Census, Map, and Museum in the 19th Century U.S.

English 349: 19th Century U.S. LiteratureSiena Heights UniversityMatthew Mace Barbee

Census Categories, 1790-1910Years Categories1790-1810 Census Taker interviewed “head of household” and counted people as “White,” “Free” or “Slave.”

NOTE: only male head of household listed by name; others listed by age

1820-1840 Census Taker interviewed “head of household” and counted people as “White,” “Free Colored,” “Slave,” or “Foreigner Not Naturalized.”NOTE: only male head of household listed by name; others listed by age

1850-1860 Census Taker interviewed “head of household” and counted people as “White,” “Free Colored,” “Slave,” or “Foreigner Not Naturalized.”NOTE: only male head of household listed by name; others listed by ageRace Identified by census take as “White,” “Mulatto,” or “Black.”NOTE: for the first time free people are listed by name; slaves continue to be listed by age and identified by their owner.

1870-1880 Race Identified by census taker as: “White,” “Mulatto,” “Black,” “Indian” (Native American) or “Chinese.” Chinese stood for all people of East Asian descent.

1890 Race Identified by census taker as: “White,” “Black,” “Mulatto,” “Quadroon,” “Octoroon,” “Indian” (Native American), “Japanese” or “Chinese.”

1900 Race Identified by census taker as: “White,” “Black,” “Quadroon,” “Octoroon,” “Indian” (Native American), “Japanese” or “Chinese.” Native Americans were asked a separate set of questions which inquired about tribe and “fraction of a person’s lineage that is white.”

1910 Race Identified by census taker as: “White,” “Black,” “Mulatto,” “Quadroon,” “Octoroon,” “Indian” (Native American), “Japanese,” “Chinese” or “Other.”Native Americans were asked a separate set of questions which inquired about tribe and the percentage of the person’s lineage which was white, black, or Native American.Respondents were asked to state their “mother tongue.”

"Through the Decades." Census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Web. 28 Aug. 2011

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