CELLULAR RESPIRATIONChapter 9 Review

In which of these organisms would you expect to find cellular respiration happening?

All of them; all living things need to make ATP for energy

Animals green plants Fungi humans bacteria

http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif

Which 2 carriers for high energy electrons are used during cellular respiration?

NADH and FADH2

Name the organelle where glucose isburned and the energy is stored as ATP

mitochondria

Which molecule acts as thelast electron acceptor to make water?

O2

How many carbons are in aPyruvic acid molecule?

3

Give the overall equation for cellular respiration

6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Compare the equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

below with the equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY → 6 O2 + C6H12O6

6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY

Cellular respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis

Name the 6 carbon molecule formed in this reaction

What happens to the Coenzyme Aafter dropping off its 2 carbons?

Citric acid

Recycles back and picks up 2 more carbons from pyruvic acid

How many ATP’s are producedfrom each molecule of glucose thatcompletes cellular respiration all the way

through the Electron transport chain?

36 ATP’s are produced

The Krebs cycle is also called the_______________ cycle.Citric acid

Which pathway generates the most energy from glucose?FERMENTATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Cellular respiration

Which stage of respiration generates the most ATP? ELECTRON TRANSPORT

Glycolysis = 2 ATP(net) Krebs cycle = 2 ATPElectron transport chain = 32 ATP (net)

Identify the part:

A = ______________

B = ______________

C = ______________

D = ________________

E = ________________

Outer membrane

inner membrane (cristae)

Intermembrane space

matrix

©Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall;

E

cytoplasm

Give the chemical equation forLactic acid fermentation

Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+

After glycolysis, which pathway willpyruvic acid follow if oxygen is present?

It will enter the Krebs cycle

Identify the 3 stages of cellular respiration:

#1 = _____________

#2 = _____________

#3 = _____________

glycolysisKrebs cycleElectron transport chain

©Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

True or FalseOnly animal cells have mitochondria

False; both plants and animals have mitochondria

How many carbons are in a glucoseMolecule?

6; C6H12O6

Give the chemical equation foralcoholic fermentation

Pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Cellular respiration begins with apathway called ______________glycolysis

Where will the citric acid that is produced here go next?

What will happen to the C’s in citric acid that came from Acetyl-CoA?

Cycle through the Krebs cycle

Released into atmosphere as CO2

After glycolysis, what determines which pathway pyruvic acid will follow?

Presence or absence of oxygen

Name the two kinds of fermentation

Lactic acid and alcoholic

True or FalseGlycolysis releases a great deal of energy.

False; only a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH

The 3 carbon molecule produced duringglycolysis is ________________Pyruvic acid

Why can’t the energy in glucosebe released in just one step?

Too much at once; most of the energy would be lost as light and heat

Where does glycolysis take place?

In the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria

How many ATP’s must be added to get glycolysis started?

2 ATP’s

Why can glycolysis supply energyto cells when oxygen is not available?

Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen

How many ATP’s are produced

during glycolysis?

4 ATP’s are produced, but it took 2 ATP’s to get started so …

net of 2 ATP’s

What problem does a cell have when itgenerates large amounts of ATP using only glycolysis?

Once all the available NAD+ carriers are filled up & glycolysis will stop

Which molecule is regenerated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP using glycolysis when oxygen is low?

NAD+

Name the 3 pathways that make up cellular respiration in order.

GlycolysisKrebs cycleElectron transport chain

Tell its location:

Where Krebs cycle happens = ___

Where is the Electron Transport Chain found = ___

H+ ions accumulate here

during electron transport = ___

Place where glycolysis

happens= ___

D

B

C

E

©Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall;

Type of fermentation used to make yogurt, cheese, saurkraut, kimchi, buttermilk, etc.

Lactic acid fermentation

The energy produced by electrons passing down the Electron Transport chain are used to move which ion into the intermembrane space?

H+ ions are pumped from the matrix and accumulate in the intermembrane space

Which parts of cellular respiration require oxygen?

Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain

Why is the Krebs cycle also calledthe citric acid cycle?

Citric acid is the first compound formedduring the Krebs cycle

Which kind of fermentation puts

the air holes in bread?

Alcoholic fermentation releasesCO2 bubbles which pop and leave holes in the bread

What is the final electron acceptorat the end of the Electron Transport Chain? oxygen

If alcoholic fermentation is what makes bread rise, why don’t we get intoxicated from eating the bread?

Alcohol evaporates during cooking

During short term exercise cells are usingwhich pathway to provide energy?

Lactic acid fermentation cellular respiration

lactic acid fermentation

What happens to the CO2

produced when pyruvic acid is

broken down? It is released into the atmosphere

What is the energy tally from 1 molecule of pyruvic acid during theKrebs cycle?4 NADH, 1FADH2 , and 1 ATP

Where is the intermembrane space in this diagram?

Which ion is moving across the membrane at the purple arrows?

A

H+

Where will the NADH

produced in this

reaction go next

if oxygen is

present?

Where will the pyruvic acid gonext if oxygen is present?

To electron transport chain

Into mitochondria and Krebs cycle

Only about 38% of the energy in glucose is recovered during cellular respiration, what happens to the rest?

released as heat; (doesn’t sound that good, but that’s more efficient than the typical car engine is at burning gasoline)

The movement of which ion acrossthe inner mitochondrial membranecauses ATP synthase to spin and makeATP? H+

Where doesthe CO2

produced here go next?released tothe atmosphere

Reactions that happen without oxygen are called _____________________

1 Calorie = ________ calories

anerobic

1000

Storage form of glucose used byanimal cells that supplies long termenergy needs

glycogen

Which molecule do cells burn forenergy once glucose and glycogen are used up? fat

Where does the Krebs cycle take place? Mitochondrial Matrix

Where is the Electron Transport Chain located?

Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

Name the 4 products of the Krebs cycle

CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

Which enzyme helper moleculereacts with pyruvic acid tofor Acetyl-CoA?

Coenzyme A OR CoA

On which side of the membrane is ATP produced during theElectron Transport Chain reactions?

Mitochondrial matrix

What happens to pyruvic acid

during the Krebs cycle?

It is broken down into carbon dioxidein a series of steps

Because fermentation does NOT require oxygen it is said to be__________________anaerobic

A marathon runner needing energy for an EXTENDED PERIOD of time is getting his/her ATP from ___________________

A. photosynthesis B. lactic acid fermentationC. alcoholic fermentationD. cellular respiration

D- cellular respiration

An athlete needing a QUICK BURST of energy for a 50 yard dash is getting his/her ATP from

A. cellular respirationB. alcoholic fermentationC. lactic acid fermentation D. electron transport

C- lactic acid fermentation

Where doesthe FADH2

produced here go next?

Where does the ATP produced here go?

to the Electron transport chain

Used by cell for cellular activities

How many carbons are in

a molecule of citric acid?

6

During long term exercise, like a marathon race or a soccer game, which pathway is used by your muscles to make ATP?

Cellular respiration

Because the Krebs cycle and

Electron Transport Chain REQUIRE

oxygen, they are said to be

_____________________aerobic

What happens to the NADH and FADH2

produced during cellular respiration?

Their electrons enter the Electron Transport Chain

Which ion is being pumped acrossthe membrane at the purple arrowsduring electron transport ?

H+ H+ H+

H+

1 NADH carrier produces ___ ATPfrom electron transport

3

Why does 1 molecule of FADH2 produce only 2 ATP during electron transport?

It comes in farther down the electron transport chain than NADH

Where does the Electron Transport Chain get the high energy electrons that are passed down the chain?

From NADH and FADH2

How does the location of the ElectronTransport Chain differ in eukaryotesand prokaryotes?

In eukaryotes it is in the inner mitochondrial membrane; in bacteria the chain is in the cell membrane remember. . .no membrane bound organelles in bacteria!

What happens to the lactic acidproduced during intense

exercise?

it is broken down later when oxygen is available

After glucose & glycogen stores are used up, cells start to burn ________for energy.

FAT

Name the reactants of cellular respiration

O2 and glucose (C6H12O6)

Name the products formed during cellular respiration

H20, carbon dioxide, energy (ATP)

Name the 4 products released during the Krebs cycle

Name this reaction

CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

glycolysis

How many carbon atoms are in

a molecule of glucose?

6

Name the stage of cellular respirationthat follows glycolysis

Krebs cycle

Where does this

Reaction happen?

Where will the pyruvic acid gonext if oxygen is NOT present?

In the cytoplasm

Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation

Where is the matrix in this diagram?

The red molecule is the diagram is__________________

B

ATP synthase

Another name for the inner membrane in a mitochondrion is the ________.

What happens to theCO2 produced in thisreaction?

cristae

Released intoatmosphere when we exhale

DIAGRAM BY RIEDELL

Name the pathwayH+ ions and oxygen form water ________________

Lactic acid is formed in muscles ______________________

A glucose molecule is broken down

into 2 pyruvic acid molecules _______________________

H+ ions build up in the

intermembrane space _________________________

Citric acid is broken down

in a series of steps into CO2 _____________________

Electron transport

glycolysis

Lactic acid fermentation

Electron transport

Krebs cycle

Name the pathwayAlcohol and CO2 are produced

from pyruvic acid ______ ________________

Acetyl Co-A joins a 4 carbon

molecule to make citric acid ______________________

H+ ions pass from the intermembrane

space into the matrix to make ATP___________________

Oxygen acts as the last

electron acceptor and makes water____________________

Alcoholic fermentation

Electron transport

Krebs cycle

Electron transport

Where will the NADH

produced in this

reaction go next

if oxygen is

present?

Where will the pyruvic acid gonext if oxygen is present?

To electron transport chain

Into mitochondria and Krebs cycle

Where does this

reaction happen?

Where will the pyruvic acid gonext if oxygen is NOT present?

In the cytoplasm

Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation

Where does this

Reaction happen?

Where will the pyruvic acid gonext if oxygen is NOT present?

In the cytoplasm

Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation

What happens to theCO2 produced in thisreaction?

Acetyl-CoA will join next with a4 carbon molecule to make __________

Released into atmosphere whenwe exhale

Citric acid

What reactionhappens on thematrix side of themembrane whenATP synthase spins?

A phosphateis added to ADP to make ATP