7.4 Anaerobic Respiration

Cellular Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

• Recall anaerobic respiration occurs in the _____________________ of _________

• Two methods- -

• Both methods begin with __________________

Alcohol Fermentation• Starts with __________________

– Glucose is metabolized to ______________________

– A net of ________ ATP is made

• During alcoholic fermentation– _____________________ is ________________

to form _____________________– ________________________ is released

– ________________ is recycled so ____________________ can continue

• ___________________ do this– Leavened bread – Sparkling wine

Lactic Acid Fermentation• Starts with ____________– Glucose is metabolized to

______________________– Pyruvate is reduced to form

_________________________– _________________ transfers

H+ ions to ________________ regenerating NAD+

– A net of _____ ATP is made– No _____________ is released

• Muscle cells have the ___________________ to do this, but _________________ cells do not

– Muscle cells can survive _______________ periods of oxygen _________________, but brain cells cannot

– Lactic acid “_____________” in muscles

Maximum Oxygen Uptake

• Aerobic _____________________: measure of the ability of the heart, lungs, and bloodstream to supply __________ to the cells of the _______________ during physical activity

• • A _______________________ rate at which an

individual can consume __________ during maximal __________________– –

Exercise and VO2 max• Moving from rest to exercise _______ energy requirements• Metabolism __________________ in direct proportion to

_______________ of work• As demand for energy ______________________ so does

___________________ consumption (remember the role of oxidation to produce ATP to do work)

• VO2 eventually peaks =

• VO2 may remain _____________________ at max or drop slightly even through work _________________ continues to increase

• Average VO2 max is

• Top athletes’ VO2 max is

Supplements and Toxins

• Creatine phosphate– donates its high energy ____________________

to the production of ____________Creatine phosphate + ADP ↔ creatine + ATP

– increase in ______________ may help to store creatine phosphate in muscle cells (creating a ____________________ of phosphate ready for ATP production)

– potentially also acts as a ___________________ in muscle cells against _____________________

• Carbon ________________________ (CO)– combines with ________________________

preventing ________ from binding with red blood cells

– affinity between hemoglobin and CO is about ______________ times __________________ than the affinity between hemoglobin and O2

• hemoglobin will bond with _________ before it will with _______

– No oxgyen available means the __________ ______________________• Low ATP production results in cell ____________

• Cyanide and Hydrogen Sulfide– inhibit oxygen _______________________ by

__________________________– Stopping _______________ _________________