Review Game

I hope you studied!

Mitochondria

–WHERE

MOST ENERGY

IS PRODUCED

IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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Mitochondrial disease

• Results from failure of the mitochondria• Mitochondria are responsible for 90% of

the energy needed by the body to sustain life

• Cell fails - tissue fail - organ fail - death • SYMPTOMS: motor control, muscle weakness and pain, gastro-

intestinal disorders and swallowing difficulties, poor growth, cardiac disease, liver disease, diabetes, respiratory complications, seizures, visual/hearing problems, lactic acidosis, developmental delays and susceptibility to infection

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration vs Photosynthesis

The energy from the mitochondria is produced in a processes called:

Yeast Lab

• Yeast are small organisms that use sugar to make energy.

• Follow the procedure in your notes. Make sure you make observations about what is going on.

• Later in class you will be able to make a inference about where the air in the balloon is coming from

Cellular respiration

• What is it? – Cellular Respiration – process that produces

energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

– MAIN POINT:• GLUCOSE (an organic molecule) ATP (a form of

energy the body can use)

Who performs Cellular Respiration?

• EVERY LIVING THING!!– Animals, plants, fungi…anything that is living.– Every living thing needs to convert sugars into energy

so they all perform RESPIRATION.

PLANTS & ANIMALS PERFORM CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PLANTS & ANIMALS PERFORM CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PLANTS & ANIMALS PERFORM CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Location, location, location

• Cellular Respiration occurs mainly in the mitochondria of cells & in the cytoplasm.

• Why do you think the mitochondria have so many folds?

The break down

• cellular respiration is broken down into 3 parts.– Glycolysis - Cytoplasm– Krebs Cycle -

Mitochondria– Electron Transport Chain

– Mitochondria

• Each of the steps of cellular respiration produces a different amount of ATP.

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Step 1 Glycolysis

• Glycolysis – process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half– Produces:

• 2molecules of pyruvic acid

• 2 Molecules of ATP

• Glyco= Made of Sugar• Lysis= To cut

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Name depends on Oxygen

• If Oxygen is present (aerobic) – Cellular respiration

• If Oxygen is absent (which is?) – Fermentation

Step Two: If oxygen is present

• Krebs Cycle– Pyruvic acid

CO2

• Location- Inside the mitochondria

• 6 Molecules of ATP are produced.– CO2 is waste

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If Oxygen is present step 3

• The Electron Transport Chain – uses high energy

electrons to convert many ADP to ATP.

• Waste: H2O• Most ATP is

produced!!!!

–36 ATP

Step Location ATP Produced Products

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

ETC

Cytoplasm

MitochondriaMatrix

Mitochondria inner membrane

2 (Net)

6

28

2 Pyrivic Acid

6 CO2

6 H2O

Overview of the steps/ATP Production and Waste

If no oxygen is present

FERMENTATION

Fermentation

• Fermentation – process by which cells release energy (ATP) from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.– Anaerobic – “not in air”; no oxygen.– Does NOT need mitochondria either– Glycolysis still has to happen first! (just like in

cellular respiration. )

• 2 types of fermentation:Alcoholic and Lactic Acid FermentationGlycose Lactic Acid

Alcoholic Fermentation

• Yeast and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation.

• Forms alcohol and CO2 as wastes.

• Sore?• Your muscles run out of

oxygen so cells begin rapidly producing ATP by lactic acid fermentation.

• The build up of acid causes a burning sensation.

• You breath heavily after exercise to repay the oxygen dept.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are OPPOSITES of

each other

• Plants take in CO2 and give off O2 and Animals take in O2 and give off CO2.

The Relationship of Cellular Respiration and

Photosynthesis

• Plants (autotrophs) use BOTH processes

• Animals (heterotrophs) only use ONE process; cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are OPPOSITES of each

other

• The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration and the products of cellular respiration are the reactants for photosynthesis