cellular respiration ap biology. the equation c 6 h 12 o 6 + 6o 2 6co 2 + 6h 2 0 + atp c 6 h 12 o 6...
DESCRIPTION
Redox Reaction C 6 H 12 O 6 Loses electrons Oxidized to CO 2 O 2 Gains electrons Reduced to H 2 OTRANSCRIPT
Cellular Respiration
AP Biology
The Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
C6H12O6 = glucose
6O2 = oxygen gas
6CO2 = carbon dioxide
6H20 = water
ATP = energy
Redox Reaction
C6H12O6 Loses electronsOxidized to CO2
O2
Gains electronsReduced to H2O
What happens…..
High energy electrons (e-)Stripped from C6H12O6 Used to do work - create H+ concentration
gradientFinally accepted by oxygen (O2)
Mitochondria
Site of cellular respirationStructure
Mitochondria
Relating structure to function Intermembrane space
Allows for the accumulation of H+Membranes not permeable to H+
Mitochondria
Relating structure to function Inner membrane
CristaeLarge surface area for ETC
Mitochondria
Relating structure to functionMatrix
Segregates chemicals of Krebs cycle
NADH Production
Enzymes dehydrogenasesRemove 2 hydrogens (2 H+ and 2 e-) from
substrateAdd 2 electrons and 1 H+ to NAD+
2 e- + 1 H+ + NAD+ NADHNAD+ reduced
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Energy investmentUses 2 ATP moleculesSplits glucose
Glycolysis
Energy yielding4 ATP molecules produced by substrate
level phosphorylation2 pyruvate (3-C) producedElectrons transferred to NAD+2 NADH produced
Glycolysis
LocationCytosol of cellOutside mitochondria
Cytosol – outside mitochondrion
Acetyl CoA Prep
CO2 removed from pyruvateNADH producedCoenzyme A added to acetyl group (2-C)Acetyl CoA producedLocation = matrix of mitochondria
Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle - One Turn
Acetyl group (2-C) added to oxaloacetate (4-C) forming citrate (6-C)
2 CO2 lost3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH1 FAD reduced to 1 FADH2
1 ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation
Oxaloacetate regenerated
Krebs Cycle – 1 Glucose – 2 Turns
4 CO2 lost6 NAD+ reduced to 6 NADH2 FAD reduced to 2 FADH2
2 ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Location = matrix of mitochondria
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation
NADH & FADH2 pass electrons to molecules in electron transport chain
Electrons passed from molecule to molecule
When some molecules accept electrons they must also accept H+
H+ released into intermembrane space when electrons passed to next molecule
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Energy from electrons used to move H+ into intermembrane space
Electrons accepted by oxygen 2e- + 2H+ + ½ O2 H2O
ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Channel proteins allow H+ to diffuse down concentration gradient
ATP synthase uses KE of H+ moving down concentration gradient to add P to ADP making ATP
ATP Production
Glycolysis4 ATP (2 net)Substrate level phosphorylation
Krebs2 ATPSubstrate level phosphorylation
ATP Production
ETC & oxidative phosphorylation2 NADH from glycolysis = 4 to 6 ATP2 NADH from acetyl CoA prep = 6 ATP6 NADH from Krebs cycle = 18 ATP2 FADH2 from Krebs cycle = 4 ATP
ATP Production
Total = 36 to 38 ATP per glucose