center&for&&& high&performance&buildings&(chpb)& · among the...

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Center"for"High"Performance"Buildings"at"Purdue"

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Center for High Performance Buildings (CHPB)

A center dedicated to partnering with industry in the development, demonstra7on, evalua7on, and deployment of new technologies and

analysis tools for high performance buildings.

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CHPB Vision and Mission

Vision: To be the leading university research program for high performance building technology development and assessment.

Mission: To partner with industry in the development, demonstration, evaluation, and deployment of new technologies and analysis tools for high performance buildings.

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Outline•  Why Buildings?•  Why Purdue?•  What are some unique research

opportunities for the CHPB? •  Industry members proposal •  Status and timeline for moving forward

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Why Buildings?

●  41% of primary energy usage

●  72% of electrical usage

●  55% of natural gas usage

●  38% of CO2 emissions

●  $370 billion in annual utility bills

●  10% of GDP related to buildings

●  Among the largest engineered systems in existence

●  Where we spend about 90% of our time

Primary Energy Use Sectors

EIA, 2011

Buildings Figure 2.1a Energy Consumption Estimates by Sector Overview

Total Consumption by End-Use Sector, 1949-2011 End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2011

Primary and Total Consumption by Sector, 2011 Electric Power Sector, 1949-2011

38 U.S. Energy Information Administration / Annual Energy Review 2011

1 Conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, wind, and biomass.Note: • See “Primary Energy Consumption” in Glossary. • Sum of components may not

equal 100 percent due to independent rounding.

Sources: Tables 2.1a and 2.1f.

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100

10

20

30

40

Qua

drill

ion

Btu

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

22%

Transportation

28%

Industrial

31%

Commercial

19%

Residential

Commercial

Petroleum

Coal

Nuclear ElectricPower

Natural Gas

RenewableEnergy1

21.618.0

30.627.1

39.3

6.64.1

20.3

27.0

Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric0

10

20

30

40

50

Qua

drill

ion

Btu

Primary Consumption Total Consumption

Power 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100

5

10

15

20

25

Qua

drill

ion

Btu

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Why Purdue?●  Incomparable History within the HVAC&R Industry

Ø  Herrick Labs initially founded in the 1950’s by a grant from Ray W. Herrick, founder of the Tecumseh Products Corp. to perform research on compressors

Ø  Evolved over several decades to consider all aspects of building: HVAC&R components/equipment/systems, building controls and diagnostics, indoor air quality, building envelopes, daylighting/lighting, occupant comfort, ….

Ø  ~400 theses related to buildings’ research Ø  Hosting 3 of the most significant conferences in the field

every two years Ø  Interdisciplinary research with industry continuously for over

50 years (> 50 different companies) Ø  Long history of leadership within ASHRAE, IIR, etc.

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Why Purdue?●  Incomparable Faculty

Ø  3 endowed chairs, 3 fellows of ASHRAE, 1 fellow of IBPSA, 1 fellow of ISIAQ

Ø  1 NSF Career Award, 4 ASHRAE New Investigator Awards

Ø  Associate or Chief Editors for 3 of the most significant journals in the field

Ø  Expertise spanning the field including building components, sub-systems, systems, controls, indoor air quality, lighting, …

Ø  >$2M in annual funding

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CHPB Faculty Research AreasProfessor Primary Research Activities Jim Braun Modeling, analysis, and optimization with applications to: Intelligent

Controls, Automated Diagnostics, Component & System Improvements, Building Simulation Tools

Stuart Bolton Noise Control, Sound Absorbing Materials & Systems, Sound Propagation & Transmission, Source Characterization, & Sound Field Visualization & Simulation

Qingyan Chen CFD for air flow in & around buildings with applications to: Indoor Air Quality, Homeland Security, Energy Analysis

George Chiu Dynamic Systems and Control, Mechatronics, Embedded Systems and Real-Time Control

Patricia Davies Impacts of Noise on People: Annoyance, Speech Interference, Sleep Disturbance; Sound Quality & Sound Perception. System Identification and Signal Processing.

Eckhard Groll Experiments and modeling with applications to: Alternative Refrigeration Technologies, Natural Refrigerants, Component & System Performance

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CHPB Faculty Research AreasProfessor Primary Research Activities Travis Horton Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps, Building Energy Performance

Analysis

Jianghai Hu Multi-agent systems; control of uncertain systems; energy efficient building management

Neera Jain Dynamic modeling and optimal control applied to building systems and equipment

Panagiota Karava Mixed-Mode Buildings, Building-Integrated Solar Energy Systems, Buildings Systems Modeling and Identification, Model-Predictive Control, Human-Building Interactions

Robert Proctor Human Performance, Human Factors & Human-Computer Interaction, & Experimental Research Methods

Ming Qu Solar Systems, Intelligent Controls, Absorption Systems

Thanos Tzempelikos Building Envelope, Lighting and Daylighting, Dynamic Facades, Thermal and Visual Comfort, Building Simulation

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CHPB Research Thrusts

Testbeds

Indoor Environment &

Human Perception

Building Tech. & Systems

Building Envelopes Lighting & Daylighting Comfort Delivery Modeling, Design Tools Optimal Building Controls Automated Diagnostics Renewable Energy System Optimization

Equipment • Compressors • Heat Pumps • Refrigerants • CHP • Geothermal Technology • Modeling & Testing • Appliances

• Comfort, Productivity, Human Health

• Indoor Air Quality • Prediction Models • Personalized Control • Interfaces

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Why Purdue?●  Incomparable Facilities

Ø  New $31.5M building with one-of-a-kind capabilities to study comfort delivery, occupant response, HVAC&R equipment, and integrated systems

Ø  Existing facilities at old Herrick that are complementary to new facilities

Ø  Reconfigurable facilities within the Architectural Engineering program located at Bowen to study building envelopes, daylighting controls, renewable energy, …

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Old Herrick FacilitiesTwo Large Environmental Chambers •  Tes?ng of AC, HP and Refrig. Systems •  -‐20 C to + 50 C, < 5-‐ton equipment •  Steady-‐state and cyclic tes?ng of exis?ng, modified, or new equipment designs

90-‐ton Centrifugal Chiller •  Automated control of boundary condi?ons

Heat Exchanger Test Facility •  Tes?ng of coiling coils, hea?ng coils, evaporators, condensers

•  Capable of controlled heat exchanger fouling Compressor Test Facili?es •  CO2, R22, R410a Load Stands •  Compressor Calorimeter

Noise and Vibra?on Laboratory •  Noise source iden?fica?on •  Sound quality facility

Refrigeration Coil

ElectricResistance Heaters

10,000 CFM Blowers (2-blower wheels)

SteamInjector

Perforated Floor

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Old Herrick FacilitiesIndoor Environmental Chamber

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Architectural Engineering Facilities at Bowen• Full-‐scale offices to study the impact of envelope systems and façade/ligh?ng/thermal controls on energy use and indoor environment

• Testing facility for MPC strategies in buildings with mixed-mode cooling

• BIPV/T tes?ng facility •  Concentrating solar collectors with

absorption cooling

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New CHPB Facilities•  Perception-Based Engineering Laboratory: study combined

impacts of lighting, acoustics, air quality, temperature, humidity and air flow on occupant perceptions and performance

•  Psychrometric Rooms – Two pairs of rooms with extended temperature and humidity ranges and capacity compared to existing rooms at Old Herrick

•  Geothermal Ground Loop: Allows testing for model validation, control algorithms, equipment coupling, alternative bore designs, etc.

•  Indoor Air Quality Room – Reproduces and expands capabilities compared to Old Herrick

•  Living Laboratories: fully-instrumented occupied laboratory offices with reconfigurable facades, comfort delivery, primary equipment, and controls to allow testing for impacts of new building technologies on energy and occupant performance

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CHPB Facilities

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Perception-Based Engineering LabPBE Laboratory

PBE Lab Control Room

PBE Lab Features: 1. Accessible ceiling, 2. Observation panel, 3. 2-‐D shaker table, 4. Recon>igurable walls/room, 5. Overhead doors, 6. Recon>igurable overhead utilities, 7. Recon>igurable lighting, 8. South facing daylight exposure aligned with recon>igurable window/wall in lab, 9. Control room and subject reception area.

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Living Laboratories

Air Living Laboratory

Hydronic Living Laboratory

Recon2igurable Features with Opportunities for: 1. Double Skin Façade, 2. Integrated PV, 3. Advanced Glazing Materials, 4. Natural Ventilation, 5. Controllable Glazing: Visible Light Transmittance and Thermal Performance, 6. Under>loor Air Distribution (Air) or Radiant Floor Heating (Hydronic), 7. Personnel Ventilation Control (Air) or Integrated Thermal Mass (Hydronic), 8. Primary Air System with Broad Delivery Range (Air) or Radiant Ceiling Panels (Hydronic), 9. Overhead Air Distribution (Air) or Active and Passive Chilled Beams (Hydronic), 10. Overhead Light Fixtures (Air) or Displacement Ventilation (Hydronic), 11.Wall Light Fixtures (Air) or Overhead Light Fixtures (Hydronic), 12. Task Fixtures (Air) or Wall Light Fixtures (Hydronic), 13. Task Fixtures (Hydronic)

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CHPB Industrial Members Program Proposal

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Overview of CHPB Members Program Proposal

•  Membership fees and guidance to support research of general interest to member companies

•  Opportunity to leverage collaborative funding with no university overhead to work on problems of common interest

•  Early access to other non-proprietary (e.g., government funded) research results

•  Access to general-purpose software outputs•  Opportunity to license IP

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Overview of CHPB Members Program Proposal

•  Opportunity to hire talented CHPB students trained in application areas of interest to member companies

•  Opportunity to establish short-term testing agreements using CHPB facilities and staff

•  Opportunity to identify partnerships/teams for establishing proprietary or government-industry-academic research contracts using CHPB staff, students, and facilities

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Comparison to Existing University Centers

•  University of Illinois: ACRC–  Emphasis on heat transfer and components–  Initiated through NSF I/UCRC program

•  University of Maryland: CEEE–  Emphasis on components and primary cooling

equipment–  Collection of consortia: alternative cooling

technologies, advanced heat exchangers, electronics cooling, …

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Comparison to Existing University Centers

•  UC-Berkeley: CBE–  Emphasis on occupant comfort and comfort delivery

systems

•  Purdue: CHPB–  Expertise and facilities to study occupant comfort,

comfort delivery, components, primary equipment, sub-systems, building envelopes, controls, automated diagnostics, integrated systems, ..

–  Integrated building systems and range of expertise/test beds are differentiators

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CHPB Members Research •  Needs to be pre-competitive or have broad value

across industry segments–  Generating better understanding of processes or

technologies or new fundamental knowledge–  Helping to build the business case for new/evolving

technology–  Development of general modeling approaches and/or

software tools–  Tracking and assessing technology responses to new

regulations or standards–  Tracking of technology and commercial product

developments–  ????

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Example CHPB Research Topics●  Equipment

Ø  Vapor compression cycle enhancements to achieve future energy efficiency standards

Ø  New compression technologies

Ø  Assessment of future refrigerant alternatives

Ø  Non-vapor compression heat pumping technologies

Ø  Smart devices and equipment (e.g., compressors, valves, heat exchangers, pumps, air conditioners, heat pumps, home appliances) to enable the “Internet of Things”

Ø  Small-scale CHP for distributed energy generation and waste heat recovery

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Example CHPB Research Topics●  Building Technology and Systems

Ø  Assessments of advanced materials and envelopes for buildings (variable-property windows/walls; transparent insulation; intelligent walls/windows, ..)

Ø  Smart enclosure elements (e.g., walls, windows, floors, ceilings)

Ø  Plug-and-play optimal controls and diagnostics

Ø  Plug-and-play building components and sub-systems to enable modular, intelligent, pre-fabricated buildings that are customizable – “Lego Buildings”

Ø  Alternative approaches for delivery comfort to occupants à e.g., radiant technology

Ø  Big data analytics to detect anomalies, diagnosis problems, recommend service/retrofits, etc.

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Example CHPB Research Topics●  IEQ and Human Perception

Ø  Fast indoor air modeling to enable better design and assessment of controls

Ø  Evaluation of occupant responses to different approaches for comfort delivery (e.g., radiant vs. natural convection vs. forced convection)

Ø  Develop a fundamental understanding of combined impacts of thermal, air quality, acoustic, lighting conditions on occupant satisfaction, performance, and health

Ø  Overall occupant performance models to enable consideration of tradeoffs between energy and occupant performance

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CHPB Membership Potential•  Equipment

–  Compressors, Heat Exchangers, Valves, Primary Cooling and Heating Equipment, AHUs, ….

•  Building Technology and Systems–  Insulation, curtain wall, ceiling tiles, raised floor, PCM, lighting,

furniture, … –  Controls, maintenance, …–  Utilities–  End-use customers

•  Indoor Environment and Human Perception–  Most of the above–  NIH, ASHRAE, ..

•  Target Membership: 30-40 companies

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CHPB Members Participation

•  Fall Meeting – One Day– Update on current research projects– Generate research ideas based on industry

needs•  Spring Meeting – One Day

– Members committee votes on faculty proposals for next years’ research (multiple votes for each member company that can be split among proposals)

– Update on research projects

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Member Fees and Benefits•  $50K per year membership fees ($30K for companies with

less than 100 employees)•  Member Benefits

–  1 vote per $10K in annual membership fees for recommending members research projects (votes can be split among proposals)

–  Up to 3 participants from each company at spring and fall research review meetings

–  Opportunity to license technology developed from members research

–  Research results in the form of reports and presentation materials–  General purpose software resulting from CHPB members research–  Student recruiting: 1) insider knowledge of capabilities; 2) specific

training in application areas of interest to companies; 3) technology transfer through hiring

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Proposed IP Policy–  Purdue owns any IP resulting from members’

sponsored research–  CHPB will furnish members a disclosure of intellectual

property developed by member research projects within two months of development

–  Each member will have an option, within 90 days of receiving disclosure, to a nonexclusive, nontransferable, royalty-bearing, paid-up license

–  The paid-up license fee will be each members portion of all costs and fees for patent protection (for those members opting for the license)

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CHPB Status and TimelineDates Descrip+on

Nov. 6, 2014 CHPB Workshop to explore industry membership: more than 30 par?cipants with representa?on from 16 different organiza?ons covering a range of building-‐related products, including windows, ligh?ng, building materials, equipment, controls, etc.; posi?ve feedback for moving forward

Nov-‐Feb, 2015 Develop website and promo?onal materials

Feb-‐June, 2015 Follow up with companies à provide needed materials (CHPB background, benefits, terms, membership agreement)

Apr– Sep, 2015 Obtain financial commitments from member companies à sign 1-‐year membership agreement

Early June, 2015 Another CHPB Workshop for poten?al industrial members

Nov, 2015 CHPB mee?ng with members to establish ini?al research agenda

Jan, 2016 Launch CHPB membership program

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Next Steps•  Industry Partners

–  Feedback to CHPB team–  Promote CHPB within company

•  CHPB–  Promote CHPB membership program with other

companies–  Develop and share membership agreement–  Sign up company members

center&for&&& high&performance&buildings&(chpb)& · among the...

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