

g an aquarium

h basin grates

cket with cle

al District of

Inc.

mmary of mKelowna bet

Maximum IDischa

9566464568474569

1

AL MOSQUI

AL SURVEIL

in early May

provincial l

mpled to conf

water from va

n the dipper

onducted wi

monitoring an

ns throughou

m net attache

s and swishe

an water to c

Central Oka

maximum intween 1997

Instantaneouarge (m3/s) 97.6 52.8 65.7 65.5 46.2 66.5 46.4 58.5 67.1 87.8 47.6 76.1 41.6 52.9 65.8 93.2 14.8

ITO SURVE

LLANCE

y, larval dev

legislation, a

firm the pres

arious locatio

were counte

th permissio

nd treatment

ut the City of

ed to a piece

ed in a figure

check for lar

anagan Mosq

nstantaneouand 2013.

us Date

EILLANCE A

velopment sit

all water that

sence of larv

ons around p

ed and record

on of the app

t data is prov

f Kelowna an

e of doweling

e-eight patte

rvae.

quito Contro

s discharge

e when maxioccurredMay 31 May 01 Jun 24 Jun 15 Jun 02 May 22 Jun 14 Jun 06 May 16 Jun 15 Jun 05 May 26 May 31 Jun 22 Jun 08 Jun 10 Jun 20

AND TREA

tes were mo

t is to be trea

vae. A 350 m

potential site

ded. When

propriate lan

vided in App

nd Lake Cou

g. The net w

ern for 20 sec

ol Program, 2

for Mission

imum

ATMENT

nitored for t

ated for mos

ml mosquito

es and the nu

larvae were

downer or a

pendix B.

untry were m

was lowered

conds and th

2013

Page 1

n Creek nea

the presence

squito contro

dipper was

umber of

present,

agency. A

monitored

d through the

hen rinsed in

15

ar

ol

e

n

BWP

and a

to tre

of the

mosq

and e

granu

the su

200G

the ti

of sur

appli

this y

habit

activi

Tabl

Regiona

P Consulting

3.2. LARVI

3.2.1. S

The RDC

all mosquito

Vectobac

eat surface w

e bacteria Ba

quito larvae.

even other in

ular product

urface of mo

G has no resid

me of applic

rface water c

ed in 2012 a

year, and freq

at in the Mis

ities occurre

e 2. Summathe RD

al District of

Inc.

ICIDING ACT

urface wate

CO has a Pest

control activ

200G (PCP

water sites in

acillus thurin

When appli

nsects and in

that is formu

osquito larva

dual action a

cation. A tot

containing m

and 489.01 k

quently peak

ssion area. T

ed.

ary of surfaDCO in 201

Area

Airport Downtown Gallagher’s Glenmore Mission Rutland Winfield/Oya

Total

Central Oka

TIVITIES

er monitorin

t Manageme

vities were c

#18158) wa

the RDCO t

ngiensis var

ied accordin

vertebrates t

ulated on gro

al developme

and will only

tal of 507.16

mosquito larv

kg in 2011. W

ked and fell,

The Mission

ace water la13, by area.

ama

anagan Mosq

ng and larv

ent Plan (Con

conducted un

as the biolog

this summer

israelensis.

ng to the labe

that ingest th

ound corn co

ent habitat by

y kill the larv

6 kg of Vect

vae this year

Water levels

resulting in

n area was wh

rviciding co

Amount olarvicide (k

10.5410.6022.55131.43280.4523.5628.03

507.16

quito Contro

viciding

nfirmation N

nder this pla

gical larvicid

r. This produ

Vectobac 2

el, amphibia

he product ar

ob so it can b

y hand or by

vae that are

obac 200G w

r (Table 2), c

s in Mission

n significant

here the maj

onducted in

of kg)

Area (h

113174133

72

ol Program, 2

Number142-

an.

ding agent th

uct contains

200G is high

ans, fish, bird

re unharmed

be easily dis

y helicopter.

present in th

was applied

compared w

Creek were

larval develo

jority of larv

n participati

treated ha)

1.48 1.46 3.06 7.67 1.35 3.27 3.91

2.20

2013

Page 1

0027-11/16)

hat was used

metabolites

hly specific t

d, mammals

d. It is a

stributed ont

Vectobac

he water at

to 72.20 ha

ith 488.89 k

very high

opment

viciding

ing areas of

16

),

d

s

to

to

kg

f

BWP

treat

single

pellet

Bacil

bacte

The b

non-t

larva

and it

can c

contr

larvic

mosq

mosq

allow

is pre

die in

Peach

well a

treate

and a

with

Catch

10,20

Regiona

P Consulting

3.2.2. C

VectoLex

catch basins

e pouch is dr

ts and they a

llus sphaeric

eria is similar

benefits of B

toxic to non-

e. This prod

t has the add

control multi

rolling Culex

cide that con

quito growth

quitoes, juven

ws the mosqu

esent in the w

n their pupal

In 2011, c

hland, while

as a small po

ed. Between

a portion of W

38.0 kg of la

h basins wer

05 catch basi

al District of

Inc.

Catch basin

x WSP (PCP

s in the RDC

ropped into

are applied a

cus is the act

r to Bti in th

Bacillus spha

-target organ

duct works b

ded benefit o

iple generatio

x pipiens in c

ntains the act

regulator th

nile growth

uito to develo

water, pupae

stage.

catch basins

in 2012 and

ortion of We

n June 22nd a

West Kelow

arvicide) or A

re treated a s

ins were trea

Central Oka

larviciding

#28009) an

CO. VectoLe

each catch b

at a rate of 7g

tive ingredie

hat it produce

aericus are a

nisms while b

better than B

of maintainin

ons of larvae

catch basins.

tive ingredie

hat mimics m

hormone pro

op into an ad

e are unable a

were treated

d 2013, only

est Kelowna

and June 25th

na were trea

Altosid (4,3

econd time b

ated with 102

anagan Mosq

nd Altosid Pe

ex WSP is fo

basin. Altosi

g per basin w

ent in VectoL

es toxins tha

lso similar to

being very e

ti when appl

ng its effectiv

e with a sing

. Altosid Pe

ent methopre

mosquito juv

oduction cea

dult while in

able to deve

d in Lake Co

catch basins

that is part oh, 8,164 catc

ated with Ve

64 catch bas

between Aug

2.05 kg of V

quito Contro

ellets (PCP #

ormulated in

id Pellets are

which is app

Lex WSP. T

at attack the g

o those of B

effective and

lied to highly

veness for u

gle applicatio

ellets is the tr

ene (4.25% a

venile growth

ases when a

n its pupal st

elop into adu

ountry, Kelo

s in Lake Co

of the nuisan

ch basins in L

ectoLex WSP

sins with 30.

gust 3rd and

VectoLex WS

ol Program, 2

#21809) wer

n 10g pouche

e black char

proximately o

The mode of

gut of mosqu

Bti in that it is

d specific to

y organic lar

up to 28 days

on, as is des

rade name o

a.i.). Methop

h hormone.

mosquito pu

tage. When

ults and the m

wna, West K

ountry and K

nce program

Lake Countr

P (3,800 catc

.55 kg of larv

6th, when a

SP.

2013

Page 1

re used to

es and a

rcoal-looking

one teaspoon

f action of th

uito larvae.

s virtually

mosquito

rval habitats

s and thus

irable when

of a mosquito

prene is a

In

upates. This

methoprene

mosquitoes

Kelowna, an

Kelowna (as

m) were

ry, Kelowna

ch basins

vicide).

total of

17

g

n.

he

s

o

s

nd

BWP

Figur

Figur

Regiona

P Consulting

re 6. VectoLcatch

re 7. Altosidlarvae

al District of

Inc.

Lex WSP, 1basin.

d Pellets appe.

Central Oka

0g water so

plied at 7 gr

anagan Mosq

oluble pouch

rams per ca

quito Contro

h for larval

atch basin fo

ol Program, 2

mosquito co

or control o

2013

Page 1

ontrol in

of mosquito

18

BWP

4

pipie

educa

water

vecto

for th

irriga

ideal

free t

a num

sched

Colle

Coun

cost o

progr

tires w

2011

Adve

the K

Adve

releas

Glenm

Scho

numb

drop-

the re

regar

Regiona

P Consulting

.0 TIRE C

As mentio

ns, typically

ational progr

r on their pro

or numbers.

hem to dump

ation, and thi

rearing habi

In order to

tire pick-up/d

mber of even

duled for pic

ection servic

ntry and the W

of the servic

ram was incl

were picked

).

Bruce Sm

ertisements o

Kelowna Cou

ertising was

se to promot

The drop-

more Eleme

ol in Kelown

bers of tires c

-off program

esponse leve

rding the pro

al District of

Inc.

COLLECTIO

oned in Sect

y rears in sma

ram is to edu

operty, to mi

However, o

p out are old

is water is ty

itat for mosq

o reduce this

drop-off recy

nts at various

ck-ups for th

e was availa

West and Ea

e. In 2013,

luded due to

d up or dropp

mith arranged

of the event d

urier, Kelown

also purchas

te the progra

-off events w

ntary Schoo

na and Geor

collected at

m was consid

els seen in 20

ogram while

Central Oka

ON PROGRA

tion 8.4.1, on

all container

ucate people

inimize larva

ne common

tires. These

ypically fille

quito larvae.

s problem, fo

ycling progr

s locations th

ose individu

able to reside

ast Electoral

four drop-of

decreased r

ped off in 20

d the advertis

dates and ca

na Capital N

sed on Casta

am.

were October

l in Kelown

rge Elliot Mi

the four drop

derably highe

011. Reside

dropping of

anagan Mosq

AM

ne of the mai

rs in urban o

e to remove o

al developm

site on man

e accumulate

d with organ

or the past fe

ram, whereb

hroughout th

uals unable to

ents of the C

Areas as the

ff events wer

response in 2

12, compare

sing of the ti

all numbers t

News, and th

anet. In addi

r 19th at Oka

a and Octob

iddle School

p-off events

er this year c

nts made a n

ff tires.

quito Contro

in WNV vec

or semi-urban

or replace on

ment habitats

ny people’s p

e water from

nic material,

few years the

y tires could

he RDCO, or

o attend the

City of Kelow

ese were the

re scheduled

2012 compar

ed with 8,39

ire collection

to schedule a

he New View

ition, Bruce

anagan Colle

ber 20th at Ca

l in Lake Co

is given in T

compared wi

number of ve

ol Program, 2

ctor species,

n areas. Par

n a weekly b

and reduce

property that

m precipitatio

, resulting in

e RDCO has

d be dropped

r appointme

drop-off eve

wna, District

e areas contri

d, and no pic

red with 201

2 tires collec

n program th

a pick up we

w in Lake Co

Smith issued

ege (Figure 8

asorso Eleme

ountry. A su

Table 3. Re

ith 2012, and

ery positive

2013

Page 1

Culex

rt of our

basis standin

overall

t is difficult

on or

n a warm and

offered a

d off at one o

nts could be

ents.

t of Lake

ibuting to th

ck-up

11 (1,456

cted in

his fall.

ere placed in

ountry.

d a media

8) and North

entary

ummary of th

esponse to th

d similar to

comments

19

ng

d

of

e

he

n

h

he

he

BWP

Figur

Regiona

P Consulting

re 8. West NColleg

al District of

Inc.

Nile Virus Rge, October

Central Oka

Risk Reduct19th, 2013.

anagan Mosq

tion Tire Co.

quito Contro

ollection Eve

ol Program, 2

ent at Okan

2013

Page 2

nagan

20

BWP

Tabl

5.0

speci

peopl

WNV

at a ti

them

virus

inclu

long

mosq

reduc

inform

adver

educa

Regiona

P Consulting

e 3. Summa

PUBLIC ED

As mentio

ies responsib

le are made

V vector spec

ime when pe

selves from

by remindin

de: using ins

sleeved cloth

quitoes are m

cing larval d

mation to th

rtisements, s

ational poste

al District of

Inc.

ary of tires

Location

Okanagan C

Non‐rimm

Rimmed

North Glen

Non‐rimm

Rimmed

Non‐rimm

Rimmed

Casorso Dr

Non‐rimm

Rimmed

Lake Count

Non‐rimm

Rimmed

Non‐rimm

Rimmed

Total:

DUCATION

oned in Sect

ble for the tra

aware of the

cies populati

eople have o

mosquito bi

ng them to u

sect repellen

hing; avoidi

most active);

evelopment

e public, we

staffing infor

er boards and

Central Oka

collected fo

College Drop

med

nmore Drop o

med

med tractor t

tractor traile

op off event

med

try Drop off e

med

med tractor t

tractor traile

N

tion 1.2. it is

ansmission o

e potential ri

ions tend to

often lowered

ites. We can

use simply pr

nts such as th

ng outdoor a

ensuring tha

habitats arou

e used a num

rmational bo

d brochures.

anagan Mosq

or recycling

off event

off event

railer tires

r tires

vent

railer tires

r tires

not possible

of WNV. Fo

sks, and taug

peak betwee

d their guard

n reduce the

recautions fo

hose contain

activities dur

at screens on

und their ho

mber of strate

ooths at publ

quito Contro

at the drop

Numberof Tires

705

166

154

36

15

6

307

140

497

147

23

12

2,208

e to eradicat

or this reason

ght methods

en mid-Augu

d with respec

risk of indiv

or avoiding m

ning DEET; w

ring dawn an

n windows d

ouseholds. In

egies, includ

lic events, an

ol Program, 2

p-off events

r s

te the vector

n, it is impor

s to reduce th

ust and mid-

ct to protecti

viduals contr

mosquito bit

wearing ligh

nd dusk (wh

don’t have ho

n order to co

ding radio, an

nd developin

2013

Page 2

in 2013.

mosquito

rtant that

hese risks.

-September,

ing

racting the

tes. These

ht-coloured,

hen these

oles; and

onvey this

nd internet

ng

21

BWP

for R

Ads w

Powe

Publi

Okan

Casta

Tire C

medi

activi

news

the co

WNV

Educ

banne

Litera

WNV

inform

horse

bug t

Regiona

P Consulting

5.1. RADIO

In 2013, Br

RDCO purcha

were placed

er 104 and Q

ic Service An

nagan TV an

anet and in th

Collection lo

In addition

a releases an

ities and as a

papers, and

omponents o

V.

5.2. PUBLI

During th

ation Booth

ers, live larv

ature includi

V pamphlet “

mation sheet

es were made

attoo, sticke

al District of

Inc.

O AND INTER

ruce Smith, C

ased and ove

on Castanet

Q 103.1. Thi

nnouncemen

nd 16 cable S

he Capital N

ocations in K

to the adver

nd Public Se

a result BWP

Global telev

of the mosqu

IC OUTREAC

he summer, o

at eight eve

vae were disp

ing the broch

“Put the Bite

t concerning

e available th

ers and toy bu

Central Oka

RNET ADS

Communicat

ersaw the RD

t.net as well

is summer, th

nt campaign

Specialty Ch

News and Lak

Kelowna and

rtising, the R

ervice Annou

P staff were

vision. In all

uito control p

CH

our staff mem

ents (Table 4

played, and a

hure develop

e on West Ni

g DEET, and

he booth. T

ugs for the c

anagan Mosq

tions and Int

DCO Mosqu

as radio stat

he RDCO al

with more t

annels. Adv

ke Country C

d Lake Coun

Regional Dist

uncements ab

interviewed

l cases, infor

program as w

mbers set up

4, Figure 9).

adult mosqu

ped for RDC

ile Virus”, a

d numerous h

To help attrac

children.

quito Contro

tergovernme

uito Control

tions AM 11

lso funded a

than 1,800 ai

vertising was

Calendar to

ntry.

trict also pro

bout the pro

d by CBC Ra

rmation was

well tips for

p and tended

Along with

uitoes were a

CO, the Inter

a Health Can

handouts des

ct the public

ol Program, 2

ental Affairs

advertising

50, EZ Rock

two month

irings on SH

s also purcha

promote the

oduced a num

ogram and its

adio, many lo

s presented c

reducing the

a West Nile

h the informa

available for

rior Health A

nada pamphl

scribing the

, we offered

2013

Page 2

s Coordinato

campaign.

k 101.5,

summer

HAW Centra

ased on

e fall free

mber of

s various

ocal

concerning

e risk of

e Virus

ational

viewing.

Authority

et, an

WNV in

d candy and a

22

or

al

a

BWP

Tabl

DatMonSunWedFridaSatuWedSat,

Sun

Figur

6.0

prese

transm

size o

Regiona

P Consulting

e 4. Summa2013.

e nday, Jul 1 , Jul 14

ds, Jul 17 ay, Jul 19 urday Jul 20ds, Aug 7 Aug 10

, Sept 22

re 9. Booth

ADULT M

Adult mo

ent and their

mitting WNV

of their popu

al District of

Inc.

ary of educa

FaFa

0 CaFa

Kelo

Kokan

and public

OSQUITO S

squitoes wer

relative num

V, it is impo

ulations when

Central Oka

ational even

Event Canada DayFintry Fair

armer’s Mararmer’s Marnada Parks armer’s Marowna Block

ee Salmon

outreach at

SURVEILLA

re trapped in

mbers. Since

ortant to kno

n determinin

anagan Mosq

nts attended

y r ket ket Day ket Party

Festival

t the Kelow

ANCE

n the RDCO

e only a few

w which spe

ng a level of

quito Contro

d by BWP st

LWaterfro

Fintry Dilwo

Swalwell PBertram

DilwoDownt

Mission C

na Block Pa

to determin

mosquito sp

ecies are pre

f risk for an a

ol Program, 2

taff in the R

Location nt Park, KelProvincial P

orth, KelownPark, Lake Cm Park, Keloorth, Kelowntown Kelow

Crk RegionalKelowna

arty, Augus

ne which spe

pecies are ca

esent in an ar

area. Also, s

2013

Page 2

RDCO in

lowna Park na Country owna na na Park,

st 10th, 2013

cies were

apable of

rea, and the

since some

23

.

BWP

speci

popu

mosq

(Figu

trap f

(when

were

fan, t

a bev

powe

contr

collec

Traps

Samp

conte

8).

Regiona

P Consulting

ies can pose

lations of nu

quito control

6.1. METH

Adult mo

ure 10). The

for up to 24 h

n mosquitoe

switched on

they are “suc

verage cooler

erful mosqui

Four trapp

rol program,

cted in Winf

s were initia

pling was co

ents were shi

al District of

Inc.

a significant

uisance mosq

portion of th

HOD OF ADUL

squitoes wer

CDC traps

hours. The t

es are most a

n. Mosquito

cked” into a

r adjacent to

to attractant

ping location

in Winfield

field and Oy

lly set on Ju

nducted on a

ipped to Kam

Central Oka

t nuisance pr

quitoes as an

he project.

LT SURVEIL

re captured w

are operated

traps are equ

active). At d

es are attrac

collecting ja

o the trap. D

that brings m

ns were sele

, Glenmore,

yama and nin

une 10th or Ju

a weekly bas

mloops for id

anagan Mosq

roblem, it is

n assessment

LANCE

with the use

d with a 6V,

uipped with

dusk, a fluore

ted to the lig

ar. In additio

Dry ice sublim

mosquitoes

cted within t

Mission and

ne were colle

une 13nd and

sis between

dentification

quito Contro

important to

t of the effec

of CDC bla

12 Amp hou

a photocell t

escent black

ght and, whe

on to the ligh

mates into ca

near the coll

the boundari

d Oyama. T

ected in Glen

samples col

June 12th an

n to species l

ol Program, 2

o monitor th

ctiveness of

ack-light mo

ur battery wh

to detect daw

k-light and a

en they come

ht, dry ice w

arbon dioxid

lecting fan.

ies of the mo

Ten sets of sa

nmore and M

llected the fo

nd August 30

level (Table

2013

Page 2

he

the nuisance

squito traps

hich runs the

wn and dusk

small fan

e near the

was placed in

de, a

osquito

amples were

Mission.

ollowing day

0th. Trap

5 to Table

24

e

e

k

n

e

y.

BWP

condu

speci

impo

the si

prima

Ochle

of the

Regiona

P Consulting

Figu

6.2. RESUL

The follow

ucted in the

ies captured

rtant vectors

ites, and the

ary nuisance

erotatus incr

e other traps

al District of

Inc.

ure 10. CD

LTS OF ADUL

wing Section

RDCO in 20

from all six

s of WNV, C

primary vec

e species cap

repitus. The

(approxima

Central Oka

DC mosquito

LT MOSQUIT

ns include th

013. There w

of British C

Culex pipiens

ctor (Culex ta

ptured were A

e trap at Win

ately 31% of

anagan Mosq

o black-light

TO SURVEIL

he results of

were total of

Columbia’s m

s and Culex

arsalis) was

Aedes vexan

nfield caught

f all mosquito

quito Contro

t trap.

LLANCE

all adult mo

f 4,858 spec

mosquito gen

tarsalis, we

s most numer

ns, Coquillett

t slightly mo

oes captured

ol Program, 2

osquito surve

imens repres

nera. The tw

ere both capt

rous in Glen

tidia perturb

ore mosquito

d).

2013

Page 2

eillance

senting 22

wo most

tured all of

nmore. The

bans, and

oes than any

25

BWP

mosq

from

speci

speci

Tabl

Species

Aedes cinereAedes vexanAnopheles eAnopheles frAnopheles pCoquillettidiaCulex pipienCulex tarsaliCuliseta inciCuliseta inorOchlerotatusOchlerotatusOchlerotatusOchlerotatusOchlerotatusMosquito unOchlerotatusTotal NumbNo of males (ou

**

Regiona

P Consulting

6.2.1. A

The first l

quitoes from

ten species

ies Aedes vex

ies, Culex tar

e 5. Numbetrap in

eus ns earlei reeborni punctipennis a perturbans ns is dens rnata s canadensis s communis s increpitus s spencerii vas sticticus identifiable*

s male unidenber Captured ut of total above)

*Specimen too d**Ochlerotatus m

al District of

Inc.

Adult mosqu

light-trap wa

15 species w

captured in 2

xans and Co

rsalis and C

ers of adult n Winfield.

ar idahoensis

ntified**

damaged to be idmales can be diff

Central Oka

uito trappin

as located in

were capture

2012. The m

quillettidia p

Culex pipiens

mosquitoes

Jun 14

Jun222

71 381

1 1

15 7

12

4 8

31 35

15 42 15 145 99

3 3

dentified fficult to identify

anagan Mosq

ng in Winfie

n Winfield. O

ed, up consid

most commo

perturbans.

s, were prese

s captured e

n 2

Jul 05

Jul10

7 28 57

4

425 26 22 3

13

5 8 7

7 32

9 499 78 2

y

quito Contro

eld

Over the cou

derably from

on species pr

Both of the

ent in modera

each week in

Date (2013l Jul

12 Jul 19

6 4 223 89

16 5 10 5 2 3 2 15 14 30 112 4 3 2 5

326 125 8

ol Program, 2

urse of 10 we

m the 426 mo

resent were t

e primary WN

ate numbers

n a CDC bla

3) Jul 26

Aug 07

2 4 60 28

1 5 19 11 12

5 1

1 1

2

86 66 1

2013

Page 2

eeks, 1,529

osquitoes

the nuisance

NV vector

s.

ack-light

Aug 16

Aug22

28 21

1

6 113 31 1 1

7 32 1748 572 19

26

e

g

Total

27 615 5 1 2

426 89 81 7 6 34 17 124 2 26 31 36

1,52938

BWP

nine w

from

prima

caugh

numb

Tabl

Species

Aedes cineAedes vexaAnophelesAnophelesCoquillettidCulex pipieCulex tarsaCuliseta inCuliseta inCuliseta mOchlerotatuOchlerotatuOchlerotatuOchlerotatuOchlerotatuMosquito uOchlerotatuunidentifiedTotal NumNo of males (

**

Regiona

P Consulting

6.2.2. A

A second

weeks. Ove

the 621 mos

ary WNV ve

ht), followed

bers.

e 6. Numbetrap a

ereus ans freeborni punctipennis

dia perturbansens alis cidens ornata orsitans us campestrisus canadensius dorsalis us increpitus us sticticus

unidentifiable*us male d**

mber Captureout of total abov


al District of

Inc.

Adult mosqu

light trap w

er that time p

squitoes cap

ector species

d by a numbe

ers of adult at the landfi

Jun 14

s s

s is

3 *

ed 3

e)

damaged to be idmales can be dif

Central Oka

uito trappin

as located at

period, 1,084

tured in 201

s Culex tarsa

er of nuisanc

mosquitoesill in Glenm

Jun 22

Ju054

116

21 12

1 19

2

2 3

4 331 461 7

9

12 2513 18


anagan Mosq

ng in Glenm

t the landfill

4 mosquitoes

2. The mos

alis (381 spe

ce species. C

s captured emore.

l 5

Jul 10

J1

5 6 55

1

2 5 2

9 9 14

924

3 133 17 16 30 2

2

10 1

1 137 3216 8

y

quito Contro

more

l site in Glen

s from 15 sp

st prevalent s

ecimens, or 3

Culex pipien

each week in

Date (2013)ul 2

Jul 19

J2

2 4 1

2

44 89

9 5 2 4

34 4 3 2

2 6

9 55

29 168 83 77

ol Program, 2

nmore, and o

pecies were c

species foun

35% of the to

ns were also

n a CDC bla

Jul 26

Aug 01

A

Tra

p m

alfu

nctio

ned-

no

sam

ple

obta

ined

1 1

8 115 1 19

2

3

15

165 50

2013

Page 2

operated for

captured, up

nd was the

otal number

found in low

ack-light

Aug 16

Aug 30

1

5 2 2

5

2 2

14 5 2

27

w

Total

11 177

3 2 20 13

381 1 35 2 4 2

146 69 82 24

112

1,084 249

BWP

samp

speci

speci

speci

WNV

both

Tabl

Species

Aedes cAedes vAnopheAnopheCoquilleCulex pCulex taCulisetaCulisetaOchleroOchleroOchleroOchleroOchleroOchleroOchleroMosquitOchlerounidentTotal NNo of mal

**

Regiona

P Consulting

6.2.3. A

The third

ples were col

ies, were cap

Not surpri

ies: Aedes ve

ies are feroci

V. The two p

present in re

e 7. Numbetrap o

s

cinereus vexans eles freeborni eles punctipenettidia perturbpipiens arsalis a inornata a minnesotaeotatus commuotatus dorsalisotatus excruciotatus fitchii otatus increpitotatus intrudeotatus sticticuto unidentifiabotatus male ified** umber Captules (out of total a


al District of

Inc.

Adult mosqu

light trap wa

llected from

ptured, down

isingly, the m

exans, Ochle

ious nuisanc

primary WN

elatively low

ers of adult on Gordon D

Jun14

Bat

tery

mal

func

tione

d- n

o sa

mpl

e ob

tain

ed

nnis bans

unis s ians

tus ns s ble*

ured 0 above)

damaged to be idmales can be dif

Central Oka

uito trappin

as located in

this trap. A

n somewhat f

majority of t

erotatus stict

ce biters, but

NV vector sp

w numbers.

mosquitoesDrive in Mis

n 4

Jun 23

Ju05

yp

4 95

74 51 34 4

3

3 43

7

9 314 5

11

29 178 14


anagan Mosq

ng near Miss

n Mission, al

A total of 960

from the 1,4

these (78%)

ticus, and Oc

none are co

pecies, Culex

s captured ession.

Datl

5 Jul 10

Jul12

1 15 53 42

2 12 81 14 61

1 1 1

24 144

27 174 4

9 9

8 140 107 10

y

quito Contro

sion Creek

long Gordon

0 mosquitoes

454 mosquito

were compr

chlerotatus i

onsidered to

x tarsalis and

each week in

te (2013) l

2 Jul 19

Jul26

5 12 147 61

4 1

11 74 23 2

1

3 1

2 4 41 19

7 33 51 8

2

7 255 1099 3

ol Program, 2

n Drive. Nin

s, representin

oes captured

rised of three

increpitus. A

be significan

d Culex pipie

n a CDC bla

l 6

Aug 07

A1

55 4

3 3 42

1

9 12

2

1

9 79 52

2013

Page 2

ne sets of

ng sixteen

d in 2012.

e nuisance

All of these

nt vectors of

ens, were

ack-light

ug

16 Aug 30

T

47 2

1

4 1

1

6 1

59 4

28

f

Total

8 506 4 11 50 19 26 4 1 4 12 3 2

117 4

124 33

32

960 38

BWP

summ

highe

Coqu

the im

numb

Tabl

Species

Aedes cAedes vAnopheAnopheCoquilleCulex pCulex taCulisetaCulisetaCulisetaOchleroOchleroOchleroOchleroOchleroOchleroOchleroMosquitOchlerounidentTotal NNo of mal

*

vecto

Frase

major

Regiona

P Consulting

6.2.4. A

The fourth

mer, 1,285 m

er than the 8

uillettidia per

mportant WN

bers at this tr

e 8. Numbetrap in

s

cinereus vexans eles earlei eles freeborni ettidia perturbpipiens arsalis a incidens a inornata a minnesotaeotatus canadeotatus commuotatus dorsalisotatus excruciotatus fitchii otatus increpitotatus sticticuto unidentifiabotatus male ified** umber Captules (out of total a

*Specimen too d

The follow

or mosquitoe

er University

r mosquito s

al District of

Inc.

Adult mosqu

h trap was lo

mosquitoes fr

52 specimen

rturbans and

NV species,

rapping loca

ers of adult n Oyama.

J1

4

bans 5

ensis unis s ians

tus s ble*

1

ured 1above)

damaged to be id

wing Section

es as predicte

y. Section 8.

species captu

Central Oka

uito trappin

ocated in Oy

rom seventee

ns captured i

d Aedes vexa

Culex pipien

ation.

mosquitoes

un 12

Jun 14

J2

3 49 6

56 104 91 2 8 5

1 5 6

5 1

1

9

7 1

13

52 131 113 1

dentified

n (Section 7

ed by Peter B

.0 contains

ured in the R

anagan Mosq

ng in Oyama

yama (Green

en different

in 2012. The

ans, both sig

ns and Culex

s captured e

DaJun 22

Jul 05

J1

1 15 1

94 1 12 2

24 31 1 4 8 16

2

1

2 1 1

49

122 83 23 51 1

.0 ) contains

Belton, PhD

short summa

RDCO this su

quito Contro

a

nhow). Over

species were

e two most c

gnificant nuis

x tarsalis, w

each week in

ate (2013) Jul 10

Jul 19

Ju26

13 7 102 37 121 1 115 27 292 1734 1 1

3 210 2

2

8 5 15

1 4 6

8

292 83 2319 17

s an overview

, Mosquito E

aries of the b

ummer.

ol Program, 2

r the course

e captured, a

common spe

sance specie

were found in

n a CDC bla

ul 6

Aug 01

A1

1 16 821 45 2

1 4 9 10 17 9 1 8 6

2 1

5 3 3

6 6 5

8 4

31 106 57 4

w of potentia

Expert from

biology of th

2013

Page 2

of the

about 50%

ecies were

es. Both of

n moderate

ack-light

ug

16 Aug 22

T

8 22 15

1 10

6 1

1

1

3 2

5 7

3

57 28 1 3

al WNV

Simon

he genera an

29

Total

59 402 1 17 446 35 98 2 22 21 11 1 3 3 1 45 2 39

77

1,285111

nd

BWP

prima

from

assem

assign

consi

natur

insuf

corre

circu

circu

meal.

blood

for th

infect

its wo

time

willin

most

most

Britis

list of

system

a rela

by Tu

to tra

Regiona

P Consulting

7.0 SUMM

MOSQ

Although

ary vectors o

Simon Fras

mbled a list o

ned them “v

It is impor

idered a goo

ral setting, W

fficient amou

ct receptors

latory system

latory system

. This bring

d meal in its

he virus to be

tious. Anoth

orst in July a

of the year.

ng to bite bir

With all o

significant c

significant v

sh Columbia

f species tha

m of ranking

ative compet

urell et al, (2

ansmit other

al District of

Inc.

MARY OF WUITO SPEC

it is widely

of WNV in w

er University

of potential W

vector compe

rtant to unde

d WNV vect

WNV can onl

unts of the vi

in its gut to

m. Later, the

m into its sal

gs us to the n

life, and mu

e transported

her factor is

and August,

Finally, in o

rds, but it mu

of these facto

concern as a

vector within

an species in

at has tested

g discussed i

tency rankin

2005), but st

viruses, are

Central Oka

WEST NILE

CIES

accepted tha

western Cana

y and an exp

WNV vector

etency” ratin

erstand the f

tor. First, th

ly be contrac

irus to be inf

accept the v

e mosquito m

livary glands

next point: a

ust be a long

d to a mosqu

the tempora

so the vecto

order to be a

ust also be w

ors considere

a human vect

n bird popul

n his list, bas

positive for

in Turell et a

g of 0 to +++

ill given con

ranked with

anagan Mosq

E VIRUS VE

at Culex pipi

ada, Peter B

pert in the fie

rs that are pr

ngs.

factors that m

he mosquito

cted from bir

fectious. Ne

virus and tran

must be able

s so it can in

mosquito mu

-lived specie

uito’s salivar

al distributio

or must be pr

a human vect

willing to bit

ed, Culex tar

tor in British

ations. How

ed on a Unit

the virus (in

al. (2005). P

++ (Table 9)

nsideration b

h a question m

quito Contro

ECTOR CO

iens and Cul

Belton (2007)

eld of mosqu

resent in Bri

must be met

must be wil

rds, as other

ext, the mosq

nsfer it into

e to transfer t

nject the viru

must be willin

es, since it c

ry glands and

n of a specie

resent in hig

tor, the mosq

te humans.

rsalis should

h Columbia a

wever, Peter

ted States Ce

ndicated by a

Peter Belton

). Species n

by Peter Belt

mark.

ol Program, 2

OMPETENC

lex tarsalis a

), a retired p

uito biology

itish Columb

for a mosqu

lling to bite b

r hosts conta

quito must h

the mosquito

the virus fro

us during its

ng to take mo

an take up to

d render that

es: WNV te

gh numbers d

quito must n

d be identifie

and Culex p

Belton has i

entre for Dis

a P in Table

n has assigne

not included

ton based on

2013

Page 3

Y FOR BC

are the two

rofessor

y, has

bia, and has

uito to be

birds. In a

ain

have the

o’s

om its

next blood

ore than one

o two weeks

t mosquito

ends to be at

during this

not only be

ed as the

ipiens as the

included 21

sease Contro

9) and a

ed mosquitoe

in the study

n their ability

30

e

s

e

ol

es

y

BWP

Tabl

Potential VCulex tarsaOchlerotatCulex pipieCoquillettiCuliseta inCuliseta mOchlerotatOchlerotatOchlerotatOchlerotatOchlerotatAedes vexaAedes cineAnopheles Anopheles OchlerotatCuliseta inOchlerotatOchlerotatCulex terriCuliseta im

1 Eggs3 Fema5 Fema

8.0

rather

numb

life c

reflec

Ochle

temp

of the

Regiona

P Consulting

e 9. MosquNile V

Vectors in Balis tus togoi ens idia perturbanornata

morsitans tus dorsalis tus melanimotus canadenstus sierrensistus sticticus ans ereus

punctipenniearlei

tus hendersoncidens tus fitchii tus provocanitans mpatiens s overwinter, oneales overwinter, ales overwinter,

BIOLOGY

IN 2013

8.1. AEDES

Until rece

r than on the

ber of specie

ycle and the

Aёdes is t

ction of thes

erotatus spe

erature and/o

e floodwater

al District of

Inc.

uito species iVirus Vector

BC Pos

ans

on sis s

is

oni

ns

e or two generatiseveral generatione generation/y

OF MAJOR

S AND OCHLE

ently, all of t

e water’s sur

es have now

e physiology

the Greek wo

e species in

cies lay thei

or low oxyg

r species pea

Central Oka

in British Crs (Belton, 2

sitive (P) CP

P P P P P P P

P P P P P

P P P P

ions/year ions/year year

R MOSQUIT

EROTATUS S

the “floodwa

rface) of mo

been reclass

of Aedes an

ord for disag

terms of bot

r eggs at the

en levels in

ak in late Jun

anagan Mosq

Columbia ide2007).

Competence++++ ++++?

+++ +

+++ ++? +++ +++ ++ + +? ++ +? +? +?

+++? ++? 0? 0? 0? 0?

2 Lar4 Egg

TO SPECIE

PECIES

ater” species

squitoes in B

sified into th

nd Ochlerota

greeable (Be

th numbers a

e edges of wa

flood-water

ne (following

quito Contro

entified as p

e (+) FeeBirdsBirdsMostlBirdsBirdsMostlMammMammGenerMammMammMostlBirds?MammMammBirds?MostlMostlMostlMostlMostl

rvae overwinter, gs and larvae ove

ES COLLEC

s (i.e. laying

BC were cla

he genus Och

atus species

elton, 1983),

and ferocity.

ater bodies a

to induce th

g snowmelt

ol Program, 2

potential hu

eding prefer, mammals3 , mammals4 ly birds3 , mammals2 , mammals3 ly birds5 mals, occasimals, occasiral feeder1 mals4 mals1 ly mammals? mammals1

mals, birds?mals, birds?? mammals1

ly mammalsly mammalsly mammalsly amphibia3

ly mammalsone generation/erwinter, severa

CTED IN TH

their eggs o

ssified as Ae

hlerotatus. H

are similar.

and is an ac

. Aedes and

and rely on w

heir eggs to h

and then riv

2013

Page 3

uman West

rence, biolog

ionally birdsionally birds

1 1 3 3

1 3 1 ?1 3 5

/year l generations/ye

HE RDCO

on moist soil

edes, but a

However, th

ccurate

warm

hatch. Most

ver flooding)

31

gy

1 1

ar

e

t

BWP

and d

viewe

gener

rising

is due

years

gener

days

althou

suitab

RDC

comp

have

not k

isolat

day (

Belto

al., 1

there

snow

adult

1979

not al

neede

capab

kilom

to say

Regiona

P Consulting

die in late sum

ed as nuisan

rally from th

g floodwater

e primarily t

s, and therefo

rally short-li

as they are p

ugh some sp

ble. Twelve

O in 2013.

8.1.1. A

Aedes cin

pleting up to

been found

known to fly

ted populatio

Belton, 1983

on’s (2007) l

8.1.2. A

This mosq

979). Aedes

are permane

wmelt or rain

in as short a

). Eggs of A

ll individual

ed for all egg

ble of flying

metres, and a

y the least. S

al District of

Inc.

mmer and th

nce species (i

his group, as

rs and therefo

to the fact th

ore egg conc

ived (two to

prone to desi

pecies are ca

e species of A

Aedes cinereu

nereus is pres

three genera

in rain pools

any great di

ons may be a

3). This spe

list of potent

Aedes vexans

quito species

s vexans app

ent, semi-pe

. In the heat

as five days,

Aedes vexans

ls hatch when

gs to hatch (

as far as 20

are vicious bi

Specimens o

Central Oka

he population

i.e. present in

large areas

fore huge bat

hat eggs laid

centrations in

six weeks),

iccation. Mo

apable of two

Aedes and O

us

sent through

ations per ye

s, swamps an

istance, and i

aggressive a

ecies is also g

tial West Nil

s

s is consider

pear in extrem

ermanent, or

of summer,

existing as

s can remain

n submerged

(Wood et al.

to 50 km or

iters as well

of Aedes vexa

anagan Mosq

ns over-wint

n high numb

of habitat of

tches of mos

by most spe

n the soil can

and generall

ost species h

o or more ge

Ochlerotatus

hout British C

ear (Belton,

nd flood wat

is generally

and persisten

given a vecto

le Virus vect

red the worst

mely large n

transient po

these mosqu

larvae for as

n viable in th

d, multiple c

, 1979). Adu

r riding low j

(Belton, 19

ans have bee

quito Contro

ter as eggs.

bers and bitin

ften become

squitoes hatc

ecies remain

n become ve

ly seek shad

have only on

enerations wh

mosquitoes

Columbia an

1983; Wood

ter (Belton,

considered a

nt biters, even

or competen

tors.

t mosquito p

numbers in a

ools that have

uitoes can m

s little as thre

he soil for ma

cycles of floo

dult Aedes ve

jet streams f

83). This ca

en found car

ol Program, 2

Mosquitoes

ng ferocious

active at on

ch at the sam

viable for a

ery dense. A

de during hot

ne generation

hen conditio

were trappe

nd is capable

d et al., 1979

1983). This

a minor pest

n during the

nce rating of

pest in Canad

almost any ha

e been flood

mature from t

ee days (Wo

any years, an

oding and dr

exans are not

for hundreds

an make con

rrying the w

2013

Page 3

s that are

sly) are

nce with

me time. Thi

number of

Adults are

t summer

n each year,

ons are

ed in the

e of

9). Larvae

s species is

t although

e heat of the

f ‘+’ or low i

da (Wood et

abitat where

ded from

the egg to

ood et al.,

nd because

rying are

torious fliers

s of

ntrol difficult

estern equin

32

is

in

t

e

s,

t

ne

BWP

encep

(Belt

vecto

capab

8.4),

sub-a

rich i

In BC

wher

north

gener

pest o

(Belt

Encep

(2007

as the

mech

Augu

consi

the fo

(Belt

areas

world

north

1983

Regiona

P Consulting

phalitis (WE

on, 1983). B

or with a vec

ble of transm

8.1.3. O

Ochlerota

temporary o

arctic pools i

in organic m

C, they are p

e it is one of

hern areas the

rations in the

of humans an

on, 1983). I

phalitis, but

7) does not i

8.1.4. O

Ochlerota

e beginning

hanism as the

ust (Woods e

idered a pest

orest and ten

on, 2007) sin

of North Am

8.1.5. O

This spec

d, occurring

hern Eurasia

), and in the

al District of

Inc.

EE) virus in A

Belton (2007

ctor compete

mitting WNV

Ochlerotatus

atus campest

or semi-perm

in birch and

matter, and ge

predominantl

f the domina

ere is only o

e south durin

nd cattle, an

It has occasio

likely plays

nclude this s

Ochlerotatus

atus canaden

of April, alth

ey have been

et al., 1979).

t in BC due t

nds to bite on

nce individu

merica.

Ochlerotatus

ies is one of

throughout t

(Wood et al

Ottawa area

Central Oka

Alberta, Sask

7) has includ

nce rating o

V.

s campestris

tris tends to

manent snow

will scrub at

enerally hatc

ly found in t

ant mosquito

one generatio

ng warmer w

nd the female

onally been

s a minor rol

species on hi

s canadensis

nsis eggs usu

hough some

n observed h

Belton (19

to its low nu

n the lower l

uals of this sp

s communis

f the most ab

the forested

l. 1979). Lar

a, develop in

anagan Mosq

katchewan a

ded Aedes ve

f ‘++’, but it

breed in som

wmelt ponds,

t tree line (W

ch as soon as

he dry interi

o pests (Hear

on per year, b

weather (Wo

es bite when

found to be

e in disease

is list of pote

s

ually hatch in

eggs seem t

hatching thro

983) reports t

umbers. How

egs. This sp

pecies have

bundant and

part of Cana

rvae general

n large numb

quito Contro

and north we

exans as a po

t is not clear

mewhat alka

, rain pools,

Wood et al. 1

s the snow h

ior and throu

rle, 1932, in

but there are

ood et al. 197

n disturbed at

infected wit

transmission

ential vector

n temporary

to have a del

oughout the s

that this spec

wever, it can

ecies is rated

tested positi

widely distr

ada as well a

lly rear in sh

bers in decid

ol Program, 2

estern United

otential Wes

r if this speci

aline pools (a

roadside dit

1979). They

has melted (B

ughout the C

Belton, 198

e occasionall

79). It is a s

t any time of

th Western E

n (Belton, 19

rs of West N

y woodland p

layed hatchi

summer as l

cies in usual

n be a persist

d ‘++’ as a W

ive for the vi

ributed speci

as the northe

haded pools (

duous forest p

2013

Page 3

d States

t Nile Virus

ies is actuall

as high as pH

tches and

y prefer wate

Belton, 1983

Chilcotin,

3). In

ly multiple

ignificant

f the day

Equine

983). Belton

Nile Virus.

pools as earl

ing

late as

lly not

tent biter in

WNv vector

irus in other

ies in the

ern US and

(Belton,

pools with a

33

ly

H

er

).

n

ly

r

a

BWP

high

fema

consi

north

as we

trave

day a

may h

al. 19

‘+++

occas

tundr

pool,

size a

rarely

appea

(Woo

the la

Ochle

aggre

high

infect

larva

Regiona

P Consulting

tannic acid c

le adults bite

idered a maj

hern areas. It

8.1.6. O

This spec

ell as fresh w

ling many k

and at night (

have two or

979). Belton

’, primarily

sionally been

8.1.7. O

Ochlerota

ra (Woods et

but seem to

and will surv

y occur in la

ar on the list

8.1.8. O

Ochlerota

ods et al.,197

arvae of Och

erotatus incr

essive pest m

as 1500m (B

ted with WN

8.1.9. O

Ochlerota

e found in fl

al District of

Inc.

content (Wo

e fiercely thr

or pest in BC

t is not inclu

Ochlerotatus

ies thrives o

water (especi

ilometers, an

(Belton, 198

more summ

n (2007) give

because We

n isolated in

Ochlerotatus

atus excrucia

t al., 1979).

o prefer the e

vive well into

rge numbers

t of potential

Ochlerotatus

atus fitchii o

79). Larvae

hlerotatus ex

repitus (Belt

mosquito of t

Belton, 1983

Nv, they are

Ochlerotatus

atus increpit

lood waters,

Central Oka

od et al. 197

roughout the

C due to rela

uded on the l

s dorsalis

on the interio

ially irrigatio

nd females o

83). When c

mer generatio

es Ochlerota

estern Equine

adult female

s excrucians

ans can be fo

Larvae of th

edges of larg

o late summ

s in British C

l WNv vecto

s fitchii

ccur nearly e

of this spec

xcrucians or

ton, 1983; W

the southern

). Although

unlikely to t

s increpitus

tus is fairly w

irrigation se

anagan Mosq

79). Eggs ge

e day. Altho

atively low n

list of potent

or plateau, br

on seepages)

of this specie

onditions ar

ons, resulting

atus dorsalis

e Encephalit

es.

s

ound through

his species c

ger semi-perm

mer. When pr

Columbia (B

ors (Belton, 2

everywhere

ies are often

early in the

Woods et al.,

interior and

h individuals

transmit the

widespread a

eepage and r

quito Contro

enerally hatc

ough it is a fi

numbers (Be

tial vectors (

reeding in sa

) (Belton, 19

es are viciou

re favourable

g in a very la

s a vector co

tis and West

hout Canada

can be found

manent mars

resent femal

Belton, 1983)

2007).

in Canada s

n collected in

spring in sno

1979). It is

d can be a nu

s of this spec

illness.

and numerou

rain or snow

ol Program, 2

ch in early sp

fierce biter, it

elton, 1983)

(Belton, 200

aline swamp

983). It is ca

us biters both

e, Ochlerota

arge populat

ompetence ra

t Nile Virus h

a south of th

d in almost an

shes. Adults

les are fierce

). This spec

outh of the t

n the same lo

owmelt pool

s described a

uisance at ele

cies have bee

us throughou

wmelt pools (

2013

Page 3

pring, and

t is not

except in

7).

ps and pools

apable of

h during the

tus dorsalis

ion (Wood e

ating of

have

he arctic

ny ground

are large in

e biters, but

ies does not

tree-line,

ocations as

ls with

as an

evations as

en found

ut BC, with

(Belton,

34

et

BWP

1983

increp

enoug

those

and c

speci

1979

devel

comm

throu

and f

same

high

day.

differ

main

assoc

(Woo

can a

(Woo

years

signif

biters

consi

comp

Regiona

P Consulting

) as well as r

epitus are an

gh in Canad

e localized ar

can be a serio

ies on his list

8.1.10.

This tiny

). It is comm

lop in tempo

munis. This s

8.1.11.

Ochlerota

ughout the su

floodwater si

pools as Ae

numbers, it

There are tw

rence betwee

body segme

8.1.12.

Ochlerota

ciated with th

od et al., 197

appear (Belto

od et al., 197

s, so there m

ficant flood

s and readily

idered to be

petence ratin

al District of

Inc.

roadside ditc

important p

a to be consi

reas of BC w

ous pest of c

t of potentia

Ochlerotatu

mosquito, al

mon through

orary woodla

species is no

Ochlerotatu

atus spencer

ummer. The

ites (Belton,

edes vexans a

can be an ag

wo variants o

en these two

ents).

Ochlerotatu

atus sticticus

he floodplain

79). With ea

on, 1983). Th

79). Eggs of

ay be years w

(Belton, 198

y enter house

a strong We

ng of ‘+’ (Be

Central Oka

ches and sha

est in Nevad

idered a sign

where large n

cattle (Belton

al WNV vect

us intrudens

lthough shor

hout Canada,

and pools an

ot expected to

us spencerii

rii larvae can

ey can be fou

1983). In th

and Ochlero

ggressive and

of this specie

o variants lie

us sticticus

s is primarily

ns of large ri

ach peak of a

his species i

f Ochlerotatu

when this sp

83). Like Ae

es day and ni

est Nile Viru

elton, 2007).

anagan Mosq

aded pools (W

da and Utah,

nificant pest

numbers are

n, 1983). Be

tors.

rt lived, can

, but rarely a

nd are often f

o be a transm

(both varia

n be found ve

und in snow

he interior o

otatus dorsal

d persistent b

es in BC, ida

s in the mark

y a floodwat

ivers and wi

a river, a fres

s almost alw

us sticticus c

pecies may n

edes vexans,

ight (Belton

us vector in B

quito Contro

Wood et al.

they are gen

(Wood et al

found , the

elton (2007)

be a trouble

abundant. L

found associ

mitter of WN

nts)

ery early in t

and rain poo

of BC, they h

lis. When th

biter, even d

ahoensis and

kings presen

ter mosquito

idespread ex

sh hatch of O

ways associat

can remain v

not appear at

Ochlerotatu

n, 1983). Thi

British Colum

ol Program, 2

1979). Whi

nerally not c

l. 1979). Ho

females are

does not inc

esome biter (

Larvae of this

iated with O

Nv.

the spring, a

ols, irrigation

have been fo

his mosquito

during the he

d spencerii.

nt on their te

o and is there

xcessive prec

Ochlerotatus

ted with Aed

viable for ab

t all as it wai

us sticticus a

is species is

mbia, with a

2013

Page 3

ile female

common

owever, in

eager biters

clude this

(Woods et al

s species

chlerotatus

and then

n seepage,

ound in the

is present in

eat of the

The

ergites (the

efore usually

cipitation

s sticticus

des vexans

bout five

its for a

are ferocious

not

a vector

35

l.,

n

y

s

BWP

mosq

are w

Becau

Fema

of she

and o

singly

impli

outbr

in the

well a

not b

1979

weath

viciou

flying

in sig

‘+’.

aband

sloug

al. 19

They

poten

West

Regiona

P Consulting

8.2. ANOPH

Anopheles

quitoes, with

well elevated

use of these

ales overwin

eds (Belton,

other sheltere

y among veg

icated in the

reaks in Can

e RDCO this

8.2.1. A

Female A

as hollow lo

lood-fed and

). In the sou

her permittin

us biters, ab

g (Belton, 19

gnificant num

8.2.2. A

Anophele

doned mines

ghs formed b

979). In Cal

y are capable

ntially an eff

tern Equine E

al District of

Inc.

HELES SPECI

s species of

h narrow win

from their b

anatomical

nter as adults

1983). In u

ed places (B

getation at th

transmission

ada in the 19

s summer.

Anopheles ea

nopheles ea

ogs and tree t

d have not la

uthern part o

ng. The spec

le to attack i

983). Becau

mbers. Belto

Anopheles fr

es freeborni f

s and buildin

by creeks, lar

lifornia, rice

of rearing in

fective vecto

Encephalitis

Central Oka

IES

mosquitoes

ngs and long

bodies, distin

differences,

s and hide in

urban areas, t

elton, 1983)

he edges of w

n of malaria

9th century.

arlei

rlei overwin

trunks (Woo

aid eggs, but

of the provinc

cies is widel

in weather so

use of their f

on (2007) giv

reeborni

females over

ngs, and root

rge marshes

fields are a

n slightly sa

or of malaria

, but is neve

anagan Mosq

are quite dif

slender bod

nguishing th

they have b

culverts, bri

they hiberna

). They pref

water bodies

a, and were n

All of BC’s

nter in buildi

od et al. 1979

t feed soon a

ce, they are

ly distributed

o cold that o

ferocity, they

ves this spec

rwinter in va

t cellars. Th

and irrigate

significant b

aline water (s

and has bee

er found in h

quito Contro

fferent in app

dies. When s

hem from oth

been place in

ridges, inside

ate in burrow

fer fresh, clea

s. Anopheles

no doubt invo

three Anoph

ings, caves a

9). When th

after leaving

capable of tw

d throughout

other mosqui

y can be loca

cies a vector

arious sites i

hey tend to b

d pastures in

breeding site

salinity as m

en found natu

high enough

ol Program, 2

pearance tha

standing, the

her mosquito

n their own s

e eaves and i

ws, caves, ho

an water and

s species hav

olved in mal

heles species

and mammal

hey overwint

hibernation

wo generatio

t BC, and th

itoes are not

alized pests w

r competence

including tal

reed in pool

n Washingto

e (Wood et a

much as 5%).

urally infect

concentratio

2013

Page 3

an other

eir hind ends

o species.

ubfamily.

in the roofs

ollow trees

d lay eggs

ve been

larial

s were found

l burrows, as

ter, they are

(Wood et a

ons per year

he females ar

t capable of

when presen

e rating of

lus slopes,

ls and

on (Wood et

al. 1979).

. It is

ted with

ons to be

36

s

d

s

l.

r,

re

nt

BWP

impo

of ve

and i

stand

(Woo

house

vecto

litera

from

‘catta

to att

body

fulfil

botto

rema

are pr

1979

occas

Belto

speci

(Belt

pipie

almo

all Cu

Regiona

P Consulting

rtant for dise

ctor compet

8.2.3. A

Anopheles

s fairly wide

ding water (B

od et al. 197

es, but are no

or (Belton, 29

8.3. COQUI

8.3.1. C

The genu

ature recently

this genus, C

ail mosquitoe

ach themselv

of the larva

ls their oxyg

m of the swa

in permanen

resent in yea

). Females a

sionally feed

on (2007) ha

8.4. CULEX

Culex is th

ies prior to 1

on, 1983). T

ns, and Cule

st any water

ulex species

al District of

Inc.

ease transmi

ency.

Anopheles pu

s punctipenn

espread throu

Belton, 1983

9). Females

ot found in h

983). Belton

ILLETTIDIA S

Coquillettidia

s Coquilletti

y, although M

Coquillettidi

es’, as the si

ves to the ou

e protruding

gen requirem

amp (Wood

ntly wet, bec

ar-round and

are strong fli

d more than o

s given them

X SPECIES

he Latin wor

818, at whic

There are on

ex territans).

r, and all spe

in BC can p

Central Oka

ission. Belto

unctipennis

nis is the onl

ughout the p

), and there

s bite human

high enough

n (2007) giv

SPECIES

a perturbans

idia has repl

Mansonia is

ia perturban

iphon of the

utside of a ca

g (Belton, 19

ments, enabli

et al. 1979)

ause, althou

d are killed b

iers and feed

once before

m a vector co

rd for ‘mosq

ch time the g

nly three spec

. Culex fem

ecies found in

produce seve

anagan Mosq

on (2007) do

ly anophelin

province. La

are generally

ns freely afte

concentratio

ves this speci

s

aced the gen

still used by

ns, is found i

larvae and ‘

attail and bu

983). This ex

ng them to r

. The marsh

ugh there is o

by drought, e

d on both bir

laying eggs

ompetence ra

quitoes’ and

genera Anoph

cies of Culex

ales lay thei

n BC overw

eral generatio

quito Contro

oes not inclu

ne found on V

arvae are fou

y two or thre

er dark and a

ons to be a c

ies a vector c

nus Mansoni

y some autho

in Canada. T

trumpets’ of

urrow throug

xposure to th

remain burie

hes where th

only one gen

especially in

rds and mam

(Wood et al

ating of ‘+’.

was used to

heles and Ae

x in BC (Cu

ir eggs in raf

winter as ferti

ons a year, p

ol Program, 2

ude this spec

Vancouver I

und in almos

ee generatio

are persistent

concern as a

competence

ia in most of

ors. Only on

They are oft

f the pupae a

gh the side, le

he air inside

ed in the mud

hey are found

neration per y

n the winter (

mmals, and w

l. 1979). Fo

o describe all

edes were na

lex tarsalis,

fts on the sur

ilized female

providing tha

2013

Page 3

ies on his lis

Island to date

st any kind o

ons annually

t in entering

disease

rating of ‘+

f the

ne species

en called

are modified

eaving the

e the cattail

d at the

d must

year, larvae

(Wood et al.

will

or this reason

l mosquito

amed

Culex

rface of

es. As well,

at the

37

st

e,

of

+’.

d

n,

BWP

summ

they a

of hu

brood

other

blood

fema

speci

Hous

and s

are fo

(DeB

water

trays,

areas

prefe

eggs

Larva

adult

summ

lay m

Louis

with

actua

likely

Regiona

P Consulting

mer is warm

are usually f

umans (they t

ds in their lif

r encephalitis

d meal befor

le has the po

ies were iden

8.4

The comm

se Mosquito.

since they rar

ound, it can b

Bess, 2003).

r catch basin

, tires, and b

(DeBess, 20

Females e

rence for the

– she lays ap

ae emerge fr

s is temperat

mer (Savage

multiple batch

This spec

s Encephalit

a competenc

ally serve as

y to be respo

al District of

Inc.

enough. Th

found in low

tend to prefe

fetime, they

s such as We

re laying eac

otential to tra

ntified in the

4.1. Culex p

mon names f

.” These mo

rely fly more

be assumed

These mosq

ns, sewage tr

basically any

003).

emerge in th

e blood of bi

pproximately

rom the eggs

ture–depend

& Miller, 19

hes of eggs i

ies has been

is, and is list

cy rating of ‘

a human vec

onsible for th

Central Oka

hese mosquit

wer concentra

er either bird

have the pot

estern Equin

ch batch of eg

ansmit the vi

e RDCO this

pipiens

for Culex pip

osquitoes are

e than 2-3 km

that they dev

quitoes breed

reatment plan

y water-holdi

he spring in s

irds. The blo

y 140-340 e

s in 1-2 days

dent, but usu

995). A sing

in a summer

n known to tr

ted as a pote

‘+++’ (Belto

ctor because

he “amplifica

anagan Mosq

toes are gene

ations and ar

ds or amphib

tential to tra

ne Encephali

ggs, and afte

irus to her n

s summer.

piens are “ra

e common in

m from their

veloped in a

d readily in h

nts, ditches,

ing containe

search of a b

ood is used b

ggs on the su

s, after which

ually takes ap

gle female m

r.

ransmit Wes

ential human

on, 1983; 20

e it rarely, if

ation” of the

quito Contro

erally not co

re not particu

bians). Beca

ansmit viruse

itis. This is b

er feeding on

next host. Tw

ain-barrel mo

n both urban

r larval deve

a local larval

highly organ

birdbaths, r

rs that are co

blood meal; t

by the femal

urface of he

h the develop

pproximately

may take mul

stern Equine

n vector of W

07), althoug

ever, bites h

e WNV in bi

ol Program, 2

onsidered a n

ularly aggre

ause they hav

es such as W

because they

n an infected

wo of BC’s t

osquito” and

n and sub-urb

elopment site

l developmen

nic water suc

rain gutters, p

ommonly fo

this species h

le to help de

er chosen wa

pment of the

y 8-12 days

ltiple blood

Encephaliti

WNV in Briti

gh it is unlike

humans. Cu

ird populatio

2013

Page 3

nuisance as

ssive biters

ve multiple

WNV and

y must take a

d host, the

three Culex

d “Northern

ban settings,

es, when the

nt site

ch as storm

plant pot dri

ound in urban

has a strong

evelop her

ater habitat.

e larvae into

in the

meals and

is and St.

ish Columbi

ely to

lex pipiens i

ons.

38

a

ey

ip

n

ia

is

BWP

to its

North

pond

small

summ

conce

in cav

with

major

birds

incre

unvac

for ve

layin

mors

devel

year,

the co

captu

comm

the fa

summ

conta

ditch

Regiona

P Consulting

8.4

The comm

implication

h America.

s, irrigation

l temporary p

mer (Wood e

entrations of

ves, rock pil

peak activity

This spec

r vector of W

, so when po

ases and is l

ccinated hor

ector compe

8.5. CULISE

The life-h

g their eggs

itans, which

lopment site

and most ov

ooler, tempe

ured in the R

8.5

Culiseta i

mon and mos

act that almo

mer long, wh

ainers and ha

es, and perm

al District of

Inc.

4.2. Culex ta

mon name fo

in the transm

Culex tarsal

ditches, and

pools and ar

et al., 1979).

f organic ma

les, and talus

y occurring w

ies will read

WNV to hum

opulations of

ikely to start

rses (Belton,

tency in Brit

ETA SPECIES

history of Cu

directly on t

h lay their eg

s) (Belton, 1

verwinter as

erate climate

RDCO this su

5.1. Culiseta

incidens is a

st widesprea

ost every rain

hich reflects

aving multip

manent and s

Central Oka

arsalis

or Culex tars

mission of v

lis larvae can

d sewage pon

rtificial conta

In general,

aterials. Cule

s slopes. Ad

within two h

dily feed on b

mans (Belton

f both birds

t showing up

2007; Wood

tish Columb

S

uliseta mosqu

the surface o

gg rafts on ve

1983). Fema

fertilized fe

s that are typ

ummer.

a incidens

common sp

ad species in

n barrel in th

this mosquit

ple broods ea

emi-perman

anagan Mosq

salis is the W

various encep

n be found in

nds (Belton,

ainers as the

they prefer

ex tarsalis fe

dults feed pri

hours after su

both birds an

n, 2007). WN

and Culex ta

p in mamma

d et al., 1979

bia (Belton, 2

uitoes is sim

of water (wit

egetation at t

ales of most

emales. Mem

pical of Can

pecies, and in

n the provinc

he lower mai

to’s propens

ach year. Th

nent pools, an

quito Contro

Western Ence

phalitis-caus

n permanent

1983). The

e populations

warm, stagn

females overw

imarily betw

unset (Wood

nd mammals

NV is prima

arsalis are h

al population

9). This spe

2007).

milar to that o

th the except

the margin o

species lay m

mbers of thes

nada. Four sp

n 1932 was c

ce (Belton, 1

inland was in

sity for devel

hey are also f

nd are capab

ol Program, 2

ephalitis Mo

sing viruses

t and semi-p

ey can also b

s increase th

nant water w

winter as ad

ween sunset a

d et al., 1979

s, which is w

arily a diseas

igh, the risk

ns, especially

ecies is rated

of Culex, wi

tion of Culis

of their larva

multiple bro

se genera ten

pecies of Cu

considered th

983). This w

nfested with

loping in art

found in catc

ble of tolerat

2013

Page 3

osquito, due

in western

permanent

e found in

hrough the

with high

dults, hiding

and sunrise,

9).

why it is the

se of wild

of WNV

y in

d at ‘++++’

ith females

seta

al

oods each

nd to prefer

uliseta were

he most

was due to

h larvae all

tificial

ch basins,

ting polluted

39

d

BWP

water

early

stron

Fema

that t

lower

prima

infect

man,

and p

burro

other

dusk

1979

comp

has o

speci

curre

overw

(Woo

veget

but al

speci

future

birds

Regiona

P Consulting

rs (Wood et

in the spring

g reactions f

ales generall

hey appear t

r mainland.

arily because

ted with WN

8.5.2. C

Culiseta i

it is seldom

polluted open

ows and crev

r species. Th

very early in

). This wide

petence ratin

8.5.3. C

This spec

only been see

ies in Salmon

nt range. It

winter as adu

od et al., 197

tation, and fe

lso feeding o

ies on his list

e as its range

.

al District of

Inc.

al., 1979). T

g; their large

from people,

y take blood

to feed more

Belton (200

e of its wide

NV and is qu

Culiseta inor

inornata is a

m considered

n water (Bel

vices, and em

hese are the l

n the spring.

e-spread spe

ng of ‘+++’ (

Culiseta minn

ies is slowly

en in the far

n Arm, and t

is one of the

ults, and that

79). Larvae

eeding habit

on small mam

t, likely due

e expands du

Central Oka

They overwi

e size couple

, even thoug

d meals from

e freely on hu

07) gives this

espread distri

uite unlikely

rnata

a widespread

a pest. It br

lton, 1983).

merges very e

large mosqu

. Larvae hav

cies is listed

(Belton, 2007

nesotae

y migrating n

southern por

this probably

e least-know

t there are pr

are most oft

ts are similar

mmals and t

to its minim

ue to the fact

anagan Mosq

inter in rock

ed with their

gh they are no

m large mamm

umans durin

s species a v

ibution, alth

to transmit t

d mosquito, b

reeds in deep

This species

early in the s

uitoes often s

ve been foun

d as a potenti

7).

north from it

rtion of the p

y represents

wn mosquito

robably mor

ten found co

r to those of

turtles). Bel

mal range in B

t that it has m

quito Contro

k slides and t

r early appea

ot significan

mals, but Be

ng warm (> 2

vector compe

ough it has n

the illness.

but since it p

p woodland p

s overwinter

spring when

seen “hoveri

nd in ice-cov

ial West Nil

ts typical ran

province. In

the near-nor

species, but

re than one g

oncealed amo

Culiseta mo

lton (2007) d

B.C., but it m

multiple gen

ol Program, 2

talus slopes a

arance often

nt biters of h

elton (1983)

20°C) evenin

etence rating

not been fou

prefers large

ponds, seepa

rs as adults i

n it is still too

ing” close to

vered ponds

e Virus vect

nge, and unti

n 2007 we ob

rthern extrem

t it is known

generation an

ong dense cl

orsitans (pre

does not incl

may be inclu

nerations and

2013

Page 4

and emerge

causes

humans.

has noted

ngs in the

g of ‘++,’

und to be

mammals to

age ditches

n mammal

o cold for

o people at

(Wood et al

tor with a

il recently

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that they

nnually

lumps of

ferring birds

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uded in the

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s

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deep

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cedar

1979

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‘++’.

years

temp

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few h

asses

Regiona

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8.5.4. C

In most o

in silt or pea

ibution, and

usually found

r swamps. T

) and female

on, 1983). H

979) and fee

9.0 RECO

The West

s, making thi

eratures (allo

rrence of Cu

ions in the R

ar that the R

daries. Furt

bers of nuisa

ollowing rec

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ictions have

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Culiseta mor

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at at the bott

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OMMENDAT

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owing multi

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RDCO is at si

ther, larval su

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ommendatio

commended

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commended

commended

been made b

year to year

ers. Also, it

ectiveness of

Central Oka

rsitans

uliseta mors

tom of deep

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conditions, a

most exclusiv

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ecause they l

Belton (2007

TIONS

was detected

st risk area in

iple generatio

and Culex p

ummer (even

ignificant ris

urveillance a

toes in some

ons are made

that Kelown

ce and WNV

that staff co

ding water, m

that public e

that an adul

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anagan Mosq

sitans overw

ponds (Belto

widely scat

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vely bird feed

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lay multiple

7) has given

d in the Oka

n the provinc

ons of Culex

ipiens mosq

n after comp

sk of seeing

and adult tra

e areas of the

e:

na, Lake Cou

V vector mos

ontinue to sea

marshes and

education co

t mosquito s

p counts and

imes even w

nt to continue

ng program.

quito Contro

winter as eggs

on, 1983). I

ttered locatio

with springs,

ders (Belton

arvae would

batches of e

them a vecto

anagan in fou

ce. Due to r

x mosquitoes

quitoes captu

prehensive la

further case

apping has sh

e Regional D

untry and the

squito contro

arch for and

catch basins

ontinue as fu

surveillance

d vector pres

with a change

e surveillanc

ol Program, 2

s, or possibly

It has a fairly

ons in BC (B

sphagnum b

n, 1983; Woo

d not take a b

eggs each ye

or competen

ur out of the

relatively hig

s), coupled t

ured at the tra

arviciding),

s of WNV w

hown signifi

District. Bec

e two Electo

ol.

d to map vect

s both on pri

unding allow

program con

sence. These

e in trap loca

ce as a mean

2013

Page 4

y as larvae

y northern

Belton, 1983)

bogs and

od et al.

blood meal

ear (Wood et

nce rating of

last five

gh summer

the common

apping

it would

within its

icant

cause of this

oral Areas

tor habitats

vate and

ws.

ntinue.

e numbers

ation of just

ns of

41

).

t

f

n

,

a

BWP

larvic

reque

both

smart

and o

than t

Mana

Regiona

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5. The ado

ciding treatm

est calls, was

abatement st

tphones and

online access

the previous

agement Act

al District of

Inc.

option of the

ment and mo

s completed

taff and RDC

tablets), for

sibility make

s system and

t and Regula

Central Oka

e BWP Mosq

nitoring data

this year. It

CO staff from

r data entry o

es it a more u

d creates repo

ation in Briti

anagan Mosq

quito HeadQ

a, as well as

t is an online

m any IBM

or retrieval.

user-friendly

orts that mee

sh Columbia

quito Contro

Quarters data

information

e database th

or Mac Com

It is our opi

y data collec

et the standa

a.

ol Program, 2

abase for log

n pertaining t

hat can be ac

mputer (inclu

inion that its

ction and sto

ards of the In

2013

Page 4

gging all

to service

ccessed by

uding

ease of use

orage system

ntegrated Pes

42

m

st

BWP

BCCD

BeltoM

BeltoW

Cente

DeBep

Savagco

Turel(2C

WoodPR

Regiona

P Consulting

10.0 REF

DC (2013).

on, P. (1983)Museum Pub

on, P. (2007)Website: ww

er for Diseaswebsite. http://www

ess, E. (2003lan. Oregon

ge, H., & Momplex. Win

ll, M.J., Doh2005). An up

Culicidae) to

d, D.M., DanPart 6: The MResearch Inst

al District of

Inc.

FERENCES

On-line. We

). The Mosqulication: Han

) British Colww.sfu.ca/~b

se Control. (

.cdc.gov/we

3). Mosquiton Departmen

Miller, B. (19ng Beats, Vo

hm, D.J., Sarpdate on the transmit We

ng, P.T., & EMosquitoes oftitute.

Central Oka

est Nile Viru

uitoes of Brindbook No.

lumbia Mosqbelton

2013). Divi

estnile/statsM

o control chent of Human

995). House Mol. 6(2):8-9.

rdelis, M.R.,potential of

est Nile viru

Ellis, R.A. (of Canada, D

anagan Mosq

us Informatio

tish Columb41.

quitoes as V

ision of Vect

Maps/prelimi

emical guideServices.

Mosquitoes

O’Guinn, Mf North Ameus. J. Med. En

1979). The IDiptera: Culi

quito Contro

on Page. http

bia. British C

Vectors of We

tor-Borne D

inaryMapsD

e: 2003 Wes

of the U.S.A

M.L., Andreaerican mosquntomol. 42:

Insects and Aicidae. Otta

ol Program, 2

p://www.bcc

Columbia Pr

West Nile Viru

Diseases: We

Data/histateda

st Nile Virus

A: Culex pip

adis, T.G., &uitoes (Dipte57-62.

Arachnids ofawa, ON: Bio

2013

Page 4

cdc.ca

rovincial

us. SFU

st Nile Viru

ate.html

response

piens

& Blow, J.A.eria:

f Canada, osystematics

43

s

s

BWP

Regiona

P Consulting

APPENDIX

2013 (T

THE RE

SiteNu

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

DK

DK

DK

DK

DK

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GG

GM

GM

GM

GM

GM

GM

GM

al District of

Inc.

X I. SUMM

TOTAL AM

ESULT OF M

e mber

Amlarv

3

6

10

15

17

20

21

22

23

25

1

2

6

7

8

G1

G2

G4

G10

G12

G13

G17

G21

G22

G23

G24

G27

G28

G29

G30

M3

M8

M13

M15

M19

M20

M22

Central Oka

MARY OF LA

MOUNT APPL

MULTIPLE

mount of vicide (kg)

1

0.75

3

0.37

0.15

0.25

2.26

1.5

0.5

0.76

8.5

0.5

1

0.1

0.5

1.5

1.25

0.25

0.5

0.25

0.5

1.5

0.5

3

0.15

0.5

0.5

0.15

11.5

0.5

0.25

3.88

3.5

8

107

1

4.5

anagan Mosq

ARVICIDIN

LIED AT EA

APPLICAT

Area treate(ha)

0.133

0.1

0.42

0.064

0.03

0.04

0.3

0.22

0.07

0.1

1.15

0.1

0.14

0.013

0.06

0.2

0.13

0.03

0.08

0.03

0.067

0.22

0.07

0.4

0.03

0.06

0.06

0.03

1.55

0.1

0.04

0.501

0.5

1.05

14.3

0.15

0.7

quito Contro

NG ACTIVIT

ACH SITE, MIONS)

ed

ol Program, 2

TIES IN RDMANY OF T

2013

Page 4

DCO IN

THESE ARE

44

E

BWP

Regiona

P Consulting

SiteNu

GM

GM

GM

GM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

KM

RT1

RT3

RT4

RT5

RT6

RT7

RT1

RT1

RT1

RT1

RT1

RT2

RT2

RT2

RT2

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

al District of

Inc.

e mber

Amlarv

MHL1

MHL2

MHL3

MHL7

MIS3

MIS4

MIS7

MIS8

MIS10

MIS12

MIS13

MIS16

MIS17

MIS18

MIS19

MIS21

MIS22

MIS23

MIS24

MIS25

1

3

4

5

6

7

12

14

15

17

19

21

22

24

25

O2

O4

O8

O9

O11

O18

Central Oka


0.5

2

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.1

1.25

5.5

3.5

4.5

150

0.25

49.5

0.5

5

5

41

13

0.1

0.75

0.25

0.25

0.1

0.27

1.4

2

0.38

0.45

0.76

0.5

6

0.25

1.25

0.7

9

0.1

0.25

0.6

1

2

0.75

anagan Mosq

Area treate(ha)

0.08

0.25

0.04

0.06

0.1

0.013

0.25

0.72

0.5

0.61

22.93

0.04

6.75

0.07

0.67

0.65

6.25

1.65

0.013

0.13

0.03

0.04

0.02

0.034

0.21

0.268

0.05

0.056

0.1

0.1

0.87

0.03

0.17

0.087

1.2

0.013

0.03

0.08

0.15

0.3

0.1

quito Contro

ed

ol Program, 22013

Page 445

BWP

Regiona

P Consulting

SiteNu

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

WO

Tot

al District of

Inc.

e mber

Amlarv

O20

O22

O23

O24

O27

O28

O30

O34

O35

O38

O39

tal 5

Central Oka


0.5

13

1.85

2

1.75

0.5

0.63

0.1

2

0.5

0.5

507.16

anagan Mosq

Area treate(ha)

0.1

1.75

0.27

0.25

0.29

0.07

0.1

0.0135

0.25

0.07

0.07

72.1855

quito Contro

ed

ol Program, 22013

Page 446

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