Cenozoic LifeAge of Flowers &

Mammals

Oceans

Similar to Mesozoic……with new predators

Sharks Diversify:Megalodon

Sharks Diversify:Megalodon

Birds: Diatry

maphororhachids

Diatrymidae

Titanis & Hipparian

Birds Move to the Water

Angiosperm Diversifica

tion

The Oligocene Rise of Grass

Herbs&

Weeds

Grasses/Herbsled to coevolution of:

1. Grazers - modifications to:1. Teeth2. Four-chambered stomach3. Shape of the Head4. Legs - faster runners (hooved animals)

2. Predators - adapted to hunting in the open (speed)3. Rodents and Songbirds - grain eaters4. Snakes - predators adapted to hunting in burrows

Grass, Rodents & Birds

Snakes

Mammal Evolution

Monotremes

Multituberculates

MarsupialsEutheria

(Placentals)

Placenta

Live Birth

Early Mammals

Late Jurassic

Cretaceous

Cretaceous

Mammal Phylogeny

MonotremesEgg-Laying Mammals

EchidnaPlatypus

Multituberculates:Extinct Line of

MammalsTaeniolabis

Placenta:Modified Amniotic

Membrane

Marsupials

Pouched Mammals

Cretaceous Marsupials: Alphadon

Pliocene Marsupials: Procoptodon

Convergent

Evolution

Eutheria

Mammal Phylogeny

Rodents

Ungulates (Hooved Animals)

Perissodactyls(Odd-Toed Ungulates)

Horses - Tapirs - Rhinos

Hipparion

Merychippus

Wooly Rhino - Coelodonta

Blue Lake Rhino

Artiodactyls (Even-toes Ungulates)

Cows - Camels - Deer - Hippos - Pigs - Giraffe

Irish Elk

Proboscids

Elephants - (Gomphotheres)

Wooly Mammoths & Platybelodon

Carnivora

Creodonts

Mammals Return to the Sea:

Cetaceans, Pinepeds & Sirenians

Pakicetus &

Ambulocetus

Basilasaurus

Whale Evoluti

on

Insectivores

Primates

Mammal Phylogeny

Primate Ancestor - Tree Shrew

Primate Relations

Paleocene Primate- Plesiadapis

Eocene Primate- Notharctus