CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS AT PENN STATE

ONSTAGE

Do

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ee, T

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Ban

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Nancy VanLandingham, chairLam Hood, vice chair

William AsburyPatricia Best

Lynn Sidehamer BrownPhilip Burlingame

Alfred Jones Jr.Deb Latta

Eileen LeibowitzEllie Lewis

Christine Lichtig

Mary Ellen LitzingerBonnie MarshallPieter OuwehandMelinda StearnsSusan SteinbergLillian UpcraftPat WilliamsNina Woskob

student representativeJesse Scott

Community Advisory CounCilThe Community Advisory Council is dedicated to strengthening

the relationship between the Center for the Performing Arts and the community. Council members participate in a range

of activities in support of this objective.

Today’s performance is sponsored by

Gay d. dunne and James H. dunne

CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS AT PENN STATE

presents

tafelmusik Baroque orchestra Jeanne lamon, director

The Galileo Project:Music of the Spheres

Conceived, programmed, and scripted by Alison Mackay

Glenn Davidson, production designerMarshall Pynkoski, stage director

John Percy, astronomical consultantShaun Smyth, narrator

7:30 p.m. Wednesday, November 5, 2014Schwab Auditorium

The performance includes one intermission.

This presentation is a component of the Center for the Performing Arts Classical Music Project. With support from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the proj-

ect provides opportunities to engage students, faculty, and the community with classical music artists and programs. Marica Tacconi, Penn State professor of

musicology and Carrie Jackson, Penn State associate professor of German and linguistics, provide faculty leadership for the curriculum and academic

components of the grant project.

sponsors

Gay D. Dunne and James H. Dunne

support provided by

Nina C. Brown Endowment

media sponsor

WPSU

The Center for the Performing Arts at Penn State receives state arts funding support through a grant from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, a state

agency funded by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the National Endowment for the Arts, a federal agency.

The Galileo Project: Music of the SpheresThe Harmony of the Spheres I

Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741)

Allegro—Largo Concerto for 2 violins in A Major, Op. 3, No. 5

Music from PhaetonJean-Baptiste Lully

(1632–1687)

OvertureSuite des quatre saisons (Dances for the four seasons)

Entrée des furies (Entrance of the furies)Chaconne

Music from the Time of GalileoClaudio Monteverdi

(1567–1643)

Ritornello from OrfeoCiaccona after Zefiro torna

Tarquinio Merula(1595–1665)

Ciaccona

Michelangelo Galilei(1575–1631)

Toccata for solo lute from Il primo libro d’intavolatura di liuto

Biagio Marini(1594–1663)

Passacaglia

Claudio Monteverdi(1567–1643)

Moresca from Orfeo

INTERMISSION

ProGrAm

Henry Purcell(1659–1695)

Song Tune “See, even Night herself is here” from Fairy QueenRondeau from Abdelazer

The Dresden Festival of the PlanetsJean-Philippe Rameau

(1683–1764)

“Entrée de Jupiter (Entrance of Jupiter)” from Hippolyte et Aricie

George Frideric Handel(1685–1759)

Allegro from Concerto grosso in D Major, Op. 3, No. 6

Jean-Philippe Rameau(1683–1764)

“Entrée de Venus (Entrance of Venus)” from Les surprises de l’Amour

Georg Philipp Telemann(1681–1767)

Allegro from Concerto for 4 violins in D Major

Jan Dismas Zelenka(1679–1745)

Adagio ma non troppo from Sonata in F Major, ZWV 181/1

Jean-Philippe Rameau(1683–1764)

“Entrée de Mercure (Entrance of Mercury)” from Platée

Jean-Baptiste Lully(1632–1687)

“Air pour les suivants de Saturne (Air for the followers of Saturn)” from Phaeton

Silvius Leopold Weiss(1687–1750)

Allegro from Concerto for lute in C Major

Anonymous, 18th century

“The Astronomer’s Drinking Song”

The Harmony of the Spheres II

Johann Sebastian Bach(1685–1750)

Sinfonia “Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern(How Bright Appears the Morning Star)” after BWV 1

Sinfonia after BWV 29

The Galileo Project: Music of the SpheresBY ALISON MACKAY

The Galileo Project: Music of the Spheres was created by Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra in 2009, in honor of the International Year of Astronomy and the 400th anniversary of Galileo’s devel-opment and use of the astronomical telescope.

The performance uses music, words, and images to explore the artistic, cultural, and scientific world in which seventeenth- and eighteenth-century astronomers lived and worked.

In sixteenth-century Florence, Italy, the house of lutenist and composer Vincenzo Galilei was a fertile breeding ground for important innovations in the realms of music and science. Vincenzo’s experiments with the expressive power of accompanied solo song influenced the creation of opera as a musical form, and the style of music that we now describe as baroque.

Vincenzo also conducted repeated trials under controlled conditions with lute strings to find the mathematical formu-las that express the relationships among length, tension, and musical pitch. He is thought to have been assisted by his oldest son, Galileo Galilei, a bril-liant young teacher of mathematics who went on to apply his expertise to world-changing discoveries about the universe.

Galileo inherited his spirit of scientific inquiry and a love of playing the lute from his father. It seems fitting that a musical tribute honors the astronomer, whose intellectual and artistic vitality stemmed from a place where music and science intersected. Performances of The Galileo Project have brought Tafelmusik into contact with scientists, stargazers, and music lovers in many diverse communities around the world.

Ancient civilizations depended on an awareness of the natural world for their livelihood and survival, and enjoyed an intimate relationship with the daily, monthly, and yearly patterns of the night sky. The Greeks and Romans iden-tified characters in their mythological stories with planets and stars, giving them names that are still used today. In Ovid’s story of Phaeton, the impetuous son of the sun god Apollo, the minutes, hours, days, and seasons are personified as denizens of the palace of the sun.

At Versailles, the French “Sun King” Louis XIV, created his own palace of the sun, a building that strongly reflected the cosmology of the ancient world in its statuary and decoration. Jean-Baptiste Lully, the resident composer at the Palace of Versailles, wrote some of his most magnificent music for his opera Phaeton. We include excerpts from the opera in the concert as an example of the cultural inheritance that the world of baroque music received from the obser-vations of ancient stargazers.

The first important opera, Claudio Mon-teverdi’s Orfeo, was composed in 1607 and published in Venice in 1609—the year Galileo travelled from Padua to Venice—to offer his newly created tele-scope as a gift to the Venetian Doge. Monteverdi and Galileo were exact con-temporaries and near the end of their lives, Galileo arranged for Monteverdi to procure a beautiful Cremonese violin (probably built by Nicolo Amati) for his nephew Alberto Galilei. Alberto was the son of Galileo’s brother Michelangelo, who composed the lute solo in the first half of the program. Monteverdi, Tarquinio Merula, and Biagio Marini were the most important composers in Galileo’s world and Tafelmusik presents some of their most beautiful works as a backdrop to his own account of his dis-covery of the moons of Jupiter and the events that followed.

In spite of the efforts of the inquisition to suppress Galileo’s discoveries and writings, his influence was soon felt throughout Europe and the telescope

was adopted as a tool for astronomi-cal research. English astronomer, Isaac Newton, was born within a year of Galileo’s death and was buried in 1727 in Westminster Abbey near the tomb of Henry Purcell. This period saw the establishment of a Royal Observatory in Greenwich, Newton’s own creation of the reflecting telescope, his discoveries about the properties of refracted light, and his development of the principles of universal gravitation.

Newton used the musical analogy of a seven-note scale to explain the seven colors of the rainbow, but unlike Gali-leo, he does not appear to have been a music lover. After attending a concert by George Frideric Handel, he complained that there was nothing to admire except the elasticity of his fingers.

Handel created more of a sensation when he traveled from his adopted country of England to his homeland of Germany, in order to play at a glittering royal wedding celebration in September 1719. It was a month-long Festival of the Planets in Dresden featuring numer-ous operas, balls, outdoor events, and concerts in honor of each of the known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Uranus was not included; it was discovered in 1781 by oboist, organist, composer, and amateur astronomer, Sir William Herschel who, like Handel, had moved to England from Hanover. Herschel also built the largest and finest telescopes of his day, cata-logued nebulae, and discovered infrared radiation with the help of his musician sister Caroline, the discoverer of several comets.

There are detailed archives of the musical events at the 1719 Festival of the Planets. Handel and Georg Philipp Telemann—who was living in Frankfurt at the time—joined the renowned musi-cians employed by Augustus the Strong in Dresden, including double bass player Jan Dismas Zelenka and lutenist Silvius Leopold Weiss. Tafelmusik presents excerpts by all four composers. The orchestra is grateful to Lucas Harris

for his reconstruction of Weiss’s Lute Concerto in C Major. All that survives of the original is the solo lute part; the title page confirms that two violins, viola, and violoncello accompanied the lute. Harris composed the missing parts.

The program begins and ends with reflections on the ancient concept of the music of the spheres, created by a heavenly ensemble of planets and stars making music together as they move through space. The concert’s opening speech from The Merchant of Venice contains Lorenzo’s beautiful expression of this idea: “There’s not the smallest orb which thou behold’st but in his motion like an angel sings, still quiring to the young-eyed cherubins.”

The subject was treated extensively in Harmonices Mundi (The Harmony of the World, 1619) by Johannes Kepler, who used the formulas from his laws of plan-etary motion to derive musical intervals and short melodies associated with each planet. We perform these short tunes on their own, and then weave them into the chorale tune “Wie Schön Leuchtet der Morgenstern (How Bright Appears the Morning Star).”

This is followed by music adapted from opening sinfonia of Johann Sebastian Bach’s cantata of the same name, BWV 1, and from the opening sinfonia of Bach’s Cantata BWV 29. Tafelmusik chose Bach’s works to end the concert because each speaks profoundly and eloquently of what lies at the heart of the International Year of Astronomy—a celebration of the wonders of the cosmos and the achievements of the human spirit.

©Alison Mackay / Tafelmusik 2012

tAFElmusiK BAroQuE orCHEstrAHailed as “one of the world’s top baroque orchestras” by Gramophone magazine, Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra was founded in 1979 by Kenneth Solway and Susan Graves, and has been under the inspired leadership of Music Director and Concert-master Jeanne Lamon since 1981. At the heart of Tafelmusik is a group of talented and dynamic permanent members, each of whom is a specialist in historical per-formance practice. Delighting audiences worldwide for more than three decades, Toronto-based Tafelmusik reaches millions of people through its touring, critically acclaimed recordings, broadcasts, new media, and artistic community partnerships. The vitality of Tafelmusik’s vision clearly resonates with its audiences in Toronto, where the orchestra performs more than fifty concerts each year for a passionate and dedicated following. Tafelmusik maintains a strong presence both nationally and on the world stage, performing in more than 350 cities in 32 countries.

Tafelmusik has released over seventy-five CDs on the Analekta, Sony Classical, CBC Records, BMG Classics, Hyperion, and Collegium labels, and has been awarded numerous international recording prizes, including nine JUNO Awards. In 2012 Tafelmusik announced the creation of its own label, Tafelmusik Media, and has released a number of new and past recordings including live-performance CDs of Handel Messiah and Beethoven Eroica Symphony, and DVDs of three of Tafelmusik’s most popular performance events: Sing-Along Messiah and Alison Mackay’s The Galileo Project and House of Dreams.

The Galileo Project premiered in Banff and Toronto in January 2009, and has toured across Canada, United States, Mexico, Malaysia, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. The orchestra was honored by the International Astronomical Union, which named an asteroid after Tafelmusik in recognition of the project.

Visit www.tafelmusik.org for more information.

Sia

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orCHEstrAViolin

Jeanne Lamon, Patricia Ahern, Thomas Georgi, Aisslinn Nosky, Christopher Verrette, Julia Wedman, Cristina Zacharias

ViolaPatrick G. Jordan, Stefano Marcocchi

VioloncelloChristina Mahler, Allen Whear

Double BassAlison Mackay

OboeJohn Abberger, Marco Cera

BassoonDominic Teresi

Lute/GuitarLucas Harris

HarpsichordOlivier Fortin

Technical DirectorGlenn Davidson

Lighting DirectorRaha Javanfar

Production AssistantC. J. Astronomo

Tour and Stage ManagerBeth Anderson

JEANNE LAMON Since 1981, Jeanne Lamon has been music director of Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra and has been praised by critics in Europe and North America for her strong musical leadership. She won numerous awards, including honorary Doctorates of Letters from Mount Saint Vincent Universities and the University of Toronto; and the prestigious Molson Prize from the Canada Council for the Arts. In 2000, Lamon was appointed a member of the Order of Canada and in 2014, to the Order of Ontario. Lamon is in demand as guest direc-tor of symphony orchestras in North America and abroad. She is pas-sionate about teaching emerging artists and is adjunct professor at the University of Toronto. In June 2014, Lamon stepped down as full-time music director of Tafelmusik, in order to devote more time to teach-ing, guest directing, and pursuing various hobbies. She will continue to work with Tafelmusik as chief artistic advisor until a new music director is appointed.

ALISON MACKAYAlison Mackay has played the violone and double bass with Tafelmusik since 1979. She has been active in the creation of cross-cultural and multi-disciplinary projects for the orches-tra, including The Four Seasons, a Cycle of the Sun; Metamorphosis; Chariots of Fire; Bach in Leipzig; House of Dreams; and The Galileo Project. Her musical tale of adven-ture The Quest for Arundo Donax was awarded the 2006 JUNO award for Children’s Recording of the Year. She has also created three

multi-media shows for The Toronto Consort: The Da Vinci Codex, The Ambassadors, and A Woman’s Life. This season sees the launch of two new programs created by Mackay: Paris Confidential, with Toronto Consort, and J. S. Bach: The Circle of Creation, with Tafelmusik.

SHAUN SMYTHActor Shaun Smyth is honored to have been part of The Galileo Project since its initial development at The Banff Centre and has performed this program on tour in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Smyth works across Canada in both theatre and film and has more than seventy-four film and television credits. He has been nominated for four Betty Mitchell and Dora Mavor Moore Awards for acting, and is the recipient of two Tyrone Guthrie Awards. Highlights of his work include Playing with Fire: The Theo Fleury Story, for which he won a Betty Mitchell Award for best performance and the Calgary Critics Award; One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, for which he was nominated for a Betty Mitchell Award for best actor; The Glass Menagerie, Rock ‘n’ Roll, Of Mice and Men, Trainspotting; and two seasons performing at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival (Canada). His most recent television credits include The Witches of East End, Almost Human, Once Upon a Time in Wonderland, The Killing, and FRINGE. Smyth earned a B.F.A. in acting from the University of Alberta. He is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and was raised in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

BioGrAPHiEs

THE GALILEO PROJECT: MUSIC OF THE SPHERES imAGE CrEditsWe are deeply grateful to Alan Dyer for making a stunning collection of his images available for this concert, and to the Canadian Planetarium Consortium for the use of its Galileo animations.

1. Hubble Ultra Deep Field Flythrough: NASA, ESA, and F. Summers (STScI)

2. Full Moon: Alan Dyer

3. Owl and Night Sky: A. Dyer

Palace of the Sun montage4. A Perfect Storm of Turbulent Gases: ESA/NASA/Jeff Hester (Arizona State University)

5. Light and Shadow in the Carina Nebula: NASA/ESA, The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI)

6. Giant “Twisters” in the Lagoon Nebula: A. Caulet (ST-ECF, ESA) and NASA

7. The Eagle Nebula: J. Hester & Paul Scowen (Arizona State University), NASA/ESA

8. New Stars Shed Light on the Past: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team, STScI-ESA/HUBBLE Collaboration

9. Demise in Ice and Fire: ESA/NASA and Albert Zijlstra

10. Orion in Miniature: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (STScI/ESA), and The Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team

11. Starburst Galaxy Messier 82: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI)J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI) and P. Puxley (NSF)

12. Hubble’s Sharpest View of the Orion Nebula: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (STScI/ESA), and The Hubble Space Orion Treasury Project Team

13. Journey to the Centre of the Sun: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen)

14. Venus and Moon: A. Dyer

15. Summer Solstice Twilight: A. Dyer

16. Big Dipper over Castle Mountain: A. Dyer

17. Orion’s Belt: A. Dyer

18. Orion over Lake Louise: A. Dyer

19. Great Balls of Fire: Yves Grosdidier (Université de Montréal and Observatoire de Strasbourg), Anthony Moffat (Université de Montréal), Gilles Joncas (Univer sité Laval), Agnes Acker (Observatoire de Strasbourg), and NASA/ESA

20. Zooming on the Veil Nebula: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser and L. L. Christensen), NOAO, Akira Fujii

21. Red Giant Sun: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser and L. L. Christensen)

22. Star Cluster: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser and L. L. Christensen)

23. Comet Hale-Bopp: A. Dyer

24. Comet Hale-Bopp and Owl: A. Dyer

25. Comet McNaught: A. Dyer

26. Clock Face, San Marco Venice: iStockphoto

27. Glowing Eye of Nebula NGC 6751: NASA/ESA, The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI)

28. Eye Looking through Lens: Ben Chaisson

29. Moon Page Video: Canadian Planetarium Consortium

30. Central Milky Way: A. Dyer

31. Orion M42: A. Dyer

32. Galileo Moon Page Video: Canadian Planetarium Consortium

33. Jupiter and Moons: A. Dyer

34. Rare Triple Eclispe on Jupiter: NASA, ESA, and E Karkoschka (University of Arizona)

35. Kepler’s Supernova Remnant: NASA, ESA, The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI)

36. Double Star Cluster: NASA, ESA, and Martino Romaniello (European Southern Observatory, Germany)

37. Full Moon: A. Dyer

38. Last Quarter Moon: A. Dyer

39. Portrait of Galileo, Justus Sustermans, 1631: Art Resource

40. Zooming in on Orion: ESA/Hubble, Rob Gendler, and A. Fujii

41. Triangulum Galaxy: Stuart Heggie

42. Intermission Image—Pismus 24: ESA/Hubble and Jesús Maz Apellániz (Instituto de astrofisica de Andalucia, Spain)

43. Wide Field View of the Perseus Constellation: A. Fujii

44. Orion Rising: A. Dyer

45. Earth Rotating: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser and L. L. Christensen)

46. Crab Nebula: NASA, ESA, and Allison Loll/J. Hester (Arizona State University) Acknowledgement: Davide De Martin (ESA/Hubble)

47. Portrait of Isaac Newton: Art Resource

48. Complete View of Jupiter with Auroras: John Clarke (University of Michigan) and NASA/ESA

49. Red Spots on Jupiter: NASA, ESA, M. Wong, and I. de Pater (University of California, Berkeley)

50. Hubble Monitors Jupiter: NASA/ESA, The Hubble Heritage Team Acknowledgement: H. Weaver (The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), and A. Simon-Miller (NASA/GSFC)

51. Transit of Mercury: A. Dyer

52. Venus Cloud Tops: L. Esposito (University of Colorado, Boulder) and NASA/ESA

53. Saturn in Natural Colours: Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA/ESA) 

54. A Zoom into the Heart of Comet Holmes: A. Fujii, A. Dyer, NASA, ESA, and H. Weaver (The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory)

55. Extreme Star Cluster: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), ESA/Hubble Collaboration

56. Nicolaus Copernicus: B. Chaisson

57. Galileo Galilei: B. Chaisson

58. Isaac Newton: B. Chaisson

59. Johannes Kepler: B. Chaisson

60. Venus Rising in Winter Sky: A. Dyer

Front cover photos: 1. Regina Carter © 2010 Rahav Segev/Photopass.com 2. Cirque Alfonse in Timber! Frederic Barrette 3. Joshua Roman © Tina Su 4. MAMMA MIA! MAMMA MIA! North American Tour © 2013 Kevin Thomas Garcia 5. Brian Stokes Mitchell © Richard Termine 6. Takács Quartet © Ellen Appel 7. Aspen Santa Fe Ballet Rosalie O’Connor 8. BASETRACK Live 9. Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra in The Galileo Project Glenn Davidson 10. SpokFrevo Orquestra 11. Ani Kavafian, Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center Bernard Midich

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Final Image Sequence61. Ghost Head Nebula: ESA, NASA, and Mohammad Heydari-Malayeri

(Observatoire de Paris, France)

62. Stellar Fireworks: NASA, ESA, A. Aloisi (STScI/ESA), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) ESA/Hubble Collaboration

63. Eta Carinae: J. Hester (Arizona State University), NASA/ESA

64. Cassiopeia: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) ESA/Hubble Collaboration. Acknowledgement: Robert A. Fesen (Dartmouth College) and James Long (ESA/Hubble)

65. Monoceratis: NASA, The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STscI), and ESA

66. Nebula NGC 2392: NASA, ESA, Andrew Fruchter (STScI), and The Early Release Observations Team (STScI and ST-ECF)

67. Uncovering the Veil Nebula: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) ESA/Hubble Collaboration. Acknowledgement: J. Hester (Arizona State University)

Final Video Sequence 68. Zoom on Pismis 24-1: Credit: Akira Fujii, Digitized Sky Survey 2, Robert Gendler and

Martin Pugh (www.robgendlerastropics.com), www.astroworks.com, and ESA/Hubble

69. Galaxy: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser and L. L. Christensen)

70. Star Cluster: ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser and L. L. Christensen)

71. Final Image—Pinwheel Galaxy: ESA and NASA

72. Post-Concert Image—Galaxy NGC 253: Carnegie Institution of Washington

AbbreviationsESA European Space Agency

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

STScI Space Telescope Science Institute

AURA Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy

ST-ECF Space Telescope—European Coordinating Facility

NSF National Science Foundation

NOAO National Optical Astronomy Observatory

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Nina C. Brown EndowmentPamela M. Aikey

Richard Robert Brown Program EndowmentRichard Brown and Sandra Zaremba

Norma and Ralph Condee Chamber Music EndowmentRobert and Dorothy CecilWilliam F. and Kathleen Dierkes Condee

Honey and Bill Jaffe EndowmentHoney and Bill Jaffe

McQuaide Blasko EndowmentMr. and Mrs. James Horne

Penn State International Dance Ensemble EndowmentElizabeth Hanley and Patrick Kolivoski

John and Michelle GroenveldLee Grover and Anita BearSteven L. Herb and

Sara Willoughby-HerbAnne and Lynn HutchesonHoney and Bill JaffeBrian and Christina JohnsonMichael P. Johnson and

Maureen MulderigCindy and Al JonesNicholas and Carolyn KelloRobert Martin and Kathy WeaverKathleen D. Matason and

Richard M. SmithRandi and Peter MenardDr. Marla L. MoonWilson and Maureen MosesWilliam and Annemarie MountzLarry and Kelly MrozJack and Sue PorembaSally L. SchaadtDavid and Ann Shallcross-WolfgangDan and Melinda StearnsDennis W. and Joan S. ThomsonDan and Linda TreviñoBarbara R. and Joel A. WeissCharlotte Zmyslo

visionEnriching lives through inspiring experiences

missionThe Center for the Performing Arts provides a context, through artistic connections, to the human experience. By bringing artists and audiences together we spark discovery of passion, inspira-tion, and inner truths. We are a motivator for creative thinking and examination of our relationship with the world.