Cells: The Basis of LifeCells: The Basis of Life

Mevan SiriwardaneMrs. Rolle’s Biology - Barringer High School

October 25, 2007

Mevan SiriwardaneMrs. Rolle’s Biology - Barringer High School

October 25, 2007

BackgroundBackground

MicroscopesMagnifies objects of small size

Series of lens refracts a beam of light passing through an object

Light reflect of the object is focused to the eye to see a larger image

MicroscopesMagnifies objects of small size

Series of lens refracts a beam of light passing through an object

Light reflect of the object is focused to the eye to see a larger image

Discovery of a CellDiscovery of a Cell

Earliest MicroscopesCompound light microscope, mid-1600sObservations led to discoveries

Hooke’s study of cork through microscope (1665)

Leeuwenhoek saw living things in pond water (1674)

Earliest MicroscopesCompound light microscope, mid-1600sObservations led to discoveries

Hooke’s study of cork through microscope (1665)

Leeuwenhoek saw living things in pond water (1674)

Development of the Cell Theory

Development of the Cell Theory

(Early 1600’s) - Invention of the first microscope 1665 - Robert Hooke’s observation of cork under compound

microscope

1674 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers tiny living things in pond water

1838 - Matthias Schleiden states all plants are made of cells 1839 - Theodor Schwann concludes all animals made up of cells 1855 - Rudolph Virchow says that all cells come from existing

cells

(Early 1600’s) - Invention of the first microscope 1665 - Robert Hooke’s observation of cork under compound

microscope

1674 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers tiny living things in pond water

1838 - Matthias Schleiden states all plants are made of cells 1839 - Theodor Schwann concludes all animals made up of cells 1855 - Rudolph Virchow says that all cells come from existing

cells

Cell TheoryCell Theory Observations and conclusions by many

scientists led to understanding of the cell Cell Theory:

1) All livings things are made of cells2) Cells are basic units of

structure/function in living things3) New cells are produced from existing

cells

Observations and conclusions by many scientists led to understanding of the cell

Cell Theory:1) All livings things are made of cells2) Cells are basic units of

structure/function in living things3) New cells are produced from existing

cells

Modern MicroscopesModern Microscopes

TypesLight microscope (400-1000X)Confocal/Fluorescence microscope (500X)Electron microscope (1000-10000X)

TypesLight microscope (400-1000X)Confocal/Fluorescence microscope (500X)Electron microscope (1000-10000X)

Basics of the CellBasics of the Cell

Separated from outside worldCell membrane

Stores DNA for biological informationDNA stored in nucleus depending of

type of cell

Separated from outside worldCell membrane

Stores DNA for biological informationDNA stored in nucleus depending of

type of cell

Types of CellsTypes of Cells

Prokaryotes Very ancient Very small and simple

Bacteria No nucleus

Eukaryotes Larger and more complex Organized structures Contains a nucleus

Prokaryotes Very ancient Very small and simple

Bacteria No nucleus

Eukaryotes Larger and more complex Organized structures Contains a nucleus

Prokaryotes vs. EukaryotesProkaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

What is the Nucleus?What is the Nucleus?

Control center – Contains DNA -> Coded set of instructions

Instructions for making molecules like proteins

Control center – Contains DNA -> Coded set of instructions

Instructions for making molecules like proteins

Cell Structure and FunctionCell Structure and Function

Eukaryotic Cell (Animal Cell)Divided into two parts: nucleus and

cytoplasmContains many functional “little organs”

or organelles

Eukaryotic Cell (Animal Cell)Divided into two parts: nucleus and

cytoplasmContains many functional “little organs”

or organelles

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

1. Nucleolus2. Nucleus3. Ribosome4. Vesicle5. Rough ER6. Golgi Apparatus

7. Cytoskeleton8. Smooth ER9. Mitochondria10. Vacuole11. Cytoplasm12. Lysosome

Eukaryotic Cell (Plant)Eukaryotic Cell (Plant)

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function

ReviewReview

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm

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